1a. The Spanish scholar, Juan Gines de Sepulveda justifies the Spanish conquest and rule over the Native Americans because they are superior. He claims that Spanish Catholics are like adults compared to the religions of the American Indians. Sepulveda argues that they have the right to rule over them because they are savages without any humanity or self control, unlike the religious, merciful, and civilized. The Spanish saw it as their duty and right to rule over the primitive Indians.

1b.As a result of believing their religious superiority, the Spanish implemented the encomienda system. The encomienda system was a design for creating large plantations that would be worked by American Indian slaves. The slaves were provided to citizens who …show more content…
The Second Great Awakening was a resurgence of religious fervor in Americans beginning in the late-1700s and continuing into the mid-1800s. The shift of focus in religion to camp meetings and saving souls brought to the clergy not only a mission to improve themselves, but to improve their communities as well. The role of women in the home and denial from formal work or wages led to a movement led by women to improve their communities. Drinking was extremely heavy in the early to mid 19th century, with drunkenness causing many problems in factory productivity and an increase in domestic violence. The temperance movement in America worked to curb or completely prohibit alcohol consumption out of a religious motivation, much like the Puritans. The message of community improvement and religious activism made alcohol an easy target for the Second Great Awakening.

4b. Temperance was victorious through the growing political power of the American Temperance Society. Quickly after its establishment in Boston, thousands of local groups formed across the country where people could pledge to stop drinking and spread pamphlets about the sins of alcohol. One major victory for the temperance cause was the Maine Law of 1851, which made it illegal to manufacture and sell alcohol in the state of Maine. Although the laws did not last very long before being repealed, many other states created similar