...Scientific Management and Human Relations Approaches in the 21st century Authored by: Nguyen Thi Kim Anh Submited to: Mr. Tran Quoc Trung Foreign Trade University Submission date: May 22, 2015 The development of management in the 21st century is seen as the result of a process of change from the past. Managemant specific to the driver and guide all parts of an organization, usually economic organizations, through the establishment and change of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual real and intangible value). Surely, the managers always hoped that they could find the appropriate management approach and effective to increase work efficiency, labor productivity, as well as enable them to easily manage job and humans. The birth of the company from the years of 1780s to mid 1800s has created a significant influences on management, making it became a necessary element for the survival of a company. However, until the start of the 20th century, the knowledge of management was unified, development and transmission. Early 20th century, writers management called Mary Parker Follett defines management as "the art of getting the work done by others.". Since then, there have been many management methods and the human approach were launched, which included: Scientific Management and Human Relations Approaches. The founding father of Scientific Management is Frederick W. Taylor ( 1856 – 1915). He came from a mechanic in the US, who has made the positions as foreman, chief...
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...Management Theories and Philosophies 1. INTRODUCTION According to (Gomez et al, 2008) Management was first start arise in 18th century during the industrial revolution in America and Europe. Earlier the economies of both America and Europe depend more in primary sectors which started agriculture, mining activities and forestry. The growth of these primary sectors leads raises the awareness of entrepreneurs to invest in new factories since the market or trade expand together with development in technology. These enhance the beginning industrial revolution as the need to improve methods of work, productivity, quality of product and efficiently. The researchers in management field was the then born that time and various theories developed. The nature of the word theory have different in opinions but many business professionals, social scientists and other academic have very similar beliefs on definition of theory. According to (Online Dictionary, 2009), define theory as a “supposition or system of ideas explaining something”. On other hand by considering its applications the definition of Management has wide range and many authors including well known such as Ernest Dale, Gerald A Cole and Lurrie J. Mullins who explained that there is no main perfect or accepted definition of management by considering the different in theoretical approaches which management developed in. The approach to management in organization should consider the nature of the organizations so as to meet as suit...
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...Essay in Political Economy of Work Do Taylor’s ideas on scientific management have any application in the contemporary workplace? Discuss with reference to evidence and alternative insights. Why for example do so many banks, health providers, and other companies ask you to key in your account number “for faster service,” when you will be asked to repeat it twice more to the people who are serving you? That is a symptom of Taylorism run rampant, a misplaced faith in technology unjustified by human experience. (Weisbord 2011: 12) The nature of work and its organization has interested managers, economists and social scientists for as long as people have been employed by others to engage in productive activity. Indeed, managers have largely been interested in maximizing output from available resources. Economists and social scientists have raised questions about the organization of work in relation to issues of the individual and society in general. Historically, the emphasis was on finding the best way in which to manage the human resource through scientific and mechanical means. Frederick Taylor (“Taylorism”) and Henry Ford (“Fordism”) were both looking to make labour more efficient by fitting workers to jobs. To counteract the some of the worst features of Taylorism, the job redesign and human relations movements stressed the importance of an understanding of employees’ social, rather than simply economic, needs. ...
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...2 APPROACHES TO ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT Organisational behaviour is a discursive subject and much has been written about it. The study of organisations and management has therefore to proceed on a broad front. It is the comparative study of the different approaches that will yield benefits to the manager. The study of organisations, their structure and management is important for the manager. Identification of major trends in management and organisational behaviour, and the work of leading writers, provide a perspective on concepts and ideas discussed in more detail in other chapters. Learning outcomes After completing this chapter you should be able to: ■ identify major trends in the development of organisational behaviour and management thinking; contrast main features of different approaches to organisation and management; evaluate the relevance of these different approaches to the present-day management of organisations; explain the relationships between management theory and practice; assess the value of the study of different approaches to organisation and management; recognise the relationship between the development of theory, behaviour in organisations and management practice; establish a basis for consideration of aspects of organisational behaviour discussed in subsequent chapters. ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Critical reflection ‘It is often claimed that what leading writers say is an important part of the study of management and organisational behaviour. Others say that...
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...The aim of the Organizational behavior is studying the human behavior in an individual and group processes and actions. It is significant for us to explore and understand the implication of human beings and the interactions of organization as well as aware the best way on nature and the role of management in designing and controlling the organizations. Organizational theory is distributed to two main approaches, Technical-rational approach and Social-human approach. Technical-rational approaches simply are considering the organization as machines and treating human as mere cogs within them which include Bureaucracy, The Classical School and Scientific management. About the Social-human approaches are seeing the organization as communities of people and treat human as emotional and social beings, which structures are more flexible and It can be called as Human rations school. Afterward, I would like to discuss them respectively and particularity. First of all, about the Bureaucracy demonstrates the people to have their own responsibilities and well-defined tasks. It indicates there are the hierarchical reporting structures in organization which means the managers have official authorities to exact obedience such as because of their position, as well as the personal authority based on individual personality, intelligence, and experience obedience and respect within an organization are absolutely essential. Good discipline requires managers to apply sanctions whenever violations...
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...Evaluate the main traditional approaches to management (classical, humanistic, systems, contingency) and contrast them with post-modern ideas of management Introduction As any other activity managing an organization has got various approaches to rely on. To be successful managers have to possess enough knowledge on different approaches to management and discriminate them from one another, perceive advantages and disadvantages of each. In this work traditional approaches to management and post-modern ideas are present as well. Classical approach Classical concepts in management appeared in the end of 19th century. Manufacturing system at that period faced with tasks which were never taken into account before. Development of large and sophisticated organizations forced to search for new coordination and control methods. From this step evolution of modern management has started and as a result classical approach was established. This approach implied three specific areas: scientific management, bureaucracy organizations and administrative principles. Frederick Winslow Taylor suggested that low productivity which restrained economical development was caused by bad organization of labor and lack of scientifically-proved norms and standards. Moreover, decision-making must be based not on previous traditions and rules but on exact prescriptions made after thorough examining of specific situations. The main principles of scientific management, formulated by Taylor, are: *...
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...Name: Trương Quỳnh Trang Class: K52_BFA Student ID: 1301BF5901 17/5/2015 Are scientific management and human relations approaches still applicable to organization of the 21st century? Scientific management and human relations approaches had been a well-known and well-used in business management in the 1900s. It is, however, still a question whether or not those methods are applicable to organization of the 21st century. Some opinions stated that these practices are still appropriate for organizations nowadays due to the benefits and effectiveness they brought to the organization, while other people based on the grounds of different features between recent organizations and organizations of decades ago to disregard the effectiveness of any of management theories from the 20th century. Therefore, the main focus of this essay will be demonstrating the illustration of some principles of scientific management and human relations approaches, comparison between them and writer’s personal view of their capabilities to determine whether or not they are still suitable for the modern organization. Even nowadays, it is no difficult to find examples of Scientific Management, for instance the car and computer manufacturing plants, work environment and anywhere that required a strict and accurate function to serve men. In fact, these methods of working seem so commonplace and so logical to a citizen of the modern world that it is almost impossible to accept that they...
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...Name : kiran kumar penta Reg no: 130206 Introduction: management is one of those bodies of theory and practice, concerns might be considered as rational inventory in human affairs. In 19th century the universally applicable principles of management began in heart land of Europe and America , upon work of Henry Fayol and than considered scientific management (Taylorism), known as classical theory. These are mainly concerned with structure and mechanization of organization , human relations & social psychological theories focused on human factor at work. And as technology changes the organizations are shifting their emphasis to knowledge management which has several approaches to socio-technical perspectives ( Grant & Shahsavarani 2010 ). The main task of this essay is to enhance & illustrate importance of scientific management , human relations & socio technical perspectives in organization. Henri Fayol (1841-1925): To manage is to forecast plan, organize, command to coordinate and control. Fredrick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915): known as father of management. He invented the scientific way of organizing companies. Management : coordinated activites ( planning, forecast, organize, decide, command) to direct and control. Scientific management: A work study technique to design & organization of work inorder to get maximum output which increases productivity. There are six best ways designed to increase productivity, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. job design and practice. Repetitive work cycles...
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...evaluate the classical and human relations approaches of management theory. A central part of the study of organisation and management is the development of management thinking and management theory, applying theory can cause change in actual behaviour and managers reading the work of leading writers may see their ideas, attitudes and conclusions being influenced by management practise. The classical approach towards management theory was developed shortly after scientific management came into widespread use as a complementary set of ideas, as while scientific management initially focused on the micro level issue of job design, classical theory attempted to lay down guiding principles for the design and functioning of the whole organisation. The classical writers thought of the organisation in terms of its purpose and formal structure so emphasis was placed on the planning of work, the technical requirements of the organisation, principles of management and the assumption of rational and logical behaviour. This analysis is associated with the work by writers such as Taylor, Fayol, Mooney and Reiley, which will later be discussed in greater detail. The alternative approach known as human relations was developed during the 1920’s, the years of the great depression when greater attention began to be paid to the social factors at work and to the behaviour of employees within an organisation. The turning point in the development of the human relations movement came with the famous...
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...University INU 3506 Management and Organization Seminar Tutor: John Timney Name of Student: Muyi Peng Student Number: b1028149 Group: 7 Date: 15/ 3/ 2010 Word Count: 981 The systematic development of management thinking is viewed, generally, as spanning from the end of the nineteenth century with the emergence of large industrial organizations. Management theories consist of two group—classical management theory and human relations theory. In this essay, the nature of the “Classical” and “Human Relations” approaches to management will be described at first and then bring out the differences and similarities between them. The classical theory of management was formed in the early 20th century and based on a pyramid, formal structure. To be more precise, it puts an emphasis on technical requirements of the organisation, common principles as well as hierarchy of management. There are three well-established theories of classical management, such as Bureaucratic Organization of Weber, Administrative Management of Fayol and Scientific Management of Taylor. Weber features extensive and binding systems of rules, a strict hierarchical organizational structure. Fayol identified POCCC: plan organize command, coordination, control. Scientific management is a branch of the classical school of management and concentrates on the philosophies of economic rationality, efficiency, individualism as well as the scientific analysis of work. It...
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...Schools of Management Thought SCHOOLS OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT Structure 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Objectives Introduction Historical Perspective Theory in Management Classification of Management Theories Classical Management Theory 4.5.1 Scientific Management 4.5.2 Administrative Management 4.5.3 Bureaucratic Organization 4.5.4 Criticisms on Classical Management Theory 4.6 Neo-Classical Theory 4.6.1 Human-Relations School 4.6.2 Behavioural Schools 4.7 Modem Management Theory 4.7.1 Systems Theory 4.1.2 Contingency Theory 4.7.3 Organizational Humanism 4.7.4 Management Science 4.8 Other Schools of Thoughts, Styles and Approaches 4.9 Problems and Conflicts in Management Theories 4.10 Summary 4.11 Key Words 4.12 References and Further Reading 4.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to • know the historical development of schools of management thought; • explain what a theory in management is; • outline the classification of management theories; • describe important schools of management, their contributions and limitations; • elaborate problems and conflicting issues in management theory; and 4.1 INTRODUCTION In the preceding three units of this block you have learnt various scientific principles of management, management functions and what constitutes managerial quality and leadership as propounded by management experts. In this Unit you will have a historical perspective of management approaches or thoughts. The block in toto will set the background about various...
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...thutm@ftu.edu.vn Early Management • Management has been practiced for a long time. • Organized endeavors directed by people responsible for planning, organizing, leading and controlling have existed for thousands of years. Early management Adam Smith Scientific Management (1900s) General Administrative Theory (1910s) Management Theory Quantitative approach (1940s) Hawthorn Studies Behavioral science Theorists Human Relation Organizational Behaviour (1930-1950) Contemporary Views Historical background Industrial Revolution Classical Approaches • Scientific Management – Frederick W. Taylor (1856 1915) described scientific management as a method of scientifically finding the “one best way to do a job” - It emphasizes the scientific study of work methods to improve worker efficiency.’ Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 1-6 • • • • Scientific methods Training employees Cooperative Task equally assign Scientific management • 4 rules within this method of managing. • Advantages and limitation of the theory Other Classic Approaches • General Administrative Theory – focused on what constituted good management – Max Weber (pictured) described the bureaucracy as an ideal rational form of organization. Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 1-9 Henry Fayol (1842-1925) identified 5 management functions and 14 management principles • • • • • ...
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...Schools of Management Thought SCHOOLS OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT Structure 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Historical Perspective 4.3 Theory in Management 4.4 Classification of Management Theories 4.5 Classical Management Theory 4.5.1 Scientific Management 4.5.2 Administrative Management 4.5.3 Bureaucratic Organization 4.5.4 Criticisms on Classical Management Theory 4.6 Neo-Classical Theory 4.6.1 Human-Relations School 4.6.2 Behavioural Schools 4.7 Modem Management Theory 4.7.1 Systems Theory 4.1.2 Contingency Theory 4.7.3 Organizational Humanism 4.7.4 Management Science 4.8 Other Schools of Thoughts, Styles and Approaches 4.9 Problems and Conflicts in Management Theories 4.10 Summary 4.11 Key Words 4.12 References and Further Reading 4.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to • know the historical development of schools of management thought; • explain what a theory in management is; • outline the classification of management theories; • describe important schools of management, their contributions and limitations; • elaborate problems and conflicting issues in management theory; and 4.1 INTRODUCTION In the preceding three units of this block you have learnt various scientific principles of management, management functions and what constitutes managerial quality and leadership as propounded by management experts. In this Unit you will have a historical perspective of management approaches or thoughts. The block in toto will set...
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...Evolution of management thought and patterns of management analysis. Scientific management school •A theory is simply a blueprint or roadmap that guides towards achieving the goal. In other wards, it provides a systemic framework for actions. •Study of management only dates for the last century, although there has been concerns about effective management practice for over centuries Scientific management school The two earliest pioneers of management theory are: -Robert Own and -Charles Babbage Scientific management school Robert Own (1771 -1858) A British industrialist who valued the organization’s human resources. Scientific management school He advocated ideas such as, - better working condition - meals for employees - reduced working hours He claimed that people deserve more respect and dignity. Scientific management school *Charles Babbage (1792 -1871) An English Mathematician who encouraged the application of mathematics to solve efficiency problems Scientific management school His work put the basic lines of both classical and quantitative management theories. He was also the originator of modern management theory and practice The classical management theory Includes two approaches: Scientific management Classical management Scientific management Concerned with the management of work and workers. it grew from researches of five people: Scientific management *Fredrick W.Taylor(1856 -1915) He was interested in...
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...------------------------------------------------- BUSINESS REPORT ON APPLICATION OF CLASSICAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES/ RELATIONS APPROACHES ON AUSTRALIA AND N EW ZEALAND BANKING GROUP LIMITED (ANZ BANK) WE LIVE IN YOU WORLD TABLE OF CONTENT Executive summary…………………………………………………………...………5 1. Introduction…………………………………….………………………….……...6 1.1 Purpose………………..……………………………………………………..…….6 1.2 Scope…………………………………………………………………..……..……6 1.3 Methodology…………………………………………………………..…………..6 1.4 Limitations…………………………………………………………..…………….7 1.5 Assumption…………………………………………………………..……………7 1.6 Background……………………………………………………………………..…7 2.0 Classical Approaches…………………………………………………....………...7 2.1Findings……………………………………………………………………….....…8 2.2 Discussions…………………………………………………………………….…8-9 3.0 Human relation approach…………………………………………………..….....10 3.1 Human resource approach……………………………………………….....…….10 3.2 Findings ..................................................................................................................10 3.3 Discussion...........................................................................................................10-11 4. Recommendations and Suggestions………………………………………………..12 5. Conclusion………………………………………………….……………………......13 List of figures..............................................................................................
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