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Secret

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Submitted By Crescentleaf
Words 527
Pages 3
Claveria, Steven M.
BSIT - II

1. What is Database Normalization?
Database normalization is the process of organizing the columns (attributes) and tables (relations) of a relational database to minimize data redundancy.
Normalization involves decomposing a table into less redundant (and smaller) tables without losing information; defining foreign keys in the old table referencing the primary keysof the new ones. The objective is to isolate data so that additions, deletions, and modifications of an attribute can be made in just one table and then propagated through the rest of the database using the defined foreign keys.
The relational model separates the logical design from the physical design: DBMS performance is a matter of physical designer using indexes, view materialization, big buffers, etc. It is not a matter of changing the logical design. A typical example of normalization is that an entity's unique ID is stored everywhere in the system but its name is held in only one table. The name can be updated more easily in one row of one table. A typical update in such an example would be the RIM company changing its name to BlackBerry. That update would be done in one place and immediately the correct "BlackBerry" name would be displayed throughout the system.

Example
Querying and manipulating the data within a data structure that is not normalized, such as the following non-1NF representation of customers' credit card transactions, involves more complexity than is really necessary:

2. What us Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)?

An entity-relationship diagram—otherwise known as an ERD—is a data modeling technique that creates an illustration of an information system's entities and the relationships between those entities.
There are 3 ingredients in a standard entity-relationship diagram: * Entities, which represent people, places, items, events,

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