...The prolific period of scientific discoveries encompassing the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was later named "the Scientific Revolution". Historians have used that label because this expression implies that these scientific discoveries had a revolutionary effect on European societies, which were regulated by Christianity. However, different conclusions can be drawn in addressing the impacts of these scientific discoveries on the basic beliefs of Christianity in the Western world by 1800: in what ways was the place of humankind at the centre of the universe rejected? To what extent was God no longer the unique reference as regards ethics? How could Christian followers still believe in an afterlife paradise? Scientific discoveries in the...
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...The Scientific Revolution and the Birth of Astronomy Many people today question the purpose of religion and, rather than warship the bible and adhere to papal infallibility, focus on coming up with new ideas, scientific approaches, and solutions to answer the infinite amount of questions life has to offer. Challenging the ideas found in tradition and religious faith is not a new concept invented by recent generations. In circa 1550 AD, one of the most dramatic social transformations ever faced by human nature came and with it brought a new-founded age of Science. It altered the way society perceived life and led to many innovations. This social transformation is known as the Scientific Revolution, and in it spawned new generations of philosophers,...
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...“Nature is our kindest friend and best critic in experimental science if we only allow her intimations to fall unbiased on our minds” -Michael Faraday Knowledge of science is an ever-growing tree as it never stops and advancements are always made. The scientific revolution is an example of a period of major growth in scientific advancements, starting at the end of the Renaissance and ending near the late 18 century. However, the expansion of scientific knowledge did not stop at the end of the scientific revolution. There were many scientific discoveries in the 19th century contributing to the understanding of physics and chemistry. Scientific discoveries in the 1800s greatly improved on the existing knowledge of physics and chemistry such...
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...The Rise Of The Scientific Revolution Sir Isaac Newton once said, “Plato is my friend, Aristotle is my friend, but my greatest friend is truth” (“Cambridge University Library - Newton Exhibition”). Truth really matters when it comes to the church telling lies and people believing their whole life. The Scientific Revolution started due to people questioning the church's ways. People did not agree with just believing the way the church said and have no reason to believe. It affected society by allowing more travel and new inventions to start a movement of creation known as the enlightenment. People started to realize the church used them for power and old them lies to get money and they stepped away lowing the power of the church sand starting...
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...European Scientific Revolution Over the centuries, Europe has always migrated, expanded, and advanced because society has had a mindset of never having enough. As populations grew resources became more scarce, and history has shown that whenever land, goods, or capital become limited. Society tends to transform to overcome these types of obstacles, for instance, Europe experienced the "Scientific Revolution." This historical event occurred around c. 1500-1750 that conceived new approaches, tools, and knowledge in new subjects to define life. The Scientific Revolution era not only enhanced individuals but society underwent advancement which signifies how significant this historical event is because it furnished "a fundamental change," establish...
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...STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS BY THOMAS KUHN (A Reaction Paper) Submitted by: RIO KRISTINE MAY B. SILVESTRE Submitted to: DR. CARMELA N. HADIA When I learned that one of our reaction papers will be about Thomas Kuhn’s ‘Structure of Scientific Revolutions,’ I immediately searched through the internet what this article or book is about. Opening one of google’s link, I saw it was a book and (the story) looked very long. I thought to myself, ‘Oh, no! This is going to be a very long and boring read.’ And I knew I will not be able to finish reading it and give a reaction in a week so I looked for a summary of the book, instead. And there were a lot done by different people/organizations. From the various summaries I read, I found the book interesting because it was not a conventional science book. Yes, it talked a lot about science but the paradigm shift that Kuhn wrote about got my interest. The ‘scientific revolutions’ were true and believable and somehow, I agree with them. Science, or normal science as Thomas Kuhn put it, is the process of gathering facts to build hypotheses that explain different phenomena in the world. It is a ‘research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice.’ And this is the science that almost everybody knows. This is the science I know. I couldn’t care less what those...
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...paul.lynch@strath.ac.uk Alison Morrison University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom ABSTRACT This paper locates developments in hospitality research, notably relating to hospitality studies, in the context of Kuhn’s (1962) evolution of scientific theory. The paper highlights the development of the ‘hospitality lens’ by Lashley, Lynch and Morrison (2007) and suggests it can facilitate the study of hospitality in any social situation from a strengthened social scientific perspective. It is argued that the study of hospitality should be not just for understanding hospitality but also society itself. Such an approach is suggested as both logical and healthy for the subject development with adoption of more critical perspectives on hospitality. The considerable implications of adopting a ‘new’ hospitality research agenda are described with reference to the conceptualization of hospitality, the nature of research and the research community, subject implications including journal publication outlets, and the higher education context. Keywords: Hospitality lens; ‘new’ hospitality; subject development. INTRODUCTION This paper moves beyond any pre-occupation with the vocational roots of hospitality higher education debate as it is considered that that debate has had its day. Rather, the content is framed within the discourse commenced by Kuhn (1962) who argues that the evolution of scientific theory does not emerge from the straightforward accumulation of facts, but rather from a set of changing...
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...Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier Antoine Lavoisier known as the “Father of Modern Chemistry,” a French noblemen who made influential contributions to the world of both Biology and Chemistry. Lavoisier was a natural philosopher in the late 18th century, this was during the Chemical Revolution. He played a role in the conversion of Chemistry from a qualitative to a quantitative science. Some of his many contributions to Science include; the first chemistry book, extensive list of elements and naming Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon. Lavoisier made a vast mark on the world of Science resulting in advancements in better understanding the natural world. Lavoisier was born in Paris, France on August 26, 1743 to a wealthy Paris family. His father Jean-Antoine Lavoisier, was a Parisian lawyer in the Paris Parliament. He was married to Émilie Punctis, the daughter of an affluent family due to their butchery business. His mother died at the age of 5 and left him a large amount of riches. Through the ages 11 and 18 he attended school at Marzarin College, here he studied the general subjects. During his final two years he studied the sciences in depth, his interest in science was encouraged by geologist Jean-Étienne Guettard. This was a professor whom he had gotten close to, later on he would go on to collaborate with on a geological survey. Lavoisier was always interested in Science and Mathematics but instead influenced by his father he followed his family’s wishes and began his career in the study...
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...Toni Howard Mrs. Arnold Revolutions December 20, 2014 Galileo Galilei’s Legacy Today Galileo Galilei, a man ahead of his time, began the scientific revolution. He challenged accepted theories of his day causing conflict among multiple religious leaders, making Galileo a powerful figure in all of science. Most commonly known for his astronomical observations, he also made significant contributions in the areas of physics, philosophy, and mathematics. He destroyed Aristotle’s geocentric idea that the earth was the center of the universe, and he proved with a collection of evidence that his heliocentric idea was right about the sun being the center of the solar system. Although this breakthrough triggered problems for himself, including house arrest until he died, he was seen as a fearless man not scared to show off what he believed in. Looking at Galileo Galilei’s early life as a scholar, researcher, and inventor, we are able to see the contributions he made to multiple sciences and how his legacy still is continuing today. Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy on February 15, 1564. He was the first child of 7 from his father Vincenzio Galilei and his wife Giulia. Vincenzio wanted the best for Galileo so he began his education with a private tutor until the family moved to Florence in 1574. Galileo then attended the monastery of Santa Maria Vallombrosa, where he spent his time learning alongside Camaldolese monks. By the age of 17, his father suggested that he would further...
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...Scientific Management - Scientific Management This essay will critically evaluate the scientific management’s importance and its contribution in the current management context. In this era of rapid economic development and industrial expansion of different nations, scientific management has enabled every nation to be involved in this global market. Scientific management is the theory which serves as the ‘backbone’ to many current management theories. Scientific management will be briefly described initially. After that, the essay will identify why scientific management is an important contribution to management theory when Frederick Taylor proposed it.... [tags: Business Employee Management] 1639 words (4.7 pages) $19.95 [preview] Scientific Management - Scientific Management Fredrick Taylor, the father of scientific management. He had a firm belief in "one best way" (Samson & Daft, 2003), of doing something. In the year 1899, Taylor held an experiment that involved German and Hungarian men, whose job involved some very heavy-duty work (Gabor, 2000). To his disappointment, men either refused to work, or wouldn't work to his expectations. The men hated him utterly; to the extent he required security when going home (Gabor, 2000). In his entire dilemma with his employers, in stepped Schmidt, a man not of intelligence but had the strength of a bull and an ox-like mentally required to reach the standards of Fredrick Taylor.... [tags: Taylorism Business Management Essays] ...
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...malnuwin@gmail.com. Abstract: Mobile robots are becoming a common sight nowadays. This paper expresses the design and simulation of a programmable mobile servant robot that can be built at a minimum cost. It has four wheels for movement. It is capable of moving forwards and backwards. It is able to serve food and drink to customers in the restaurant. Depends on the desire design of a mobile servant robot, it is used two DC motors for motion control. As the driving system of DC motors, L298 motor driver and microcontroller technology are used in the controller. For the design analysis of motor driving system, PIC16F887 is used and it was implemented by using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. The driving circuit for the robot is designed and it should be synchronized such that the locomotion of both wheels is executed simultaneously. The entire operation can be made closed loop with the help of feedback circuitry using incremental encoder. Keywords: DC Motor, Incremental Encoder, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Programmable Servant Robot. I. INTRODUCTION Servant robots are intelligent and helpful agents. They decrease the workload of human beings and directly improve human lifestyle. Currently, there are a lot of ways of serving to customers. For instance, waiter serving system (conventional), conveyor belt serving system (Japanese style), self-carrying system (fast food), pen-and-paper selfordering system, etc. These systems are made in...
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...Global Warming: Fact or Fiction Abstract The purpose of this paper is to educate U.S. Congress on the facts and unreliable theories of the progression of global warming. What is global warming? The topic of global warming has been met with much controversy over the past several years. What is it, does it exist, and do the facts support the claims of greenhouse gases and high levels of CO2 created by emissions from fossil fuels. Or is there another explanation for the radical weather changes, which have increased severe storms, flooding, droughts and other extreme patterns across our great nation that has claimed many lives. In the following paragraphs we will analyze, and introduce information that can be used to evaluate the claims of global warming and the effects on our universal weather patterns, as well as introduce theories of others that indicates that global warming may not exist and isn’t a problem at all. Outline Thesis statement: 1. Background on global warming. A. Facts that support global warming does exist. 1. Analysis of research criteria done by NASA on the existence of global warming. 2. Additional information that substantiates claims that global warming is a fact. B. Seasonal changes and weather patterns linked to early migration and breeding. 1. Industrial Revolution CO2 levels associated with burning of fossil fuels, A. Changes in weather patterns and rising temperatures. B. Elucidation on the process...
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...Dumes Day Photo’s The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded to Albert Arnold Gore Jr. and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their “efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change and to lay the foundation for the measures that are needed to counter act such change” (nobelpeace.org), through the documentary An Inconvenient Truth. Al Gore has been on the front lines of the war on global warming, and in his words declares that “we should prepare against other threats besides terrorism” (Gore, 2006). In this documentary Gore cites a variety of scientific methods used to convince the public of the devastating effects of global warming. One of these scientific methods used to support his point is the use of photographs to demonstrate the destruction caused by global warming in places such as Mount Kilimanjaro. In this specific instance he informs the viewer that “within the decade, there will be no more snows of Kilimanjaro,” (Gore, 2006) and uses a photo taken 30 years ago compared to a photo taken in 2005 to illustrate this statement. Researchers and Scientists must reframe from using photographs as supporting evidence for their findings on global warming, because photographs have only been in existence since 1826, photographs can be altered, and they evoke powerful emotive effects on the viewer that are not based on facts. After many attempts and many failures, “[t]he first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph Niephore...
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...Introduction: Historical definition: Modern or broad definition: Taylor’s objective in hindsight had the best intentions of creating a ‘mental revolution’ in society. It was good for the economy, increasing output, efficiency, profits, and wages. However his scientific principles worked and are still applied today in modern organizations. Therefore there are a lot of good and strong aspects in Taylorism theory applied in production, service and knowledge industry’s which is practiced in todays organizations-structure, rules, data collection analysis, performance reports, time deadlines. Taylorism has been very strong in the Industrialization of the BRIC economies, their economies-GDP-are expanding at a very high rate. China has a GDP growth of 7% to 12% during the GFC. However a social cost is cheap labour, de-skilling, disempowerment , silence and marginalization of workers. The issue is will there be structural and social change in China? Will there be a revolution one day against the system and the scientific principles of the government? There is definitely the rise of the middle class whom are wealthy and are diversifying to other parts of the world? Why? Are they unhappy living in China? Answers to these questions can imply that Taylorism has also a dark side, an extreme if taken over its full capacity. Forces of greed, selfishness, disassociation , non caring, non well being can also be prevalent. GOOD ASPECTS OF TAYLORISM ‘Toyota Motor Corporation in...
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...Human resource management consists of all the activities undertaken by an enterprise to ensure the effective utilization of employees toward the attainment of individual, group, and organizational goals. It consists of practices that help the organization to deal effectively with its people during the various phases of the employment cycle, including pre-hire, staffing, and post-hire. Human resource has a historical background since ancient times. Traditional HR it separate functions such as staffing, training and development, compensation, safety and health, and labor relations were created and placed under the direction of human resource manager or executive. Large firms might have had a manager and staff for each HR function that reported to the HR executive. The HR president worked closely with top management in formulating corporate policy. Today, HR tasks are often performed differently than they were even decade ago. “As more and more companies use alternative means to accomplish HR tasks, the role of traditional HR manager has changed. HR is now involved more in strategic HR, focusing more on the bottom line of organization and leaving the more administrative tasks to technology or others”, Mondy, R., & Mondy, J. (2012). Human Resource Management, page 39. It has reached its peak in approach and structured practices. There has been a vast change in the implementation compared to system followed at earlier days. Although field of HRM is a comparatively recent...
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