...There is no real risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke. The effect of secondhand smoke on individuals is hard to measure, however several studies have recognized an increase in respiratory conditions and lung cancer. According to Christian Heiss article in the Journal of American College of Cardiology, secondhand smoke increases a person’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease which is also a major public health concern. (Heiss) Even a very brief exposure to secondhand smoke can begin to have effects on the cardiovascular system and interfere with the normal functioning of the heart. When secondhand smoke is breathed in the platelets in the blood get sticky and may form clots which could lead to a heart attack. (U.S.) The risks...
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...Associate Program Material Appendix G Introductions and Conclusions As you begin to write the rough draft of your paper, think critically about how you might draw your readers’ attention in a compelling way. Consider how to create a rapport with the audience. For example, what areas of agreement may already exist between you and your readers? What does your audience need in order to make them interested in your topic? Types of Introductions One way to draw in the audience is to grab readers’ attention with the introduction. Consider opening your paper in one of the following ways: • Tell a story or an anecdote. If you have personal experience in this area, tell a story about yourself or someone you know. Example: Last year, approximately 3,400 adult nonsmokers died from lung cancer due to secondhand smoke. • Provide a short, famous quotation. Example: “It's easy to quit smoking. I've done it hundreds of times..” – Mark Twain (1835–1910) • Write as if your position will argue the other side of the topic. Example: Smoking is not illegal and is still a right for Americans to exercise. • Ask a question. Example: Are you aware that secondhand smoke is now a known cause of cancer in humans? • Share an interesting point about the subject. Example: Smoke from cigarettes can linger in the air for hours, even after a smoker extinguishes the cigarette. Besides attracting a...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix I Introductions and Conclusions As you begin to write the rough draft of your paper, think critically about how you might draw your readers’ attention in a compelling way. Consider how to create a rapport with the audience. For example, what areas of agreement may already exist between you and your readers? What does your audience need in order to make them interested in your topic? Types of Introductions One way to draw in the audience is to grab readers’ attention with the introduction. Consider opening your paper in one of the following ways: • Tell a story or an anecdote. If you have personal experience in this area, tell a story about yourself or someone you know. Example: Last year, approximately 3,400 adult nonsmokers died from lung cancer due to secondhand smoke. • Provide a short, famous quotation. Example: “It's easy to quit smoking. I've done it hundreds of times..” – Mark Twain (1835–1910) • Write as if your position will argue the other side of the topic. Example: Smoking is not illegal and is still a right for Americans to exercise. • Ask a question. Example: Are you aware that secondhand smoke is now a known cause of cancer in humans? • Share an interesting point about the subject. Example: Smoke from cigarettes can linger in the air for hours, even after a smoker extinguishes the cigarette. Besides attracting a reader’s...
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...Health Research and Designs Kimberly Mongold HPR 460 Analysis of Health Research Instructor: Sarah Howell September 07, 2014 Health Research and Designs This paper is in regard to a cross-sectional study that was used to estimate the prevalence of tobacco consumption and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in private cars, commercial vehicles and taxis in the city of Barcelona in Spain (Curto, A., Martínez-Sánchez, J., & Fernández, E. (2011). “Cross sectional studies are the best way to determine prevalence and are useful at identifying associations that can then be more rigorously studied using a cohort study or randomised controlled study. Although they are quick and easy, they do not allow for the distinction between cause and effect” (Mann,C.J., 2003). Although most cross sectional studies are done using questionnaires, in this case the use observation to collect their data. The purpose of this study was to research the health effects from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in in private cars, commercial vehicles and taxis. The sample size was 2442 private cars, commercial vehicles and taxis on 40 public roads. There were two main variables, total tobacco consumption ,either by the driver or the passenger, and SHS exposure. This study provided an estimation of smoking in some types of vehicles and highlighted the need for public health measures that would be aimed at reducing tobacco consumption in private cars, especially in the presence of children...
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...Secondhand Smoke: The Invisible Killer An I-Search Paper March 22, 2011 What I Already Know “You don't have to be a smoker for smoking to harm you.” This was my first introduction to secondhand smoking when my teacher in high school told me once about the topic. As I was listening, I was astonished when I heard the health problems I will get from breathing in other people's smoke. It is said that non-smokers who breathe in secondhand smoke take in nicotine and other toxic chemicals just like smokers do. It’s surprisingly unbelievable, that the health risks I would get from secondhand smoke are the same with the actual smokers. Some say it’s even harmful for the secondhand smokers than the actual ones. Smokers are everywhere. Indeed, I have friends who smoke. Everytime I'm with them, I want to tell them to stop smoking since I know it's not only their health that are being put at risk. They told me it's hard to stop smoking once you've started doing it. I'm bit curious about their answers. Is it that hard? I wonder if they care about the people around them who's affected by their wrongdoings. And as a non smoker, I’ve been exposed to other people’s cigarette smoke at many times. I feel a little of anger to smokers because I can still remember the words of my teacher. Knowing that my health is at risk just because of other people wrongdoings is alarming. As I want myself to stop them to smoke, I...
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...within the article were if healthcare professional’s knowledge increases with use of the training, if participating in the online training impacts healthcare professionals, confidence and practice related to secondhand smoking, and if the changes were maintained (Jones & McEwen, 2015). Each of these answers indicate an outcome based evaluation. The evaluation approach used consisted of a mix between outcome evaluation, impact evaluation, and goals-based approach. The evaluation was widely focused on the outcome of the training and its effects on the healthcare professionals and their knowledge. However, the evaluation also had a goal of increasing knowledge of healthcare professionals and posed questions regarding that increased knowledge. Similarly, the evaluation was also focused on looking at the impact that the training had on the healthcare professionals. Accordingly, the evaluation consisted of an outcome evaluation with a mixed approach. The evaluation questions within the research article were specific and clear to the reader. Within the article there were three specific questions posed, “(1) does knowledge increase as a result of...
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...DANGERS OF SECONDHAND SMOKE ____________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course Communication Arts II ____________________ By Julienne TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….. II. NATURE OF SECONDHAND SMOKE…………………………………………….. III. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SECONDHAND SMOKE…………………….... A. Cotinine…………………………………………………………………………... B. Carcinogens………………………………………………………………………. 1. Carbon Monoxide……………………………………………………………… 2. Cyanide……………………………………………………………………….... IV. TYPES OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………………………….. A. Mainstream Smoke………………………………………………………………… B. Sidestream Smoke…………………………………………………………………. C. Thirdhand Smoke………………………………………………………………….. V. EFFECTS OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………………………. A. Cancers…………………………………………………………………………… 1. LungCancer………………………………………………………………….. 2. Breast Cancer ……………………………………………………………….. B. Effects in Cardiovascular System………………………………………………… 1. Coronary Heart Disease……………………………………………………… 2. Stroke…………………………………………………………………………. 3. Other Heart Disease………………………………………………………….. C. Effects in Respiratory System…………………………………………………….. 1. Asthma………………………………………………………………………... 2. Irritation of Respiratory Tract………………………………………………… D. Effects in Neurological System……………………………………………………. 1. Dementia………………………………………………………………………. E. Effects During Pregnancy…………………………………………………………. F. Effects to Children…………………………………………………………………...
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...Katie Smith Shaniquewa Jackson Mr. High Research Paper 3-19-12 Why America Should Ban Smoking Tobacco has been around for more than four hundred years and is still very popular as of today. Millions of Americans smoke cigarettes, cigars, and other tobacco products on a daily basis that is harmful to the body. However, smoking has become one of the biggest controversies in today's society. This personal experience clearly shows that smoking needs to be banned. “Gail Routh worked as a flight attendant for nearly twenty-seven years. Routh was a nonsmoker all her life, but after working in contact with secondhand smoke on airplanes she contracted lung cancer. Gail Routh sued the tobacco industry for lung cancer and bronchitis that was linked to the expose to secondhand smoke (Hudson, 2004).” In 1964, the United States Surgeon General declared that smoking was bad for one's health and was related to lung cancer. Therefore, smoking should be banned in all public places to prevent contracting lung cancer from first or second hand smoke, enable those with lung conditions to be able to hold jobs in places that they would not be able to because of the smoke in the air, and help businesses keep their employees safer while generating more revenue, which in turn would save thousands of lives each year. Tobacco use kills nearly 470,000 Americans each year and is among one of the leading causes of preventable death. Smoking is also legal at the age eighteen in the United States; however...
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...people, you already know that smoking is bad for your health. But do you really understand just how dangerous smoking really is and how it can be also deadly for non smokers too? Do you know that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year smoking causes about 6 million deaths which is about 10% of all deaths and 0.6 million of these occurring in non smokers too due to second hand smoke? Do you know that smoking is considered as the greatest cause of preventable death globally? Since stopping smoking can be an extremely difficult process, understanding exactly how smoking harms your body and people around you can help keep you motivated to end that habit. So in our research we are going to talk about smoking health problems and second hand smoke. Literature review: Male and female smokers lose an average of 13.2 and 14.5 years of life, respectively. [1] About one half of long term male smokers will die of illness due to smoking. A person's increased risk of contracting disease is directly proportional to the length of time that a person continues to smoke as well as the amount smoked. However, if someone stops smoking, then these chances gradually decrease as the damage to their bodies repaired. A year after quitting, the...
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...Hennessey, The purpose of this essay is to make my readers aware of the harm cigarettes can do to a person’s body. I also want to make my reader aware that without second hand smoke a person body can be healthier. Smokers should take inconsideration that not everyone wants to smell the smoke or suffer the consequences from second-hand smoke. What I have learned that second-hand smoke can do more damage to your body then I was aware of. I felt like smoking should be completely banned in public places but after researching this assignment I changed my view. I changed and said it should be banned in some places rather then all public locations. The difficulties I encounter with this essay were over citing my sources. I had a hard time putting my own words into my paper with out thinking it was plagiarism. On the opposing view section of my paper I had over citied and going back to add my common knowledge in that section was difficult. I enjoyed learning new history and information on this assignment. I also enjoyed reading what the opposing side said about banning smoking in public places. I choose to write about this topic because it hits close to home. I have an aunt and an uncle who had passed away due to the effect of smoking. I have a husband who also smokes and the doctor constantly tells him he needs to quit. I always wondered why people would take on such a nasty habit that is not only killing them but the people around them. This assignment...
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...Little did they know that the tobacco plant would eventually be rolled into a piece of filter paper, added to other harmful substances, and turn into one of the largest health addictions mankind has ever faced. It was not until the two World Wars of the 20th century, where the fad of cigarette smoking skyrocketed (“The History of Smoking”). During the period of the World Wars, medical research was still in its infancy stages and no corollary was established between cigarette smoking and its adverse health effects. It was not until 1964, when the United States Surgeon General stated that cigarette smoking was directly linked to lung cancer (“The History of Smoking”). This is when the government decided it was the best to intervene since the safety of its citizens was at stake. In today’s day and age, cigarette companies have expanded in various different markets and are a part of a multi-billion dollar industry. Unfortunately even with all the technological advances and modern day medical practices that mankind has discovered, cigarette smoking is still a gargantuan health concern within our population (“The History of Smoking”). Governments from all over the world are attempting to conjure up more and more regulations to limit these cigarette industry giants from influencing their citizens with this despicable habit but how many limitations can be invoked on individuals who decide to smoke, without stripping them of their civil liberties?...
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...smokers quit from cigarettes, which is the habit that is the major cause of preventable death in the United States, with 480,000 deaths per year including over 41,000 from secondhand smoke exposure. It was also found that compared to current smokers, when switched to vaping for only six months, vapers had lower levels of the worst carcinogens that are found in tobacco cigarettes. Cigarettes cause way more of a risk than vaping simply because of the amount...
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...Shannon Esperson ENGL 1302 Dr. Christie Position Paper Final Just last month I was in Las Vegas Nevada dancing the nights away in some of the hottest night clubs around when someone in my party got a headache from all the secondhand smoke she was being exposed to. At that point in time we left the night club and shortly after her headache disappeared; it was as easy as that. This experience got me thinking about those who don’t have the ability to control their secondhand smoke exposure and what, if anything, is being done to protect them. As easy as it was for myself to leave this smoky environment, a child in a smoke filled car, for example, would be trapped with no hope or realistic ability to escape the situation. Smoke free citizens have pressed legislators for years to make their work and public environments smoke free. Smoking cigarettes is now illegal in government buildings, and many bars and restaurants nationwide and yet only six states have laws making it illegal to smoke in a car with a minor present. Shouldn’t minors be afforded the same liberties we adults demand for ourselves? I have struggled in my opinion on smoke free legislation for some time now. As a libertarian who appreciates the least government involvement possible, I support the freedom we have to smoke in bars and casinos in Las Vegas. These are adult only environments and as adults we have the choice to engage in the lawful behaviors we see fit. However, as a pediatric nurse who witnesses...
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...disease as a result of smoking in addition to the one in five deaths that occur annually from smoking (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to describe the population affected by smoking, summarize the attributes of two successful health advocacy programs and develop a successful health advocacy campaign for smoking. Smoking and the Affected Population Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the nation (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). There are many reasons that an individual chooses to partake in tobacco use including stress and peer pressure. In 2012, with an estimated 42.1 million Americans aged 18 years or older, approximately 18% of the adult population was cigarette smokers (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). Aside from adult users, it is estimated that more than 3,200 adolescents smoke their first cigarette on a daily basis (Smoking & Tobacco Use, 2014). According to the 2012 Surgeon General’s Report, approximately 9 out of 10 smokers initiate smoking by the age of 18, and 99% will begin smoking by the age of 26 (Cigarette Smoking, 2014). Many people, regardless of age, race or socioeconomic status, interact daily with a tobacco user. Tobacco users tend to fail to realize that their choices affect not only them but those around them as well. Secondhand smoke exposure contributes to an estimated 41,000 deaths yearly in the United States...
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...children are told by their parents and teachers that smoking is bad. When I was in kindergarden, each child was given a contract to sign saying when we turned 18 we wouldn't start smoking. Obviously this is a silly and ineffective way to get kids not to smoke, but of course they had good reasons. These days, no one can claim to be ignorant of the negative health effects caused by smoking, but this awareness doesn't seem to be doing much to hurt the industry – in a paper published by the World Health Organization, over 1.2 billion people smoke worldwide. That's only slightly less than the population of China. However, many remain unaware of the consequences the tobacco industry has on the environment. In fact, the entire life cycle of a cigarette is damaging to the ecosystem, beginning in the fields where tobacco is grown, during cigarette production and consumption, and after the filter is disposed of. Everyone over the age of eighteen, at least in the US, has the right to choose whether or not to smoke, but I believe that to take steps to fix this environmental mess we've put ourselves in, first we must be informed of the effect we have. Tobacco is one of the most environmentally irresponsible crops to grow. According to The Smoke Ring: The Politics of Tobacco by Peter Taylor, tobacco is a weak plant that requires a great deal of pesticides. Tobacco also causes severe nutrient depletion in the soil, necessitating regular chemical fertilizing. Besides heavily polluting the ground...
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