...Seizures/Epilepsy Epilepsy occurs as a result of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Brain cells communicate by sending electrical signals in an orderly pattern. In epilepsy, these electrical signals become abnormal, giving rise to an "electrical storm" that produces seizures. These storms may be within a specific part of the brain or may be generalized, depending on the type of epilepsy. Epilepsy is the oldest-known brain disorder; in the early ages people did not understand the causes, people often thought that it was a demon possession. It was not until the late 1880s that the disease was correctly identified. Dr. John Jackson, a famous English neurologist, was the first person to correctly determine the characteristics of epilepsy. (EHow) Epilepsy in America is growing, is it that more people are having seizures, or diagnosis is just getting better? 1 in 26 Americans will develop epilepsy in their lifetime. An estimated 3 million Americans and 65 million people worldwide currently live with epilepsy. Each year at least 200,000 people are diagnosed with epilepsy. In two-thirds of patients diagnosed with epilepsy, the cause is unknown. Doctors still can't find why people have epilepsy, some doctors believe that it is not hereditary but many do. In most cases, about 8 out of 10 people their epilepsy is unknown. This is because epilepsy runs in many families and seems to be passed down generation by generation. Although some doctors believe epilepsy is not hereditary...
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...will have a seizure in their lifetime, but to be diagnosed with epilepsy a person has to have two or more reasonless seizures (Mayo). Though they may not have seizures every day, wondering when the next attack will come does affect them on a daily basis. What exactly are seizures and how does the occurrence in the brain work? In this essay I will look at two major types of seizures, the signs and symptoms of each type, and what goes on within the brain while each type is occurring. Grand mal seizures, also known as tonic-clonic seizures, are the first type of attack that will be discussed. These are referred to as tonic-clonic seizures because there is a tonic portion, where the muscles stiffen and the person loses consciousness, and a clonic portion, where the person begins to twitch and convulse (Devinsky, 2013). At the start of the attack, head turning and visual searching can be...
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...Epilepsy "Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by short, recurrent, periodic attacks of sensory and motor malfunctions called seizures. Epileptic seizures are initiated by abnormal discharges of electricity from the brain. They occur suddenly and overwhelm the patient without any possibility of avoiding the fit. Seizures are brief, lasting from seconds to minutes. "The negative phenomenon that a patient might experience as a result of seizures is loss of awareness, loss of muscle tone, or loss of language."3 A nonepileptic seizure, one that is not caused by epilepsy, is an episode of abnormal behavior that is not caused by a disturbance in brain activity, but by some other problem. Abrupt drops the blood pressure, an imbalance...
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...Febrile seizure is a convulsion that a pediatric can experience that is instigated by a rapid increase or decrease in a fever. An episode of febrile seizure can be extremely terrifying to a parent or caretaker. One important piece of knowledge can help ease the discomforting witness of a febrile seizer. For most febrile seizure episodes, harm usually does not come to the febrile seizure patient and it also does not mean that the child has a more serious underlying health problem. When a febrile seizure occurs, the pediatric will more often than not lose consciousness and experience tonic-clonic moving all extremities about in possible a thrashing motion. Although tonic-clonic is most common, in rare instances the pediatric will have periods of muscle rigidity or have localized seizures, like an arm or a leg on only one side. Febrile seizures can last ranging from a few seconds up to an astonishing 15 minutes or more, on average a febrile seizure commonly lasts only a few minutes. According to research and studies that have been done on febrile seizures, most of the febrile seizures occur when the rectal temperature of the pediatric reaches or exceeds one hundred and two degrees Fahrenheit. The onset of a febrile seizure usually occurs in the first twenty four hours of the fevers onset. With pediatrics who...
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...Seizure Precautions for Pediatric Bedside Nurses Over the course of their careers, many inpatient pediatric nurses will care for a patient with seizures or who is at risk for seizures. Although often anxiety-provoking, the fear can be diminished by thinking critically about each child’s seizure. The nursing management of pediatric seizures, for which patient safety is the priority, should be driven by the clinical presentation of the child’s event. This article will present an algorithm to assist bedside nurses in safely caring for children with a variety of seizure types. The algorithm can be used as a road map to assist staff nurses in safely and appropriately stocking patients’ bedsides with emergency equipment as needed for children with seizures. However, to understand the clinical symptoms of a seizure, it is important to first review basic pathophysiology and seizure classification. What Is a Seizure? Seizures are a common neurologic disorder of childhood, and many pediatric nurses will care for children with epilepsy during their careers. The term “seizure precautions” is used frequently in nursing practice; however, its definition varies among institutions. Childhood epilepsy has many phenotypes, and while some children require airway clearance and ventilatory support in the event of a seizure, many will not. The bedside equipment for a child with seizures should reflect the patient’s symptoms. To that end, an algorithm based on seizure classification and current...
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...Search and Seizure Louisa Barnes CJ333: Constitutional Law March 16, 2014 Erin Shriver SEARCH AND SEIZURE Constitutional Search The high school students were throwing a party that created so much noise that a noise complaint was lodged with the police by a neighbor. This gave the police the right to enter onto the property to investigate the complaint. Once they arrived at the residence and started talking to the party goers they smelled marijuana on the individuals. Because of the reasonable suspicion and probable cause that criminal activity was taking place they had a right to search the premises. This is found in the Fourth Amendment under Probable Cause and Reasonable Suspicion (Farlex, Inc., 2014).To protect evidence from being destroyed they also had a need for the search of the premises. To protect themselves as well as possible evidence they were also permitted to frisk the individuals that were out on the porch of the house. This exercise is permitted when they have reasonable suspicion that a criminal activity is taking place (Daniel E. Hall, 2012, pp. 509-510). While frisking the individuals a bag of marijuana was found. This led the police officers to then call for backup for searching the house before evidence inside the property could be destroyed before a warrant could be obtained. While waiting on the backup they proceeded to search the remaining individuals inside the home, again to keep themselves safe. Drugs are a type of evidence that can disappear...
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...Search & Seizure A police officer is dispatched to a call in his jurisdiction for a noise complaint. The police officer arrives hearing very loud music coming from the residence which violates a noise ordinance. The police officer knocks on the front door with no answer so he proceeds to the back door to knock when he observes what appears to be marijuana plants based on his training and experience. The police officer can seize the marijuana plants based on the Plain View Doctrine. “In Harris v. United States (1968), the Supreme Court ruled that anything a police officer sees in plain view, when the officer has a right to be where he or she is, is not the product of a search and is therefore admissible as evidence.” [1] The police officer is legally in a place in which he should be because of the noise complaint call. The police officer recognized the marijuana plants as contraband and has the right to seize them without a search warrant. “How is it then, brethren? when ye come together, every one of you hath a psalm, hath a doctrine, hath a tongue, has an interpretation. Let all things be done unto edifying.”[2] The police officer needs to obtain a search warrant in order to search the rest of the residence. With no exception present, the police officer would be violating the resident’s Fourth Amendment right against unreasonable search and seizure if he conducted a full search of the residence without a search warrant. “The Fourth Amendment is as follows:...
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...Pediatric Febrile Seizures 2 Whitney Wang What are Pediatric Febrile Seizures? 3 They are convulsions brought on by a fever in small infants and children. These fevers are usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection in the child’s body and accompanied by certain vaccinations. Vaccinations DO NOT cause fevers. 2 More commonly, during this kind of seizure, the child loses consciousness and shakes, moving limbs on both sides of the body. 4 Less commonly, during this kind of seizure, the child becomes rigid or has twitches in only a portion of the body. Most febrile seizures last a minute or two. Some seizures can be as brief as seconds or continue for more than 15 minutes. 2 Majority of children with febrile seizures have rectal temperatures...
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...types of seizures. They are classified in 3 major categories. The first being Focal Onset, the second being Generalized Onset, and the last being Unknown Onset. When the person is awake during a seizure this is called Focal Onset Aware Seizure. When the person is confused or their awareness is affected in some way during the seizure this is called Focal Onset Impaired Awareness. Focal Seizures start in one side of the brain. When a person is having a Generalized Onset Seizure these seizures affect both sides of the brain at the same time. Some of Generalized Onset Seizures include Tonic-Clonic, Absence, and Atonic. An Unknown Onset Seizure is when the beginning of the seizure is not known, or when no one witnessed or seen it. When a seizure happens at...
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...PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CARD CONDITION/DISEASE: Seizures DEFINITION: Seizures are defined as a sudden and uncontrolled alteration in normal brain activity that causes distinct changes in behavior and body function. They are electrical in nature and often there is an underlying illness. ETIOLOGY: Seizures do not have a definitive cause always. Some seizures, known as provoked seizures, are generally causative due to injury, trauma, medication, or alcohol/drugs. Unprovoked seizures can be due to genetics, infection, neurologic disorders, as well as unknown causes. PROGNOSIS AND COURSE OF CONDITION/DISEASE: Each and every patient’s prognosis and course of condition is very dependent on what the causation of the specific seizures is. In some cases,...
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...What is a seizure? A seizure is an increase of electrical activity in the brain. A seizure can influence a person’s behavior for a brief period. A seizure can alter what the brain and body does normally. Many people think that seizures are some sort of disease but, it all boils down to changes in chemicals within the nerve cells. During a seizure brain cells get excited or prevent other brain cells from sending their routine messages. In some cases in the presence of a seizure, there could be too much activity or too little activity. Seizures are an indication that a potential disorder is affecting the brain. The reality is some seizures can hardly be noticed, other seizure while other seizures can greatly reduce function. Different lobes of...
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...Search and Seizure in America CJA/364 February 10, 2015 Search and Seizure in America The fourth amendment has given us the protection against unreasonable search and seizure but what exactly does that mean? To understand, one must define right of privacy, search, seizure, arrest, and reasonableness and how each of these relates to stop and frisk, automotive search rules, and requirements regarding border and regulatory searches. Have you ever been stopped on the street or anywhere and frisked by a police officer? Individuals should be aware of the rules regarding such a situation. In the state of New York, the people, "Mayor Michael Bloomberg" (Wells 2013, p. 1) and the district court judge "Shira Scheindlin" (Wells 2013) argued about reforming the stop and frisk policy. The objective issues in improving system addressed after a stop and frisk case won by the arrestee. In the case involving the arrestee "David Ourlicht" (Whitaker, 2013, p. 1) claimed he was wrongfully stopped and frisked. The officer stopped and frisked the defendant because the object in his pocket resembled a gun. The attorney representing the defendant argued his constitutional rights, and the stop and frisk was unconstitutional. The environment of the Missouri cities, counties, suburbs, and rural area are subject to society socialization, private activity, and deviant behavior which may cause the proper authority to respond to the nature of the action the same as in New York City. Society plays...
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...WAVELET BASED EEG SIGNAL SEIZURE DETECTION USING SVM CLASSIFIER R.Shantha Selvakumari, V.Santhakumari, T.Menaka Abstract: Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes people to have recurring seizures. About 50 million people in the world are diagnosed with epilepsy. Seizure detection is very important for the diagnosis and rehabilitation of the epileptic patients. This paper presents a wavelet-based seizure detection method with high sensitivity, accuracy and specificity. This method is applied to two different groups of EEG signals: 1) healthy (Normal) EEG signal; 2) Epileptic (Seizure) EEG signal. Wavelet decomposition is used to decompose the EEG signal into five bands. Effective features such as power, fluctuation index, coefficient of variation...
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...Seizure detection with Bigdata / Specific Problem, Gap Different technologies are available for neuroimaging e.g. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) etc. The epileptic patients are normally monitored in the neurophysiological clinics using EEG, a non-invasive, multichannel technology for recording brain’s activity. Commonly used approach for epileptic seizure detection is the analysis of scalp EEG [3]. The technology used for scalp EEG is getting better rapidly. The scalp EEG used in clinics are capable of producing data at sampling rate of 2Khz. Furthermore in some studies; the number of channels used increased from tens to thousands [4]. To have an idea of the amount of data, a continuous EEG monitoring of a patient at 256 Hz with 24 channels can approximately generate 1GB data per day. With higher sampling rate and increased number of channels, EEG can produce far more data, e.g. 500GB per day [1]. All these characteristics make processing of EEG a compute intensive and data intensive task. Real time seizure detection...
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...Cannabis verses pharmaceutical drugs to treat seizure disorders Melissa M. Phillips COM/172 April 21, 2014 Scott Tobias Cannabis verses pharmaceutical drugs to treat seizure disorders. Chronic illnesses are prevalent this day and age due to various environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and the use of pharmaceutical drugs. There are various pharmaceutical drugs to treat patients who have chronic pain, depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's, cancer, and various seizure disorders. However, the effects of pharmaceutical drugs on people’s major organs are devastating. Cannabis is a much safer, 100% natural approach to treating chronic illnesses and it is not damaging to peoples organs. In fact, the human body has built in cannabinoid receptors in the brain and the spleen, and our bodies actually create our own cannabinoid proteins, which contains no psychoactive component. Therefore, the human body creates its own cannabis. Personally, being through what I have been through with my chronic illness; Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), and the numerous amounts of pharmaceutical drugs I have been prescribed. I have had severe allergic reactions to various pharmaceutical drugs, a medication induced seizure, and could have possibly overdosed due to the wrong amount of medication being prescribed. Given my current situation and my new perspective on consuming something that has been on this planet for millions of years (holistic ancient medicine), or consuming something...
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