...Introductory Chemistry Introduction Instructor: Dr. Tao Tao Course Section: CHEM1405.6013-6014 Meeting Time: TTh 6:00pm-9:10pm Bldg 13-629 Office Hours: TTh 5:30 pm-6:00 pm Contact: tao.tao@lonestar.edu Introductory Chemistry 2 Course Material Requirements • Textbook – Introductory Chemistry, by Nivaldo J. Tro 5th edition • Chapters 1-4, 6-10, 14 • Sections, 5.6-5.10, 12.4-12.8, 13.6-13.8 • Scientific Non-programmable Calculator • Safety Goggles for Lab • Lab Coat/Apron (Optional) Introductory Chemistry 3 Evaluation and Grade • Tests: 45%; 4 tests, best of 3, no make-up unless good excuses (documented, in advance notice) • Open-book Quizzes: 10%; best n-2, no make-up • Laboratory: 25% • Final Exam: 20% • Homework: Encouraged but not mandatory • Problem Set: Provides but not mandatory • Final withdrawal day: Nov. 10th, 2014 Introductory Chemistry 4 Lab Report/Grade Guideline • Pre-lab write-up (30%): Complete before lab starts, will be checked and signed for completeness – – – – Title/Date Aim/Purpose Introduction Procedures • Lab Performance and Quality of data (25%): will be checked and signed when leaving lab – Observations – Collect and record data • Post-lab (40%) – Result (Calculations, Graphs, Interpretations etc), – Discussions/Conclusions – Post-lab questions if any • Overall Report Neatness (5%) • Report due one week after the completion of experiment for full credit; after two weeks, no report will be accepted, and no credit...
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...1.7 Review Problems 4. (a) measured during the experiment- measurand (b) Fixed throughout the experiment- parameter (c) Not controlled during the experiment- extraneous (d) Affected by a change made by the experimenter- dependent (e) Changed by the experimenter- independent 5. What is the main purpose of the scientific method? The scientific method is used mainly to validate a particular hypothesis or to determine the range of validity of a hypothesis. 6. Classify the following experiments: (a) estimation of the heating value of gasoline- explorational (b) measuring the stress-strain relation of a new bio-material- variational (c) the creation of Dolly- exploratoinal 7. An experiment is performed to determine the velocity profile along a wind tunnel’s test section using a pitot-static tube. The tunnel flow rate is fixed during the experiment. Identify the independent, dependent, extraneous, and parameter variables from the following list: (a) independent (b) independent (c) extraneous (d) parameter (e) dependent (f) dependent 1.8 Homework Problems 6. Select one of the 10 most beautiful physics experiments. Briefly explain the experiment and classify its type. Then list the variable involved in the experiment. Finally, classify each of these variables Galileo’s experiment of falling objects Drop two balls of different weights from a leaning tower and see which one will land first. The result is that two balls landed...
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...this course helped me learn more about the scientific method, atoms the chemical bonds, the importance of water, and the macromolecules. An observation is always the first step to the scientific method. Collecting data helps understand the full detail of the experiment. A hypothesis would then need to be formed. It’s the question to be studied through experiments. Experiments would need to be tested to find out your hypothesis. The results would be your overall conclusion as to whether the hypothesis is true or not. According to Mader and Windelspecht, “The atomic theory states the elements consist of tiny particles called atoms” (22). Each atom has an atomic weight. Protons have a positive charge. Neutons have a neutron charge. Electrons...
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...presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. Answer: The scientific method is the best way yet discovered for distinguioshing the truth from lies and delusions. The scientific method is just a list of steps that one needs to follow when solving a problem. The procedures for scientific methods are: a. Questions and Observation: One must observe some aspect of the universe and ask questions about it. Do research about the observation. b. Experiment and Evidence: Invent a tentative description, called a hypothesis that is consistent with what you have observed .Use the hypothesis to make guesses or predictions .Test those predictions by experiments or further observations and modify the hypothesis in the light of your results. c. Analyzing the date and draw conclusions from the experiments d. Publishing our final results into journals or a display board for other professionals to examine our scientific work. When consistency is obtained the hypothesis becomes a theory and provides a coherent set of propositions which explain a class of phenomena. A theory is then a framework within which observations are explained and predictions are made. What is the ``scientific method''?. (n.d.). What is the ``scientific method''?. Retrieved November 16, 2013,...
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...is the scientific method used to solve problems? Scientific method used to solve problems by keen observations, rational analysis, and experimentation. 2. Observation: Closely observe the physical world around you. 3. Question: Recognize a question or a problem. 4. Hypothesis: An educated guess or a reasonable explanation. When the hypothesis can be tested by experiment, it qualifies as a scientific hypothesis 5. Prediction: Consequences that can be observed if the hypothesis is correct. The consequences should be absent if the hypothesis is not correct. 6. Conclusion: Formulate the simplest general rule that organizes the hypothesis, predicted effects, and experimental findings. 7. What is the principle of falsifiability? For a hypothesis to be considered scientific it must be testable?it must, in principle, be capable of being proven wrong. 8. Fact: http://www.studyblue.com/#flashcard/view/190148 Page 1 of 9 STUDYBLUE | Flashcards | INC1 10/15/13 10:48 PM A phenomenon about which competent observers can agree. 9. Theory: A synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses well-tested hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world. 10. Law: A general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted. Also known as a principle. 11. Evidence: which serves to either support or counter a scientific theory...
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...Chemistry and Society CHM/110 Chemistry Is Everywhere Humans are surrounded by chemistry. Every product one uses on a daily basis is linked in some way shape or form to chemistry. Food, clothes, electronics, vehicles and medicines are all made up of molecules of elements. Through chemistry these elements were combined to form alloys, plastics, fabrics, liquids and gases that make up these products. Chemistry, like other sciences, relies on accuracy and precision in order to remain a reliable source of knowledge and a means for advancement of various aspects of human life. This paper will discuss the importance of accuracy, precision and the scientific method in chemistry and how these affect the lives of the average humans. Accuracy and Precision Accuracy and precision are paramount in the realm of chemistry but it is important to note that even though these two things are related they are different. According to Merriam-Webster (2012), accuracy is the degree of conformity of measure to a standard or true value. For example, if one is taking a drive that is known to be 5 miles and their GPS reflects a distance 4.9 miles travel the GPS is accurate to within one tenth of a mile. While accuracy and precision reflect how close a measurement is to a standard or true value, precision differs in that it is a reflection on how reproducible these measurements are. For example, if the same GPS from above measures 4.9 miles each time for 5 separate time then it is a reflection...
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...Does Soap Affect the Surface Tension of Water? Background: Surface tension refers to water's ability to "stick to itself". Surface tensioncan be measured and observed by dropping water (drop by drop) onto a penny. Thenumber of water drops that can fit on a penny will surprise you. Question: How does soap affect the water’s surface tension? Hypothesis: I think that the surface tension of soapy water will be less than that of freshwater because H 2 0 has strong polar bonds, and when water is mixed with soap the polar bonds which help to bind the water together are weakened, thus lessening the surfacetension. Materials: pipette, liquid soap, water, beakers, penny, graduated cylinder, paper towels. Procedure: 1. I received a beaker filled with tap water. 2. I took a pipette and filled it upwith water from the beaker. 3. I began to add drops of water to a penny, which was headsup, every one second from a height of ½ centimeter and counting how many drops I had put on it. 4. After I added the drop that caused the water to flow over, I recorded howmany drops stayed on the penny, and I then dried the penny with a paper towel. 5. Irepeated steps two through four, four times. 6. I took 100 ml of water and poured it into a beaker. 7. I got 3 ml of soap. 8. I added the 3 ml of soap to the beaker and stirred thesolution 40-50 times with a fresh pipette. 9. I filled the pipette with the soapy water solution and began to start adding drops of the solution to the same penny, from...
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...Student Sheet Name: AMALISE CUBERO Instructor’s Name: Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 1 Lab Report Title: Understanding the Scientific Method: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Instructions: Based on the virtual experiment, you will answer some questions and write a 1-page lab report using the scientific method. When your lab report is complete, submit this document to your instructor in your assignment box. Using what you learned on the lab animation, answer the following questions: • Define a hypothesis that is suggested by the data that are collected in the lab. It was predicted that the intensity of light exposure that was given to the Pacific Ocean’s Seaweed, will increase the rate of photosynthesis however none the less but at a specific moment of exposure it will not yield to a quicker process. The goal is to figure out what moment in time this would be and if this is a repeatable conducive. • What effect does the intensity of light have on the rate of photosynthesis (measured as the number of oxygen bubbles)? • The Hypotheses given in the lab shows the increase in light concentration, an accelerated photosynthesis process went on with the 0-watts to 100-watts. The average number of bubbles in the 0 watt study was 2 bubbles in 1 hour. After the increase of a 25 watts had went up to 5 bubbles in the 1hour. With the increase of another 25 watts equaling to 50 watts now the number of bubbles increased once again to 11 bubbles...
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...1. A media piece I found for the scientific method is a song that is used in science classrooms. It’s a very basic song that goes step by step about the scientific method that a student in grade school or high school could understand. It goes through the steps of the scientific method in probably the simplest way possible. Although it is very basic it still gets across the necessary parts that are needed to create a hypothesis and designing an experiment. It helped me to understand the scientific method better because it was simpler than anything that I had read so far. It was very easy to understand and just gave me another way to learn the scientific method. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA86dYxrg4Q 2. To understand the basic chemistry concepts that are involved in biology I found an article that is used as a resource for teachers. It explains that in order to understand biology you also need to understand some basic chemistry. The article states that, “Biology is about living things - organisms. All living organisms are made of chemicals.” The article goes on to describe specific individual concepts needed in the basic understanding of chemistry such as atoms, molecules and different types of bonds. The article makes it easier to see how involved chemistry is when dealing with biology concepts. Laying out basic parts of chemistry and describing its role in biology makes it less confusing and makes it easier to grasp each concept without getting overwhelmed. ...
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...oBiology Study Guide Exam No.1 Chapters 1-6 Chapter 1: Scientific Study of Life * The Cell is the basic Unit of life. * An Organism is a living individual and consists of one or more cells The levels of Biological Organization are (smallest to largest): * Atoms = The smallest chemical unit * Molecule = Group of joined atoms * Organelle = Membrane bounded structure that has a specific function within a cell * Tissue = Collection of specialized cells that function in coordination * Organ = Structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions * Organ System = Organs connected physically or chemically that function together * Population= A group of the same species of an organism living in the same place and time * Community = All populations that occupy a region * Ecosystem = Living and non-living components in an area * Biosphere = Parts of a planet and its atmosphere where life is possible When the levels of Biological properties work together they create new and complex functions called Emergent Properties Biologists divide organisms into 3 categories based on their source of Energy and raw materials * Producers (Autotrophs) = Make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from non living sources. Ex: The sun * Consumers (Heterotrophs) = Obtain energy and nutrients by eating other Organisms Ex. US * Decomposers (AKA Heterotrophs as well) = Obtain energy and nutrients...
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...of chemicals are composed of atoms and molecules. The agricultural industry uses this knowledge to determine weaknesses and strengths in the crops they grow to determine yields. For instance a farmer may be having a problem growing a certain crop due to a deficiency of a needed element. I work for a company that provides needed elements for this industry. Verdesian Life Sciences provides nutrient based products for farmers. Accuracy and precision are concepts of great value to be successful. The products we provide must be accurate and precise to our claims regarding the guarantee analysis. Accuracy is the degree of closeness to true value based on a single factor or measurement. Precision is the degree to which an instrument or process will repeat the same value based on multiple measurements. Example will be the guaranteed analysis of a product that provides nitrogen, phosphate and potassium. When you test the product you are testing for the accuracy of the claim, however the precision is the result of using the product multiple times. Scientific method is a series of steps to prove a theory based on analysis from an actual experiment. We start with a question and based on our knowledge we form a hypothesis for the best answer. To prove or disapprove the hypothesis we must lay out a procedure to prove our theory with actual experiments. The data from the experiments is analyzed to determine the conclusion. We use the scientific method every day from daily choices to life choices...
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...What Is Life? Read each statement. Write a 100-word summary explaining how that media piece supports that statement and include reference citations. 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. [pic] 2. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that recognizes the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistry affect biology. [pic] 3. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that describes the energy metabolism of cells. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand the energy metabolism of cells. [pic] 4. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that compares structures and functions of different cell types. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better compare structures and functions of different cell types. [pic] 5. Discuss what life means to you after completing questions 1–4. [pic] ----------------------- This video...
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...BASIC STRUCTURE OF SCIENCE Biology has evolved as a field of science since it was first studied in ancient civilizations Science is a process that requires the testing of ideas using evidence gathered from the natural world. Science is iterative in nature and involves critical thinking, careful data collection, rigorous peer review, and the communication of results. Science also refers to the body of knowledge produced by scientific investigation. SCIENTIFIC METHOD Refers to the working habits of practicing scientist. Involves rigorous application of common sense to the study and analysis of data. Refers to the model for research developed by Francis Bacon (15611626) SCIENTIFIC METHOD a. Observations - lead to questions that require answers. b. Hypothesis - a testable statement proposed to answer a question. c. Experiments - (often with controls and variables) are devised to test hypotheses. d. Analysis of the results of an experiment will lead to the hypothesis being accepted or rejected. SCIENTIFIC REASONING Inductive Reasoning from specific observations to broader generalization & theories. “bottom-up” approach Ends up developing some general conclusion or theories Observation - Patterns - Hypothesis - Theory Deductive Reasoning work from a more general to more specific “top-down” approach leads us to test the hypothesis with specific data - confirmation (or not) of our original theories. Theory – Hypothesis...
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... Explain the purpose of taxonomy. Define and explain the term emergent properties. Define metabolism. Define is homeostasis. Briefly explain the concept of natural selection and how it relates to evolution. Identify the basic taxa of organisms. Identify the kingdoms of the Domain Eukarya and explain their differences. What is meant by the term biodiversity and why is it an important concept in biology? What is meant by the term ecosystem? Identify and explain the steps of the scientific method. Explain the difference between a scientific theory and a nonscientific theory. In a scientific experiment what is the difference between the control group and the experimental group? Explain the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning. Define matter. Define element and identify its basic structural components. Explain the difference between atoms and molecules. Identify and explain the basic structure of an atom, including the electron shell. Explain the difference between the terms atomic number and atomic mass. List the 6 main elements that make up the weight of living things (organisms). Identify and discuss some beneficial uses of radioactive isotopes. Explain why atoms are considered to have a neutral charge whereas ions are not. If electron “A” is located farther away from the nucleus than electron “B” which is considered to be in the higher energy...
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...Name: Quincey Jones II Date: 1/12/14 Instructor’s Name: Assignment: SCIE207 Phase 1 Lab Report Title: Using Scientific Method Instructions: You will need to write a 1-page lab report using the scientific method to answer the following questions: • Define a hypothesis that is suggested by the data collected in the lab. • Complete a lab report using the scientific method. When your lab report is complete, post it in Submitted Assignment files. Part 1: Using the lab animation, fill in the following data tables to help you generate your hypothesis, outcomes, and analysis: Table 1: Maize Yield From Arable Soil |Amount of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization (kg per 100 |Yield of Maize (mg of dry mass per 100 acres per year) in | |acres) |Arable Soil | |0 |8 | |20 |10.7 | |40 |13 | |60 |15.2 | |80 |16.4 | ...
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