...MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Study material COMPLEMENTARY COURSE For I SEMESTER B.COM/BBA. (2011 Admission) UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION CALICUT UNIVERSITY P.O. MALAPPURAM, KERALA, INDIA - 673 635 409 School of Distance Education UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION Study Material COMPLEMENTARY COURSE I SEMESTER B.COM/BBA Managerial Economics Prepared by: Module I, II, V(A) : Sri. M.V. Praveen, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Commerce, Govt. College Madappally. Module III, IV & V (B) : Sri. Vineesh A.K., Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Govt. College, Madappally. Dr.K.Venugopalan, Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Govt. College, Madappally. © Reserved Edited & scrutinized by : Managerial Economics-I Sem.B.Com/BBA 2 School of Distance Education CONTENTS MODULE PARTICULARS PAGE NO. 5 12 33 42 1 II III IV INTRODUCTION DEMAND CONCEPTS PRODUCTION MARKET STRUCTURES AND PRICE OUTPUT DETERMINATION PRICING POLICY AND PRACTICES BUSINESS CYCLE V (A) V (B) 60 66 Managerial Economics-I Sem.B.Com/BBA 3 School of Distance Education Managerial Economics-I Sem.B.Com/BBA 4 School of Distance Education MODULE I INTRODUCTION Introduction The term “economics” has been derived from a Greek Word “Oikonomia” which means „household‟. Economics is a social science. It is called „social‟ because it studies mankind of society. It deals with aspects of human behavior....
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...MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Study material COMPLEMENTARY COURSE For I SEMESTER B.COM/BBA. (2011 Admission) UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION CALICUT UNIVERSITY P.O. MALAPPURAM, KERALA, INDIA - 673 635 409 School of Distance Education UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION Study Material COMPLEMENTARY COURSE I SEMESTER B.COM/BBA Managerial Economics Prepared by: Module I, II, V(A) : Sri. M.V. Praveen, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Commerce, Govt. College Madappally. Module III, IV & V (B) : Sri. Vineesh A.K., Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Govt. College, Madappally. Dr.K.Venugopalan, Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Govt. College, Madappally. © Reserved Edited & scrutinized by : Managerial Economics-I Sem.B.Com/BBA 2 School of Distance Education CONTENTS MODULE PARTICULARS PAGE NO. 5 12 33 42 1 II III IV INTRODUCTION DEMAND CONCEPTS PRODUCTION MARKET STRUCTURES AND PRICE OUTPUT DETERMINATION PRICING POLICY AND PRACTICES BUSINESS CYCLE V (A) V (B) 60 66 Managerial Economics-I Sem.B.Com/BBA 3 School of Distance Education Managerial Economics-I Sem.B.Com/BBA 4 School of Distance Education MODULE I INTRODUCTION Introduction The term “economics” has been derived from a Greek Word “Oikonomia” which means „household‟. Economics is a social science. It is called „social‟ because it studies mankind of society. It deals with aspects of human behavior....
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...Managerial Economics : Definition, Nature, Scope Managerial economics is a discipline which deals with the application of economic theory to business management. It deals with the use of economic concepts and principles of business decision making. Formerly it was known as “Business Economics” but the term has now been discarded in favour of Managerial Economics. Managerial Economics may be defined as the study of economic theories, logic and methodology which are generally applied to seek solution to the practical problems of business. Managerial Economics is thus constituted of that part of economic knowledge or economic theories which is used as a tool of analysing business problems for rational business decisions. Managerial Economics is often called as Business Economics or Economic for Firms. Definition of Managerial Economics: “Managerial Economics is economics applied in decision making. It is a special branch of economics bridging the gap between abstract theory and managerial practice.” – Haynes, Mote and Paul. “Business Economics consists of the use of economic modes of thought to analyse business situations.” - McNair and Meriam “Business Economics (Managerial Economics) is the integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating decision making and forward planning by management.” - Spencerand Seegelman. “Managerial economics is concerned with application of economic concepts and economic analysis to the problems of formulating...
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...Since the late 19 century, British economic relatively declined and its growth rates first fell behind its foreign competitors, such as US and Germany. On the other hand, US became the world’s leading industrial nation before the World War I. It is a fascinating topic that many authors has been trying to unlock this secret. Chandler (1990) has provided his framework of analysis, and he tries to prove that it is the large-scale, managerial enterprises provide countries like US, Germany with international competitive organisational capabilities. From US’s case, managerial enterprise has contributed to the success of leading economics; however, only to a small extent it can be applied in differing national circumstances. There are enormous lacks in Chandler’s analyse. Moreover, different countries have different situation and management characteristics. Managerial enterprises can be applied successfully in US, but it probably can’t be applied successful in nations with different circumstances. In this essay, Chandler’s (1990) study on managerial enterprise will be introduced, and also critically analysed by considering the enterprises and industries in UK, US, Germany and Japan. Firstly, this essay is going to introduce Chandler’s framework of analyse on managerial enterprise, and present how it contribute to German and US’s economic success by referring cases in different industries. This is followed by discussions on the weakness of Chandler’s analysis by referring to other authors’...
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...Fundamentals of Managerial Economic Theory Managerial economics is the science of directing scarce resources to manage cost effectively. It consists of three branches: competitive markets, market power, and imperfect markets. A market consists of buyers and sellers that communicate with each other for voluntary exchange. Whether a market is local or global, the same managerial economics apply. Managerial economics applies to Businesses (such as decisions in relation to customers including pricing and advertising; suppliers; competitors or the internal workings of the organization), nonprofit organizations, and households. The “old economy” and “new economy” in essentially the same way except for two distinctive aspects of the “new economy”: the importance of network effects and scale and scope economies.[1] i. network effects in demand – the benefit provided by a service depends on the total number of other users, e.g., when only one person had email, she had no one to communicate with, but with 100 mm users on line, the demand for Internet services mushroomed. ii. scale and scope economies – scaleability is the degree to which scale and scope of a business can be increased without a corresponding increase in costs, e.g., the information in Yahoo is eminently scaleable (the same information can serve 100 as well as 100 mm users) and to serve a larger number of users, Yahoo needs only increase the capacity of its computers and links. A seller with...
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...Table of Contents Managerial Economics: Bridging the gap between economic theory and business practice Introduction 3 Definition 3 Economic Theory Vs. Managerial Theory 4 Decision-making 6 Scope of Managerial Economics 6 Positive versus Normative Economics 7 Positive Economics 7 Normative Economics 7 Examples Demonstrating How Managerial Economics Translates Economic Theory into Business Practice 9 Demand Analysis and Forecasting 9 Cost and Production Analysis 10 Inventory Management 10 Advertising 11 Pricing Decision, Policies and Practices 11 Profit Management 11 Capital Management 12 Responsibilities of a Managerial Economist 13 Conclusion 15 Gadgets International: A Case Study Nature of the Case Study 16 About Gadgets International (GI) 16 Market/Industry Structure 17 Firm’s Objectives 19 Using Economic Theory to Attain Gadgets International’s Organizational Goals & Objectives 19 Optimal Output Level & Pricing Strategy 19 Inputs and Costs 22 Accommodating Change 24 Promoting Growth 25 Conclusion 26 Managerial Economics Bridging the gap between economic theory and business practice Introduction The science of Managerial Economics has emerged only recently. With the growing variability and unpredictability of the business environment, business managers have become increasingly concerned with finding rational and ways of adjusting to an exploiting environmental change. Managerial economics generally refers to the integration...
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... |Credit | |1. |Business Statistics |3 | |2. |Operations & Optimization Research |3 | |3. |Economics for Managerial Decision Making – II |2 | |4. |Management Information System & KM |2 | |5. |Human Resource Management |2 | |6. |Financial Management |2 | |7. |Executive Communication |6 | |8. |National Economic Planning – I (Presentation Only) |2 | |9. |National Economic Planning - II |2 | BUSINESS STATISTICS (As per University Syllabus) UNIT 1. BUSINESS STATISTICS - WHAT AND WHY? INTRODUCTION • Definition of statistics • Five stages of statistical investigation - Collection...
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...F.Y.B.A. Paper – I Economic Theory (Micro Economics-I) SECTION – I Module 1 : Introduction Meaning, nature, scope, significance and limitations of micro economics. Ceteris Paribus – use and significance. Concept and types of equilibrium : stable, unstable, static and dynamic equilibrium – partial equilibrium and general equilibrium, positive economics and normative economics, managerial economics. Basic concepts – wealth, welfare and scarcity. Basic tools of economics analysis (equations and functions, graphs and diagrams, slope and intercepts) Module 2 : Consumers Behaviour and Demand Marishallian Approach : Equi-marginal utility, Law of demand – Determinants of demand. Elasticity of demand and its measurement. Price – Income – Cross and Promotional elasticity of demand. Consumer’s Surplus. Hicksian Approach : Indifference curves – properties of Indifference Curve, Consumer’s Equilibrium, Price effect, Income effect and substitution effect – Derivation of demand from Price Consumption Curve (PCC) – Giffen’s paradox. Samuelson Approach : Revealed Preference Theory. Module 3 : Production and Cost Analysis Concept of production function : short run and long run – Cobb – Douglass production function. isoquants – iso-cost line – producer’s equilibrium. Law of variable proportion and Law of returns to scale – Economies of scale – Economies of scope. Concepts of costs : Money and real cost, Opportunity cost, Social cost, Private cost – Derivation of short run and long run cost curves–...
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...C H A P T E R 1 The Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics chief of Omaha, W arren E. Buffett, the renowned chairman andstartedexecutive officerpartnership Nebraska-based Berkshire Hathaway, Inc., an investment with $100 in 1956 and has gone on to accumulate a personal net worth in excess of $30 billion. It is intriguing that Buffett credits his success to a basic understanding of managerial economics. Berkshire’s collection of operating businesses includes the GEICO Insurance Company, Buffalo News newspaper, See’s Candies, and the Nebraska Furniture Mart. They commonly earn 30%–50% per year on invested capital. This is astonishingly good performance in light of the 10%–12% return typical of industry in general. A second and equally important contributor to Berkshire’s outstanding performance is a handful of substantial holdings in publicly traded common stocks such as The American Express Company, The Coca-Cola Company, and Wells Fargo & Company. As both manager and investor, Buffett looks for ‘‘wonderful businesses’’ with outstanding economic characteristics: high rates of return on invested capital, substantial profit margins on sales, and consistent earnings growth. Complicated businesses that face fierce competition or require large capital investment and ongoing innovation are shunned.1 Buffett’s success is powerful testimony to the practical usefulness of managerial economics. Managerial economics answers fundamental questions. When are the characteristics of a market...
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...ITM UNIVERSITY UPARWARA, NEW RAIPUR Syllabus for MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION EFFECTIVE FROM THE SESSION: 2012-2013 Semester –I ITM UNIVERSITY, NEW RAIPUR Master of Business Administration Semester –I List of subject for Academic Session 2012 – 13. Serial No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. List of Subjects Principles of Management Managerial Economics Financial Accounting Environment Management Quantitative Techniques Business Legislation Communication Skills- I Computers for Managers ITM UNIVERSITY, RAIPUR Master of Business Administration Subject: Principles of Management Semester-I Unit I Introduction - Nature, function, definition and importance of management, Definition, nature, purpose and scope of management, Functions of a manager, an overview of planning, organizing, staffing leading and controlling. Is management a science or art? Unit II Development of Management Thought - Scientific management; Contribution of Taylor, Fayol, Mary Follet, Elton Mayo; Hawthorne experiments, Contingency approach, Indian heritage in production and consumption. Management and administration, Management as a profession, Professionalism of management in India, Management ethics and management culture, Skills required of manager, Classification of skills, Methods of skills development. Unit III Management Planning - Concept of planning, objectives, Nature, Types of plan, Stages involved in planning, Characteristics of a good plan, Importance, Limitations of planning, Making...
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...Alfred DuPont and Carol Remsay Chandler. He was an American known as an economic historian who reformed the writing of business history and has added greatly to our understanding of corporate organization's critical role in economic development and died on May 9 in Cambridge, Mass and he was 88. Even though he was busy with administrative duties since he began at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1950 as a research associate until he become chairman of the Historical Advisory Committee of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1969, a post he held until 1977, he still find time to write and one of his famous achievement was his book The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business which is the conclusion of his point of view on the operation of American business and earned the Pulitzer and Bancroft prizes in 1978. Moreover, he wrote The Essential Alfred Chandler: Essays toward a Historical Theory of Big Business (1988), and his Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism was written with the assistance of Takashi Hikino (1990). Scale and Scope was hailed as an imperative historical reference covering three-quarters of the twentieth century. Alfred Chandler contribute on management and as business historian he studied the management from a historical perspective and see the business firms in the environmental context including social, cultural, legal, political, and economic in which they operate. In result of Alfred Chandler’s recent passing...
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...Syllabus-MBA (Hospital Administration) PAPER – I: BASIC CONCEPT OF HEALTH -Code MHA 101 Concept of Health and Disease • Concept of health & disease and well being. • Natural history of disease and role of hospitals to offer various levels of care • Prevention aspect of diseases • Dynamics of disease transmission • Changing pattern of diseases • Concept of health indicators Preliminary Human anatomy and Physiology • Basic concepts of human anatomy • Basic concepts of human physiology Suggested Reading: Human Anatomy- Prof. Samar Mitra Human Anatomy- Prof. A. K. Dutta Text Book of Human Physiology- Dr. C. C. Chatterjee Common Pathological Conditions • Basic concepts of pathogenesis of common diseases • Basic concepts of interpretation of investigations reports Suggested Reading: Robbin’s Textbook of Pathology – Robbin, Cotran, Kumar Textbook of Microbiology – Ananantanarayan & Paniker Basic concepts of Pharmacology: Commonly used Medicine in a hospital, Narcotic drugs, use and abuse of drugs. Dispensing of medicine, Drugs store, drug stock / purchase of medicine, oxygen, I/V Fluid, Chemicals etc. Suggested Reading: Textbook of Pharmacology: Dr. K. D. Tripathi PAPER – 2: Hospital Based Healthcare & Its changing scenario-Code MHA 102 Overview of Hospital • Concept of Modern Hospital & Privatization in Health Sector • Public Sector Hospitals and Level of care / offered facilities ...
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...take into consideration all the factors that affect strategic planning and management. Corporate management is the process of leading, administrating and directing a company. Business tasks often performed by corporate management might include strategic planning, and managing company resources and applying them with a focus on attaining the company’s objectives. Expansion of global business space of an organization or a company can lead to amid challenges in its operations hence the need for change in corporate strategic management. For instance, the Equity Bank in Kenya was a local corporation initially but in the recent years, it has expanded its scope to other countries and states e.g. Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This has led to the need for changes in its corporate operations due to large scope. Thus, it is true that its expansion has resulted in various changes; these include; change in strategic management, change in business planning, change in controlling and financial management, change in marketing management, change in logistics, change in production management, total productive maintenance, quality management and change in human resource management. Thus, the objectives of the Equity Bank have currently changed to that of international agenda. In this report, I want to analyze how the following concepts have direct effects on globalization I. How the global mindset of a manager affects the...
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...Regional Strategy Final Exam Professor Robles Jin Won Jeong Dec 12, 2014 1. Regional Strategy: According to the readings for session #1, a very few multinationals are truly global. a. What are the bases for the claim that most multinationals are regional? The primary bases for the claim that most multinationals are regional are first the extraction of revenue by many “global” multinationals is confined to a region as opposed to the entire world, and second the similar market environment within certain region makes regionalization much more practical than globalization. First, Revenue generation in terms of geographic location is limited to specific regions or area, oftentimes geographically proximate regions. Rugman’s research uses the term home country to refer to the phenomenon that the home country diamond among countries in the same region is more similar to one another than the diamonds between a country in home country region and foreign country region. Therefore, adjacent markets are more likely to be similar to one another in in terms of business environment than home and foreign markets. More specifically, referring to the table 1 in the Rugman’s research, amongst fortune 500 firms, many have much higher intra-regional sales than foreign sales. This means that truly global, having penetrated the global market, multinationals are not common. Second, similar market environment within certain regions makes the exchange of products and services take...
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...KAPURTHALA Scheme and Syllabus of Masters in Business Administration (MBA) Batch 2012 onwards By Board of Studies Business Administration Punjab Technical University Scheme of (MBA) Batch 2012 Onwards First Semester Course Code Course Title Load Allocation L T P 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 3 28 1 1 1 1 2 2 7 - Contact Hours: 36Hrs. Marks Distribution Internal 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 280 External 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 50 470 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 750 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 750 Total Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 750 Credits MBA 101 MBA 102 MBA 103 MBA 104 MBA 105 MBA 106 * MBA 107 * MBA 108 Principles and Practices of Management Organizational Behaviour Accounting for Management Quantitative Techniques Managerial Economics Business Communication Information Technology for Management Viva Voce Total Course Title 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 37 Credits Second Semester Course Code Contact Hours: 34 Hrs Load Marks Distribution Allocation L T P Internal External 4 1 40 60 4 1 40 60 4 4 4 4 3 27 1 1 1 1 6 40 40 40 40 40 280 60 60 60 60 60 50 470 MBA 201 MBA 202 MBA 203 MBA 204 MBA 205 MBA 206 BTHU 101* MBA 207 Business Environment Production and Operation Management Human Resource Management Marketing Management Financial Management Research Methodology Human Values and Professional Ethics Viva Voce Total Course Title 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 35 Credits Third Semester Course Code Load Allocation L T P 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 27 1 1 1 1 1 6 Marks Distribution Internal 40 40 40 40...
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