...Class lectures on Approaches to management Prof. A. Akkas A number of experts offered ideas which became the basis for the development of management as a field of knowledge. There are many approaches to management. * Classical viewpoint. The classical era covered the period from about 1900 to the mid 1930s. * It is a perspective on management that emphasizes finding ways to manage work and organization more efficiently. Classical approach * It highlights the need for a scientific approach to management. * Emphasizes the potential importance of pay as a motivator. * Classical viewpoint is made up of three approaches- * Scientific management, * Administrative management and * Bureaucratic management. * Advantages and Benefits of the Classical Management Theory * Classical management theory was introduced in the late 19th century. * Widespread in the first half of the 20th century, as organizations tried to address issues of industrial management, including specialization, efficiency, higher quality, cost reduction and management-worker relationships. * Hierarchical Structure * One of the advantages of the classical management structure is a clear organizational hierarchy with three distinct management levels. * Each management group has its own objectives and responsibilities. * The top management is usually the board of directors or the chief executives who are responsible for the long-term goals...
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...Marketing in China Before the reforms, under the command economy, Chinese companies took order from the state in production and push the products through state-controlled distribution systems. They never had to advertise, to do consumer research, and to think about marketing strategies. For years, even after the opening and reforms, many Chinese still consider marketing western concept of a dubious practice, something that may be not valid or applicable in China. Marketing proves to be one of the most challenging parts of China operations, perhaps more so than other areas such as accounting, finance, or research & development. For several reasons, First, infrastructure in marketing is underdeveloped, including transportation systems, media development, labyrinth of multi-tier distribution channels, and the severe shortage of qualified marketing personnel. Firms attracted to the longterm potential of this vast country must remember to pay sufficient attention to the basics of producing, distribution and marketing a successful product (Country Commercial Guide 1998), Marketing Strategies In the early 1980s when MNCs first came to China, many thought of China as a huge market with a homogeneous culture and felt standardized global marketing would be effective in capturing the opportunities and improving efficiency. These feelings were confirmed by the desire of Chinese to acquire western technologies and their fascination with products from the West. After living in an economy...
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...users do not receive an email with login credentials. After some troubleshooting, it was found that some of the users were not made “active” when being created and another users email was mistyped. All other users that did not receive an email were “Reset” and the users received the email. I now assisted the PLU’s concern of needing to change her password every time she accessed the admin page. This was the first I had heard of this, so I “reset” her account. After the user used the link in the email to reset her password, she was able to access her account without issues. I thought this was an isolated issue until I received: SF-160503 at 3/22/2017 1:19 PM from SD: 3-8 Hi, I've had to reset my password each time I attempt to log in to SDSA site. It will not recognize the password that it was set to if I navigate away from the site, and attempt to log in again. Is there a way to set the password so I don't have to do this? I did not have to do this with last year's Questar site. My user name is DTC-21303. I think this is happening to main level users who are “accessing an account for the first time”. This SF ticket will be escalated to JIRA after more information can be gained about how the user originally created their password, and how they have been resetting the password. This is not specific to NY. I am waiting for a call back from this client to gain the necessary information. I am curious who escalated the issue you have described for “Intermittent Login bug for...
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...MY NUTRITION by [Student’s Name] [Class Name] [Teacher’s Name] TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: 1 Part One THE DATA 2 part two Dietary Analysis 10 Part Three analysis and reflection 11 Part four making changees CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION: This project is about my eating lifestyle and I will discover if it's healthy or unhealthy lifestyle and I am going to search for the good way to change my diet to healthy one. Healthy foods keep the body operating and our diet show us how all of our cells grow, from our organs to our blood to our skin. When you eat vitamin- and mineral-rich foods PART 2 - DATA ------------------------------------------------- day one Saturday (18-11-2013) Today I had: Breakfast: A brown sandwich with low fat slice cheese and a cup of tea (with 1.5 spoon of fruit sugar). Snack: Banana. Lunch: a bowel of green salad with spoon of red beans and feta cheese. Snack: Watermelon. Dinner: chicken curry with half slice of Indian bread (naan). ------------------------------------------------- day two Today I had: Breakfast: A brown sandwich with low fat slice cheese and a cup of tea (with 1.5 spoon of fruit sugar). Snack: Banana. Lunch: a bowel of...
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...Chapter One INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The concept of quality has existed for many years, though its meaning has changed dramatically and evolved over time. In the early twentieth century, quality management meant inspecting products to ensure that they met specifications. In the 1940s, during World War II, quality became more statistical in nature. Statistical sampling techniques were used to evaluate quality, and quality control charts were used to monitor the production process. In the 1960s, with the help of so-called “quality expert,” the concept took on a broader meaning. Quality began to be viewed as something that encompassed the entire organization, not only the production process. Since all functions were responsible for product quality and all shared the costs of poor quality, quality was seen as a concept that affected the entire organization. Before the dramatic change, quality was still viewed as something that needed to be inspected and corrected. To survive, companies had to make major changes in their quality programs. Many hired consultants and instituted quality training programs for their employees. A new concept of quality was emerging. One result is that quality began to have a strategic meaning. Today, successful companies understand that quality provides a competitive advantage. They put the customer first and define quality as meeting or exceeding customer expectations. Competition based on quality has grown in importance and has generated...
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...CURRICULUM REVIEW Search using the ref: 00045-2007DOM-EN Copies of this publication can also be obtained from: DfES Publication PO Box 5050 Sherwood Park Annesley Nottingham NG15 0DJ Tel: 0845 60 222 60 Fax: 0845 60 333 60 Textphone: 0845 555 60 Please quote ref: 00045-2007DOM-EN ISBN: 978-1-84478-883-5 PPSLS/D35/0107/14 © Crown Copyright 2007 Produced by the Department for Education and Skills Extracts from this publication may be reproduced for non commercial education or training purposes on the condition that the source is acknowledged. For any other use please contact HMSOlicensing@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk DIVERSITY & CITIZENSHIP You can download this publication or order copies online at: www.teachernet.gov.uk/publications Diversity and Citizenship Curriculum Review Review Group members Sir Keith Ajegbo retired in July 2006 as Headteacher of Deptford Green School, a multiethnic school with a strong reputation for Citizenship education. He is currently working as a coach on the Future Leaders Project, as a School Improvement Partner, and as an education consultant for UBS. He is also a Governor of Goldsmiths College and a trustee of the Stephen Lawrence Trust. Dr Dina Kiwan is a Lecturer in Citizenship Education at Birkbeck College, University of London. Previously she was seconded to the Home Office as the Head of Secretariat to the Advisory Board for Naturalisation and Integration (ABNI), carrying forward the implementation...
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...CoNTE j\:\PORA.R'f Contents Foreword Preface iii v Chapter 1 The Cold War Era 1 Chapter 2 The End of Bipolarity 17 Chapter 3 US Hegemony in World Politics 31 Chapter 4 Alternative Centres of Power 51 Chapter 5 Contemporary South Asia 65 Chapter 6 International Organisations 81 Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World 99 Chapter 8 Environment and Natural Resources 117 Chapter 9 Globalisation 135 Chapter 1 The Cold War Era OVERVIEW This chapter provides a backdrop to the entire book. The end of the Cold War is usually seen as the beginning of the contemporary era in world politics which is the subject matter of this book. It is, therefore, appropriate that we begin the story with a discussion of the Cold War. The chapter shows how the dominance of two superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, was central to the Cold War. It tracks the various arenas of the Cold War in different parts of the world. The chapter views the NonAligned Movement (NAM) as a challenge to the dominance of the two superpowers and describes the attempts by the non-aligned countries to establish a New International Economic Order (NIEO) as a means of attaining economic development and political independence. It concludes with an assessment of India’s role in NAM and asks how successful the policy of nonalignment has been in protecting India’s interests. The end of the Second...
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...Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress Professor Joseph E. STIGLITZ, Chair, Columbia University Professor Amartya SEN, Chair Adviser, Harvard University Professor Jean-Paul FITOUSSI, Coordinator of the Commission, IEP www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr Other Members Bina AGARWAL Kenneth J. ARROW Anthony B. ATKINSON François BOURGUIGNON Jean-Philippe COTIS Angus S. DEATON Kemal DERVIS Marc FLEURBAEY Nancy FOLBRE Jean GADREY Enrico GIOVANNINI Roger GUESNERIE James J. HECKMAN Geoffrey HEAL Claude HENRY Daniel KAHNEMAN Alan B. KRUEGER Andrew J. OSWALD Robert D. PUTNAM Nick STERN Cass SUNSTEIN Philippe WEIL University of Delhi StanfordUniversity Warden of Nuffield College School of Economics, Insee, Princeton University UNPD Université Paris 5 University of Massachussets Université Lille OECD Collège de France Chicago University Columbia University Sciences-Po/Columbia University Princeton University Princeton University University of Warwick Harvard University London School of Economics University of Chicago Sciences Po Rapporteurs Jean-Etienne CHAPRON General Rapporteur Didier BLANCHET Jacques LE CACHEUX Marco MIRA D’ERCOLE Pierre-Alain PIONNIER Laurence RIOUX Paul SCHREYER Xavier TIMBEAU Vincent MARCUS INSEE INSEE OFCE OCDE INSEE INSEE/CREST OCDE OFCE INSEE Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. SHORT NARRATIVE ON THE CONTENT OF THE REPORT Chapter 1: Classical GDP Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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