...BusinessTOPIC: Are scientific management and human relation approaches still applicable to organization of the 21st century? Full name: Trần Võ Khánh Linh Student ID: 1301BF5024 Class: K52-BFB Lecturer: Mr. Trần Quốc Trung Submission date: July 20, 2015 | Introduction Management can have the most remarkable effects on organizations. Therefore, management has become an essential element of the organization. From the past, managers had to figure out the ways to manage different workers’ skills, workplace conditions, history background or even their emotions. Thus, the development of the method in order to carry out that crucial part of the managing job is required urgently. Throughout history, there have been various approaches of management theories authored by experts like Frederick W. Taylor, Elton Mayo, Peter Drucker... to basically give managers a guideline of how to control human labor. In fact, a number of management strategies can be observed with the passing of time, and two important ones that shall be mentioned here are Scientific Management - which was published by Frederick W. Taylor, and the Human Relations approach of Elton Mayo. Both theories are not hard to recognize within the modern day workplace, and these methods of working seem so commonplace and so logical to a citizen of the modern world - the 21st century - a century of innovation and sustainable development. The purpose of this essay is to analyse the extent to which Taylor’s Scientific Management and Mayo’s...
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...Explain the main differences or similarities between Scientific Management and Human Relations. Maximum efficiency and prosperity are always a part of employers' goals, as having these main goals can led to a better working environment, and employees can be paid better. So psychologists and management experts started to observe workers' behaviours when placing them into different working environments, e.g. putting a lazy worker beside a hardworking one, changing the factory's setup everyday, etc, just to see if their productivity would increase or not. Frederick Taylor invented Scientific Management in order to make a factory more fluent and smooth on producing products, thus maximising the profit. Taylor (1911) stated that the main objective is to foster each worker's efficiency, and arranging the most suitable job to meet the worker's natural ability. Meanwhile, Elton Mayo invented Human Relations Movement to boost workers' motivation, thus maximising their productivities. Hollway (1991) mentioned that Mayo undertake his experiments in Hawthorne Electric Plant in the USA, and so, it's also called Hawthorne Effect. Similarities between Scientific Management and Human Relations approach are obvious, that are to maximise a factory/ firm's productivity. Taylor focused on maximum prosperity, which means that not only to maximising the productivity, but employers also have to pay higher wages to employees. Taylor (1911) showed that most interests between employers and employees...
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...INTERGRATED BUSINESS Human Relation Approach & Scientific management Lecturers : Ms.Nguyen Thu Thuy (Assoc.Prof.Dr) Mr.Hoang Anh Duy (MBA) Hanoi, February 19th, 2014 Student's name: Pham Thi Ngan Binh. Table of Contents I. Introduction 5 II. Literature review 5 1. Scientific management 5 1.1 Father of scientific management 5 1.2 Definition and principles 5 1.3 Other theorist of management scientific 6 1.4 Positive and negative of scientific management 7 2. Human relation approach 8 2.1 Father of human relation approach 8 2.2 Definition and principles 8 2.4 Positive and negative of human relation approach 9 3. Organization 10 3.1 Definition 10 3.2 Characteristics of organization 10 3.3 Types of organization 11 3.4 Organization is an open system 12 3.5 Morden organization and traditional organization 12 III. Scientific management and Human relation approach in organization 13 1. Scientific management in modern organization 13 2. Human relation approach in modern organization 15 IV. Conclusion 16 V. References 16 Executive summary The objective of this essay is to evaluate whether scientific and human relation management are still implemented in organization in the 21st century. Many parts of these theories was considered such as definition, father of scientific management and human relation approach, other theorist of these theories and pros and corn of them. Besides, theory of or organization...
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...Name: Trương Quỳnh Trang Class: K52_BFA Student ID: 1301BF5901 17/5/2015 Are scientific management and human relations approaches still applicable to organization of the 21st century? Scientific management and human relations approaches had been a well-known and well-used in business management in the 1900s. It is, however, still a question whether or not those methods are applicable to organization of the 21st century. Some opinions stated that these practices are still appropriate for organizations nowadays due to the benefits and effectiveness they brought to the organization, while other people based on the grounds of different features between recent organizations and organizations of decades ago to disregard the effectiveness of any of management theories from the 20th century. Therefore, the main focus of this essay will be demonstrating the illustration of some principles of scientific management and human relations approaches, comparison between them and writer’s personal view of their capabilities to determine whether or not they are still suitable for the modern organization. Even nowadays, it is no difficult to find examples of Scientific Management, for instance the car and computer manufacturing plants, work environment and anywhere that required a strict and accurate function to serve men. In fact, these methods of working seem so commonplace and so logical to a citizen of the modern world that it is almost impossible to accept that they...
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...Scientific Management and Human Relations Approaches in the 21st century Authored by: Nguyen Thi Kim Anh Submited to: Mr. Tran Quoc Trung Foreign Trade University Submission date: May 22, 2015 The development of management in the 21st century is seen as the result of a process of change from the past. Managemant specific to the driver and guide all parts of an organization, usually economic organizations, through the establishment and change of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual real and intangible value). Surely, the managers always hoped that they could find the appropriate management approach and effective to increase work efficiency, labor productivity, as well as enable them to easily manage job and humans. The birth of the company from the years of 1780s to mid 1800s has created a significant influences on management, making it became a necessary element for the survival of a company. However, until the start of the 20th century, the knowledge of management was unified, development and transmission. Early 20th century, writers management called Mary Parker Follett defines management as "the art of getting the work done by others.". Since then, there have been many management methods and the human approach were launched, which included: Scientific Management and Human Relations Approaches. The founding father of Scientific Management is Frederick W. Taylor ( 1856 – 1915). He came from a mechanic in the US, who has made the positions as foreman, chief...
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...Scientific Management introduced by Frederick Taylor and the Neo classical views of Human Relations Approach. Both schools of thoughts are drafted to identify and increase the potential of an organization. However both are dissimilar in their ways and means they seek to maximize business potential. Taylorism or Scientific Management can be said to be an approach that is circled around improving worker by means of strict management and technical methods. While according to the Human Relations approach narrows its focus on the worker and lays emphasis on a better and stronger worker relationship, recognition and achievement are seen as stimulants for increased productivity Traditionally, the principles of scientific management have had positive effect on the industry and thus have gained considerable support. Grimes in 2006 identified Adams Smith as one of the main contributors of this model in the 18th century. He saw specialization as the, means by which a worker can be made efficient and gave more emphasis on the practice of division of labor, singling out tasks and managing the worker on these tasks. In the 20th century, Frederick Taylor made a big impact in the field of managerial studies, aided by his book Principles of Scientific Management that was published in 1911. In his book, he took steps to popularize the scientific model to a very great extent, consequently this earned him a great deal of respect that he became famous and was crowned the pioneer of scientific management...
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...FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY | SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN RELATIONS MOVEMENT – APPLICATION IN ORGANISATIONS OF THE 21st CENTURY | BUSINESS CORE INTERGRATED PROGRAMME – MR. TRAN QUOC TRUNG | PHAM THI YEN NHI – 1301BF5038 – K52BFA 5/22/2015 | In recent years, human society is having the most dramatically unmatched development speed. To meet the demand of today modern age and become pioneers or successful managers, each of us must have prompt and sensible ability to realize which changes are occurring and which trends are going to expand in the future. In order to realize those changes quickly and successfully, leaders of the 21st century should base on scientific management and human relations movement, which are respectively basic managing theories of Frederick W. Taylor and Elton Mayo. This leads to management and also art of managing have been playing a significant role in every side of our life. Moreover, to manage a world that never stops changing at present and in the future, managers, manage process and organizational methods will have many differentiations (Management in 21st century, Subir Chowdhury). Therefore, this essay will concentrate on the way how scientific management and human relations are applied in organizations of the 21st century. Some aspects such as: definition, practical examples and the applications of the theories in each circumstance of present will be mentioned. Scientific management is a manage theory developed by F. W. Taylor, based...
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...both the Scientific Management Era and the Human Relations Era. It assesses the main ideas of these eras and determines whether or not they have left a positive/negative impact. What is scientific management? According to Robert Hoxie: Scientific Management is “A system devised by industrial engineers for the purpose of sub serving the common interest of employers, workmen and society at large, through the elimination of avoidable wastes, the general improvement of the process and methods of production, and the just and scientific distribution of the product” (Witzel 2012). In contrast to the Scientific Management, Human Relation Management is more involved with the person and their social needs. However, there are also some similarities between the Scientific Management Era and the Human Relations Era along with the differences. The Scientific Management Era (~ 1900 - 1923) emerged in the US. It was to provide industrial betterment. Organisations were seen as machines. The emphasis of the Scientific Management Era was based on increasing the productivity and motivation of employees with some kind of monetary rewards. This idea came from Henry Gantt (Witzel 21012) who introduced the bonus system, which motivated workers to complete duties by offering them a bonus on top of their basic pay. The Human Relations Era was somewhat different to the Scientific Management Era. The emphasis was on the employees and how they were motivated. Unlike the Scientific Management Era, the...
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...Over the years, different methods of management has been used in organizations to enable the success of the business, two distinct management approaches are scientific management by Fredrick Taylor who saw workers more as robots than people and human relations approach by Elton Mayo who saw his worker more as social people than as robots. In this essay, I would show the differences between management science and human relations. One of the differences between human relations and scientific management is that Human relations are based on motivation, group motivation, leader and most importantly the relationship between the employer and the employee. Mayo saw the workers as human beings and in order for the business to achieve its goals, the business organization must try understanding and respecting the emotions and satisfying of needs of the workers that are not monetary (Khan, 2008). Scientific management is based mostly on workers working at their fullest potential in order to achieve maximum productivity, Taylor saw the workers as machines that are meant to be given instructions on how to perform tasks without considering their human side. Another difference is the use of time and motion studies scientific management method involves time and motion studies which is basically a method of creating a standard for employee productivity through breaking down of task to its easiest form in a manner in which there is no wasted motion while the exact time for each correct movement...
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...Name : kiran kumar penta Reg no: 130206 Introduction: management is one of those bodies of theory and practice, concerns might be considered as rational inventory in human affairs. In 19th century the universally applicable principles of management began in heart land of Europe and America , upon work of Henry Fayol and than considered scientific management (Taylorism), known as classical theory. These are mainly concerned with structure and mechanization of organization , human relations & social psychological theories focused on human factor at work. And as technology changes the organizations are shifting their emphasis to knowledge management which has several approaches to socio-technical perspectives ( Grant & Shahsavarani 2010 ). The main task of this essay is to enhance & illustrate importance of scientific management , human relations & socio technical perspectives in organization. Henri Fayol (1841-1925): To manage is to forecast plan, organize, command to coordinate and control. Fredrick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915): known as father of management. He invented the scientific way of organizing companies. Management : coordinated activites ( planning, forecast, organize, decide, command) to direct and control. Scientific management: A work study technique to design & organization of work inorder to get maximum output which increases productivity. There are six best ways designed to increase productivity, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. job design and practice. Repetitive work cycles...
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...resources efficiently and effectively, that's called management. Modern management was based on The Principles of Scientific Management (F.W. Taylor by 1911) and Administration Industrielle Et Générale（H. Fayol by 1916). Nowadays, the subject of management have more development and more theories than the past, meanwhile many theories' disadvantage was discovered. Main theories of management 1. Classical theory There are a lot of theories of management in the world; one of the parts is called classical theory. Basically, this theory is emphasis on purpose, formal structure, hierarchy of management, technical requirements, and common principles of organization. It’s also emphasis placed on planning of work, technical requirements of organizations, systematic methods of management, and assumption of rational and logical behavior. Meanwhile propose that associated with division of work tasks, clearly defined duties, control and co-ordination of work, hierarchy, formal rules. There are two major classical sub-groups: i. Scientific Management (F.W. Taylor, 1911) Scientific management also called Taylorism. In the beginning of The Principles of Scientific Management (F.W. Taylor by 1911), Taylor thought that to prove the best way of management is a real scientific subject. This subject are based on clearly defined discipline, rules and principles, and further show that the fundamental principles of scientific management applied to human behavior - from the easiest personal behavior...
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...University INU 3506 Management and Organization Seminar Tutor: John Timney Name of Student: Muyi Peng Student Number: b1028149 Group: 7 Date: 15/ 3/ 2010 Word Count: 981 The systematic development of management thinking is viewed, generally, as spanning from the end of the nineteenth century with the emergence of large industrial organizations. Management theories consist of two group—classical management theory and human relations theory. In this essay, the nature of the “Classical” and “Human Relations” approaches to management will be described at first and then bring out the differences and similarities between them. The classical theory of management was formed in the early 20th century and based on a pyramid, formal structure. To be more precise, it puts an emphasis on technical requirements of the organisation, common principles as well as hierarchy of management. There are three well-established theories of classical management, such as Bureaucratic Organization of Weber, Administrative Management of Fayol and Scientific Management of Taylor. Weber features extensive and binding systems of rules, a strict hierarchical organizational structure. Fayol identified POCCC: plan organize command, coordination, control. Scientific management is a branch of the classical school of management and concentrates on the philosophies of economic rationality, efficiency, individualism as well as the scientific analysis of work. It...
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...many different approaches of management theory. These theories exist because they are no longer relevant in today's environment, but a number of theories have been implemented as scientific management and human relations. Classical management emphasizes productivity by promoting efficient employees with bonuses. Human Relations emphasis on the motivation of the employees of both financial rewards and a variety of social factors , such as praise , a sense of belonging , and a sense of accomplishment . Scientific management uses incentives to encourage workers. This idea comes from Henry Gantt who introduced a bonus system, where workers have an incentive to complete their daily tasks by rewarding them with bonuses. Scientific management assumes employees as a “Rational Economic Man” are motivated by nothing else but money. Employees are paid more on the level of output, bonuses to achieve goals. Nevertheless, Human relations approaches, which are also focused on the welfare of workers, look after, and health needs will increase productivity, as Mayo said. Importantly, it means that workers are generally happier, thus enhancing their work productivity, as demonstrated in the Hawthorne studies .Therefore, this essay will compare and contrast the “Scientific management” and “Human Relations” approaches. During the term of the management classic, it is called a formal management science. The classical theory has focused on a decentralized management system and the relationship officially...
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...The concept of this essay is to compare and contrast between the Scientific School of Thought and the Behaviorist School of Thought. To better understand this essay two matters must be understood, firstly understanding the meaning of management and secondly, the evolution of management. Management is a collection of different roles undertaken to achieve a job effectively. Another matter that needs to be understood is the evolution of management. Management has evolved from the classical approach to bureaucracy to human relations movement and social psychological schools and finally to modern approach to management. The individuals involved during the evolution of management are Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henri Fayol, Max Weber, and Elton Mayo. F. W. Taylor and Henri Fayol developed classical theories and were concerned with the arrangement and performance of a formal organisation. Max Weber developed a structure of organization known as bureaucracy. Weber developed six characteristics of bureaucracy as followed below: 1. Rules created by management, management will direct the lower levels of the organization by using in a steady and expected approach. 2. Separation of labour, each job is specified with different responsibilities and authority. 3. Hierarchical arrangement, each and every organization has a hierarchy of power. The top level staff gives direction to middle level staff and the middle level staff gives direction to the lower level...
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...Do the Hawthorne Studies truly deserve to be recognised as producing a fundamental change in the development of management thought? The Hawthorne Studies were a set of studies carried out by Western Electric between 1924 and 1932 in conjunction with researchers from the Harvard Business School, led by Elton Mayo, at their Hawthorne Works plant (Sonnenfeld 1985 p. 112). Researchers initially set out to find the effects of lighting upon levels of production, but ultimately the evidence gathered lead to a significant shift in management thought: from Scientific Management to Human Relations (Hassard 2012 p. 1432). The methods of the studies and their originality have been censured by some scholars, some of whom feel this invalidates the findings and therefore the significance of the studies, but, despite their flaws, it is impossible to deny the far reaching influence of these studies upon the development of management thought. Scientific management was developed by Frederick Taylor to improve industrial efficiency (Taylor 1911), it was this theory of management which Western Electric was using to direct their employees at the time the Hawthorne Studies commenced. Some of the key principles of the theory were: that managers should scientifically determine how a task should be completed most efficiently and; that managers should then select the best person for the job, train them to do their tasks efficiently, and monitor performance to ensure these specifications are met (Law...
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