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ТЪРСЕЩИ МАШИНИ (ТЪРСАЧКИ)

Принцип на действие и видове

Търсещите машини (търсачки) са средства за търсене, които позволяват намиране на информация по зададени от потребителя термини (ключови думи).

Съставени са от три компонента:

1. “Робот” или “спайдер”, Интернет търсачките използват роботи (crawlers) /специализирани програми/, които индексират /търсят и събират информация/ в интернет, сайт след сайт, страница по страница. Как става това? Когато роботът на някоя търсачка посети web страница той прочита нейното съдържание (индексира), след което следва хипервръзките и така намира страница след страница. Вероятността интернет търсачките да намерят даден интернет сайт е по-голяма, ако много други сайтове съдържат връзки към него.

2. Индекс, или база-данни, съдържаща копие от всяка страница (пълния текст или сведения за заглавие, ключови термини и др. информация), обходена от робота. Има търсачки, които индексират пълния текст на документа, т.е. всяка дума от този текст може да бъде търсеща – ако се зададе в полето на търсене, този документ ще бъде повикан в резултатите(Excite, Alta Vista, Google, HotBot, Infoseek, WebCrawler). При други търсачки роботите регистрират само заглавие, подзаглавни данни, анотации, или просто първите няколко реда от текста, които носят информация за темата на документа. (Lycos, ALIWEb, Galaxy,WWW search, Magelan).

3. Механизъм за търсене, който позволява на потребителя да въведе интересуващите го понятия, да търси в тази база-данни и да получи списък от адреси на сайтове по интересуващата го тема. При първото поколение търсачки подреждането им става най-често според честотата на срещане на думите от запитването. Във второто поколение търсачки резултатите обикновено се подреждат по честота на посещаемост от други потребители и по брой на направени хипервръзки към тях. Най-отгоре в списъка ще появят най-популярните и

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