...Scoliosis | Dr. Wright Cell Physiology MSC115-71 April 4, 2013 | Johanna Casanova | Scoliosis is just one of many problems in the human body that does not discriminate against anyone. This common disorder can develop at the beginning of puberty during childhood stages and can progress to more serious problem as the child grows. According to Medline Plus, scoliosis can be legally defined as being a sideways or lateral or “S” shaped curve of the spine also known as your backbone that is part of the skeletal system whose cause is unknown (Mayo Clinic). It is a spinal disorder that can be affected by any individual’s growth process at any given point during the first twenty years of life. The spine can be developed and identified between two different structures. Structural means it is associated with neuromuscular disorder, congenital, or idiopathic or nonstructural as in a spine that is structured normally but with a lateral curvature. Both structures can only be determined by the seriousness of the deformity of the spine, location, direction, and even the cause as to what provoked the spine from becoming more abnormal than it should be (Larson 392). The spine can be characterized by twenty-six bones that associated with ligaments, tendons, and muscles that emerge from the skull and extend down to the lower back. A spine is developed to be able to help support the back of the body which supports movement...
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...Scoliosis is being diagnosed to more than three million patients per year in the United States. Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine. Whoever suffers from scoliosis has their backbone curve to the side. The angle of the curve may be small, large or somewhere in between. It can form a “c” or a “s” into someone's back. The curve that forms a “c” or a “s” may not directly look at the spine but one way is to notice the way someone is standing. The way someone is standing is very important because it will let you know whether they have scoliosis. There are three different type of scoliosis. The first one is called nonstructural scoliosis which is when your spine works normally but looks curved. This happens because such one legs being...
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...Scoliosis is an abnormal curve of the spine, or backbone. Each of us spine are naturally curves a bit. But people with scoliosis have a spine that curves too much. The spine might look like the letter “C” or “S”. Most of the time, the cause of scoliosis is unknown. This is called idiopathic scoliosis. It is the most common type and it is grouped by age. In children 3 years old and younger, it is called infantile scoliosis. 4 to 10 years old, it is called juvenile scoliosis. 11 through 18 years old, it is called adolescent scoliosis. Scoliosis most often affect girls than boys. Some people are more likely to have curving of the spine....
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...Scoliosis is a disorder that has plagued a large portion of the human population for the greater part of human history. Many have wondered how this haunting disease can come about, what can be done to prevent its onset and what can be done to cure it. This paper will examine believed causes of scoliosis and their types. It will explore the various types of scoliosis and their causes. Lastly, it will analyze methods of diagnosis and treatment, along with general recovery time. Scoliosis is a disease of the spine that is recognized as a 10 degrees of greater side to side curvature of the spinal cord. (E) Doctors all around the world have not yet found a medication to treat scoliosis, nor have they found a way the onset of the disease can be...
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...column and the sacrum. I chose to write about scoliosis. The part of the axial skeleton that is affected depends on the severity of the curve in scoliosis. In mild, non-serious cases of scoliosis, only the vertebral column is affected. This is usually in the thoracic region specifically. In severe cases of scoliosis other regions begin to be affected such as the ribs. Lastly, in extreme cases, scoliosis can affect your sternum which consequently causes internal issues as well. The significant symptom of scoliosis is the curvature of the spine, this can be apparent with the naked eye or seen with a simple physical exam. Other symptoms can include uneven shoulders, waist or height, and ribs could be uneven at different heights. The symptoms can cause pain, low physical action, depression and overall reduce the quality of life for the patient....
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...Exam #3 Pediatric Review Questions 1. Spastic cerebral palsy is characterized by what? 2. Are there any drugs that can decrease spasticity in a child? How would you respond to a parent asking this question? 3. What is a myelomeningocele? 4. Which problem is often associated with a myelomeningocele? 5. What is the most common problem of a child born with a myelomeningocele? 6. What is a recommendation to prevent neural tube defect? 7. How much folic acid is recommended for women of childbearing age? 8. What position do you place a neonate in to feed that has had a myelomeningocele repair? 9. What advice about the diet would you give a parent who has a child with a latex allergy? 10. What are appropriate nursing interventions for a child with latex allergies? 11. What are the clinical manifestations of a child with spinal muscular atrophy (Werdnig-Hoffman disease)? 12. What is the management plan for a child diagnosed with pseudohypertrophic (Duchenne) muscular dystrophy? 13. Therapeutic management of a child with tetanus includes the administration of what medication(s)? 14. Select all that apply: care of a child after a spinal cord injury would include what nursing interventions? 15. How does immobilization affect the metabolism? Increase or decrease the metabolism? 16. How does immobilization affect the cardiovascular system? It causes…. 17. What can result from the bone demineralization associated with immobility? 18. What would you do for a child who has...
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...My Sister's Back Surgery When I was 14, my younger sister, who was 12 at the time, had surgery on her spine to treat her scoliosis. For those unfamiliar with scoliosis, it is "a sideways curvature of the spine"(Mayo Clinic., 2017). Most cases of scoliosis are mild, and only need to be monitored by a physician annually. My sister was not one of these cases. She had Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which is a type of scoliosis that develops during puberty. According to Scoliosis Association (2015), Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis "results in the spine curving sideways and twisting at the same time. This twisting can pull the ribcage out of position, often leading to a hump on one side of the ribs.". My sister's back was severally curved, almost...
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...Congenital anomalies of the Cervical Spine are very rare and the findings of them are only incidental, because they are usually asymptomatic. These abnormalities are very important for either vascular surgery in the neck region or in cases of intravascular disease and cerebral aneurysms. (1) Congenital vertebral anomalies can lead to spinal deformity and scoliosis. Nevertheless they are relatively rarely seen in the cervical vertebrae. (3) In 2009, the case of Tracey Edwards, my mother, she went to the doctor with left shoulder pain. Dr. Greg Wood confirmed she had an osteophytic disk complex on the left at C4-5. While going through the work-up for the surgery she had a CT, MRI and Myelogram. Throughout these exams they were looking for anything that would be causing her discomfort. But, what the Radiologist found was that she had an anomalous vertebral artery on the right at the level of C4 with medialization in the C4 vertebral body. My mother’s anomaly was the first one Dr. Wood had ever seen in one of his patients at this time. After her...
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...The fig3 shows a set of lung CT images in JPEG format of size 512 x 512 is considered for study of the system Fig3 lung image There is a presence Gaussian noises in the lung image because of human breathing there are different filters are used to remove the Gaussian noise. Mainly three different filters are used to remove the Gaussian in lung images. The SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).is gets calculated. The better filter chooses by SNR value. Table1 Noise Comparison Table Image Name Gaussian Filter Median Filter Wiener Filter 1 3.9DB 3.2DB 4.9DB 2 3.4DB 3.5DB 4.8DB 3 3.9DB 3.3DB 4.8DB 4 4.0DB 3.0DB 4.9DB 5 3.5DB 3.4DB 4.8DB 6 3.7DB 3.3DB 5.0DB 7 3.6DB 3.2DB 4.8DB 8 3.3DB 3.3DB 4.6DB 9 3.7DB 3.5DB 4.8DB 10 3.9DB 3.1DB 4.9DB The lung regions of the denoised CXRS images are separated from the rest of the anatomical structures by applying graph cut segmentation operations as shown in fig4 Fig4 segmented lungs EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS The output of image processing is to find the TB was shown to an experienced radiologist and based on his feedback, the number of true positives (TP), true negatives (TN), false positives (FP), and false negatives (FN) were counted. Lung classified by the system as normal/abnormal classified as positive by the expert are true positives. Nodules classified by the system as normal/abnormal and classified as negative byte expert are false positives. The performance measures of the system such as specificity...
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...Kyphoplasty Recovery Time Thinning of the bones of the spine (vertebrae) due to osteoporosis can cause painful compression fractures. Surgical treatment (kyphoplasty) may be needed for this type of condition. It involves injection of a special kind of cement into the vertebrae. If that sounds scary, you might also wonder about kyphoplasty recovery time. Read on to know more about this surgical procedure. Part 1: Kyphoplasty Recovery Time Kyphoplasty is done to treat pain caused by compression fracture of the spinal bones. This minimally invasive procedure is often used in patients with osteoporosis of the backbone. Aside from relieving pain, it also aims to stabilize the spine and to restore height to the bones, which is reduced due to compression. A special type of bone cement is injected into the broken vertebrae through a narrow tube that enters the back. The procedure is guided by imaging devices, so there is minimal injury to the tissues. The cement hardens quickly and pain decreases rapidly. Kyphoplasty recovery time occurs within a few days and most patients are able to return to their usual activities quickly. However, bone specialists say that it takes about 12 weeks for the vertebrae to heal completely after kyphoplasty. Hospital Discharge Right after the procedure, you will be monitored for 2-3 hours in the recovery room before you are finally discharged from the hospital. You will be advised to move carefully during kyphoplasty recovery time. If you experience...
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...Background and purpose: Spondyloarthropathy (SpA) is a rare inflammatory arthritic condition misdiagnosed due to its presentation of similar diagnoses. The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the physical therapist’s capability to differentially diagnose SpA with a thorough examination and evaluation of the clinical findings. Case Description: The patient is a 48-year-old Caucasian male who presents with pain and a progressive loss of mobility bilaterally in the neck and shoulders over the past two years in addition to a ten-year history of chronic low back and neck pain. The outcome measure utilized was the neck disability index (NDI). The physical therapist evaluated the patient for physical therapy, differentially diagnosed the patient and referred him to a rheumatologist due to the concern of atypical findings. The diagnosis was cervical spondyloarthritis (SpA). Confirmation of the diagnosis was found based on a positive HLA-B27 antigen, spinal arthritis, increased levels of c-reactive proteins, and enthesis. Treatment consisted of diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory drug, and injections of adalimumab. Outcome: Six months after patient’s evaluation with the physical therapist, the patient reported an improvement in pain and no change in mobility in the neck and shoulders. His Neck Disability Index (NDI) improved from 13/50 to 10/50. His pain decreased to a 0/10 at rest and 3/10 at worst. Discussion: Medical treatment and physical therapy intervention have revealed...
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...Moving at the speed limit, your insured managed to cross not one, but two lanes before slamming into my client at a perpendicular angle. Consequently, this incident produced several notable injuries. These injuries include lacerations, nerve damage, rib damage, and invariably scoliosis.[ (www.finechiropractic.com/scoliosis.html) Can a Car Accident Cause Scoliosis? “If a person has never been checked for scoliosis and has a car accident and then shows signs of scoliosis, one may infer that the car accident caused the scoliosis.” ] Likewise, the “eggshell plaintiff” law rules that even if the client was symptomatic (scoliosis) prior to the collision, the defendant must take the plaintiff as is.[ (Rideau v. Los Angeles Transit Lines (1954) 124 Cal.App.2d 466, 471 [268 P.2d 772]) “The tortfeasor takes the person he injures as he finds him. If, by reason...
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...Uthra Ramachandran I am a determined and devoted student who has always been excelling, but during my 8th-grade summer, something happened to me that changed my life and high school years dramatically-I was diagnosed with Scoliosis. This was not an easy journey. Initially, I was alarmed and frustrated. I was given a brace and exercises to do to help me get better. The stress from all this annoyed me and made me irritable and angry all the time, but through the help of loved ones, I could get over the condition. Two people that are dear to me helped me get through this tough time, forever changed my life and helped me progress significantly. My dad gave me the guidance and help I needed no matter what the cost. Even if I did not...
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...Dextroscoliosis: This describes the spinal curve which is to the right, dextro meaning right. This type usually occurs within the thoracic spine and is the most common type of curve. The most common regions are the thoracic scoliosis which is the curvature in the middle part of the spine near the chest area. It can be found to occur in its own so it forms a C shape or in some cases a double curve can occur so the curve can bend in the opposite direction in the lower spine and so forms an S shape. Levoscoliosis: This describes the spinal curve to the left, levo meaning left. This may occur in the the lumber scoliosis which is the lower part of the spine, it rarely occurs within the thoracic spine which may indicate that there is a high probability that scoliosis maybe secondary to a spinal cord tumour. In which case it is important that an MRI scan and a thorough diagnosis by a physician is carried out. -...
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...Wednesday, was one of the days we 4th year students were waiting for: Scoliosis Screening!! This yearly event was held at Gen. M. Hizon Elementary School, and we were to assessed grade 5 students, whether if they have scoliosis or not. This event offers us an opportunity to enhance our skills as we apply the lessons we’ve learned in our previous subjects and also, it gives us an opportunity to be outside the school, our comfort zone, learning outside of it and helping those in need. On our way to Gen. M. Hizon, we were thinking on how we will make our discussion lighter, easy to understand, on a “chill” classroom setting. As we wait for our designated room, we felt excited and also, nervous. Excited because we will be able to meet different kids with different personalities; we will be able to teach them what scoliosis is and proper ways to prevent its progression; and this is our first time to be the one who is in charge of giving knowledge. Nervous, because since it is our first time, there were no professors telling and guiding us that what we were doing was correct or not. We were nervous because what if we were giving them the wrong information. However, as time draw near, we pushed through our doubts and we’re confident that we will be doing and saying the right things and do our very best. We entered the room we were assigned to with readiness and confidence. We introduced ourselves, discussed scoliosis, assessed if they had one, taught them simple exercise, gave food as...
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