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Personality Theories
Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Carl Rogers, and Abraham Maslow
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Personality theory is a large area of psychological research and there exists many different ideas concerning how personality is formed. Despite there being a multitude of these theories there are four theorists who had the largest influence in the development of personality theory. These theorists include: Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Carl Rogers, and Abraham Maslow.
Sigmund Freud
The most well-known and one of the earliest personality theories was posited by Sigmund Freud. Freud proposed what is known as the psychodynamic perspective. The psychodynamic perspective describes personality in terms of the mind being divided into three functional areas. Freud described the mind’s functional areas in terms of id, ego, and superego. According to Freud, the id is the instinctual area of the mind, the ego is the rational or logical control area of the mind, and the superego is portion of the mind that provides moral standards and values (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). Psychoanalytic theory posits that personality is developed through the interaction of these three portions of the mind (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). According to Freud “behavior is ultimately determined by unconscious sexual and aggressive drives and by the complex intrapsychic conflicts that arise in daily life.” (McAdams, 2009) Freud’s theory considers personality to be a result of underlying beliefs and conflicts between the id, ego, and superego which manifest themselves into behavior and traits.
While Freud’s theory is interesting and provides an important concept concerning the subconscious mind impacting behavior, his theories are founded in highly speculative and subjective reasoning. The psychoanalytic theory has almost no evidence to support the supposition that the mind is divided

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