...Essay: Evaluate the role of education in society. Consider issue of gender in your response. Also, consider how such factors may impact on a person’s life chances. This essay will examine the role of education in society and an analysis of inequality in relation to Gender. It will discuss briefly education and examine the different theoretical approaches to education followed by an analysis of inequality using information on statistics of inequality in British education in relation to gender and attainment. This essay will Identify and evaluate key policy developments in education provision designed to bridge the gap of gender inequality in British education. The role of education in society has been among the major issues in contemporary sociological and political debate. According to Iannelli and Paterson (2005) education is a major factor that helps determine the jobs and social class positions of individuals in society. As an institution of sociology, education plays a dominant role in transmitting prevalent ideologies of society by providing pupils with the curriculum and hidden curriculum as well as the skills that will prepare them physically, mentally and socially for their life chances (Clark 2005). Educational institutions play a very important role in reducing social inequalities. Over the last century British schools experienced very important changes and moved from a selective system to a comprehensive one in the 1960s and 70s. Much research has shown that the...
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...This essay will confirm this theory by analysing bilingual’s cognitive affect in memory, task switching and attention and demonstrate how these aspects relate to having a better academic performance. Numerous studies were found measuring and comparing memory, task switching and attention of bilingual and monolingual children. Result have indicate that bilingual consist of many cognitive advantage that outperformed monolinguals in cognitive task, however bilingual experience more difficulty when approaching in verbal and vocabulary task. Overall Studies showed evidence of cognitive advantage in bilingual children that may result in a better academic performance. Bilingual Children and Academic Performance Education is a form of learning and acquiring the knowledge and skills that are transferred from one generation to the next. (Lee, 2009) Academic performance in a student educational journey is one of the most significant aspects in regards to a child’s academic outcome. In many cases it is often promoted that being bilingual is a contributing factor to enhancing a child’s academic performance. In Australia, statistics show that there are around 22 million Australians speaking in approximately 400 different languages or were either bilingual (Australian Bureau Statistics, 2009). As statistics highlight the fact that there is an increasing rate of people who communicate in more than one language, researches are shifting towards the need for support and understanding of bilingualism...
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...OVERVIEW OF THE MODULE / MODULE AIMS This module will require students to gain in depth knowledge about the growth and future of international trade and globalisation. It will enable students to explore and critique specific economic approaches to and perspectives on the environment of international trade and the impact of globalisation. This module will require students to apply appropriate theories and principles to more complex and relatively ambiguous situations and contexts. INTRODUCTION TO THE MODULE Since International Trade and Globalization is a potentially vast topic, this module is selective in what is considered. The focus is on understanding what drives international trade and the consequences of this, and also on understanding the operation and impact of multinational enterprises engaged in international production. LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon successful completion of the module students will be able to: 1. Understand the history of international trade and reflect upon the reasons for and forms of its development, including the role of trading blocks, international institutions and multinational corporations. 2. Analyse the major trends in respect of international trade and evaluate the positive and negative impacts of globalisation. 3. Appraise the impacts on various groups (eg consumers, producers, developing countries) of trade and trade restrictions between countries and blocks. 4. Evaluate the globalisation of international business, for example in respect of market...
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...Assignment 1 – Essay: Briefing sheet Question 1: Classical management theory conceptualises communication as a downward, one-way transfer of information from management to staff. What in your view makes for good leadership communication in organizations? In the foretime, the use of primitive or slightly more advanced information transmission methods is common for people to communicate. Nowadays, the rapid development of technology facilitates the variety ways of people communicating such as television, mobile phone or the Internet. Communication can be defined as a process of sending and receiving of ideas, information, thoughts, messages, signals through verbal, non-verbal, written or other various methods (Walker, 2011; De Vries et al.,2010). Although communication, in general, can simple be the sharing of ideas and information between two or greater people, this exchange process is more important in society, especially in organizations. In other words, communication can affect every relationship in hierarchical organizations. As a result, the communication process is clearly one of the strategies which should be carefully managed not only to external customers but also internal customer, employees, by the management. Along with the growth of advanced technology and the intensive demand of labour market, employees have to continuously improve their broad knowledge and skills to adapt these requirements. Therefore, they also have many expectations in their workplaces...
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...transition of the business. There is no agreed definition for the term management but according to Harold Koontz, Management is defined as “the art of getting things done through others and with formally organized groups” (Koontz, 1954)..To be effective in management, A manager should have should have undergone necessary training and Should possess some individual skills. This essay seeks to explore the question ‘Is management an art or a science? This essay will analyze whether management from the perspective of an art and a science. .Management as an art Ayn Rand (1905-1982) defines art as “a selective re-creation of reality according to an artist’s metaphysical value-judgments. If those who believe that management were an art, they are those people who believe that there is no specific way to learn management and it just takes two things i.e. personality and ability to learn and understand management. Additionaly these people would also believe that people can’t be taught to be effective managers, throughout the years they become better through experience and training. But For Schein, (2001) People’s attention towards the environment becomes more clear ,provoke them to question long-held beliefs, encourage developing new responses to challenges, help us get in touch with our creative selves. Lorenzana (1889-1969) describes management as an art because among those ingredients necessary to make management decisions are common sense, experience and skills and not necessarily a...
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...Chapter 6: Analyzing Consumer Markets GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. ________ is the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations select, buy, use, and dispose of goods, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants. 1. Target marketing 2. Psychographic segmentation 3. Psychology 4. Consumer behavior 5. Product differentiation Answer: d Page: 150 Difficulty: Easy AACSB: Analytic Skills 2. The fundamental determinant of a person’s wants and behavior is the person’s ________. 1. psyche 2. national origin 3. culture 4. peer group 5. family tree Answer: c Page: 150 Difficulty: Medium AACSB: Analytic Skills 3. A child growing up in the United States is exposed to all of the following values EXCEPT ________. 1. achievement and success 2. activity 3. efficiency and practicality 4. the importance of the group in daily life 5. freedom Answer: d Page: 150 Difficulty: Medium AACSB: Reflective Thinking 4. Which of the following would be the best illustration of a subculture? 1. A religion 2. A group of close friends 3. Your university 4. A fraternity or sorority 5. Your occupation Answer: a Page: 150 Difficulty: Hard 5. Based on information provided in the text, which of the following trends has lead to increased household consumption? 1. Growing female economic power ...
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...Disorder Specific Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Interventions – WHM-M-030 Introduction The purpose of the paper is to discuss the current theory and empirical literature for using a transdiagnostic approach in cognitive behaviour therapy and it’s relevance in current practice. I will discuss the theory and evidence for using a transdiagnostic approach and highlight the main processes. A discussion on the strengths and limitations of the approach will conclude the first part of the paper. The second part will be a review of personal clinical work discussing the transdiagnostic process and its hypothesised effectiveness. To conclude the author will provide a personal reflection. There has been a long widely accepted claim for the effectiveness of CBT with prolific amount of evidence for it’s effectiveness for Depression, Anxiety and Mood disorders (Roth & Fongy, 1995) Models such as cognitive therapy for depression (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), panic disorder (Clark, 1986,), posttraumatic stress disorder (Clark & Ehlers, 2004); and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Salkovskis, 1989) have led to disorder-specific interventions for treating common mental health problems. The benefits of devising a model on specific disorders is the high degree of research and comparable data involved; from that the therapist will be highly trained in the use of the model to deliver the approach for each disorder (Salkovskis 2002). Disorder specific models are seen to be easily delivered...
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...In organisations today, the role that communication plays is one that is imperative to an organisations success and the success of the individuals of that organisation. Poor communication is most often the source of interpersonal conflict (Cocks 2012), which is not a surprise as almost 70 percent of an individual’s day consists of some form of communication (Robbins, et al. 2011). Communication is the process of information being passed from one individual to another that follows a procedure of informational transfer and understanding. There are some significant barriers that impact the way in which communication is interpreted. This essay examines the role of communication in organisations, the significant barriers to effective communication and the possible solutions for those problems. Communication is the process of transferring and understanding information. Communication must include the transfer of information and understanding of the meaning in order to be successful. Before communication can take place, there must be a purpose. The communication process refers to the way in which we send and receive information. The process consists of a sender initiating the message by encoding their own thoughts (sent through a channel), with the message received and decoded by the receiver. If any part of this process is neglected or misunderstood, there is minimal chance of the message being interpreted correctly. If perfect communication were to exist, it would occur when an idea...
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...part of the learning process (Cherry, 2013). The third is that not all learned behaviour is repeated (Cherry, 2013). This is because unlike traditional behavioralists, Bandura (1977) views the internal mental processes as important as the external processes in learning (Moore, 2011). His reasoning for this is that the modelling process requires attention, retention, reproduction and motivation in order to acquire the behaviour and determines whether they instigate it and maintain it (Bahn, 2001). As such, Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory, later called social cognitive theory is built upon reciprocal determinism (Moore, 2011). He proposed the triadic SOR model, which shows how interpersonal factors; locus of control, self-efficacy and moral disengagement (organism), interact interchangeably with behaviour (response) and the environment (stimulus) (Simon, 1999/2001). This is an expansion upon the pre-existing behavioralist S-R model, which argues that behaviour is purely the mindless response of the conditioned or unconditioned stimulus acting upon the environment (Parish, 2010). Thus it is clear that Bandura’s social learning theory is built upon reciprocal determinism, which models the soft determinist argument that his behaviour is not entirely controlled by free-will (Parish, 2010). He makes...
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...During Odysseus’ Revenge, one could see multiple themes within the small section that could be used to analyze his revenge arc in the Odyssey. A cluster of three samples of methods to use to analyze this piece, which will be shown through the essay, are gender stereotypes/sexuality, structuralism, and rationalism. To explain and make connections for the support of the analyzing methods, examples from previous chapters of the textbook will be brought in and cited to help make the points and contrasts from the selected text. Beginning with the gender stereotypes analysis, the most obvious example is of the female slaves when they greet Odysseus after his revenge. The women were seen kissing and wrapping their arms around Odysseus lovingly (Steele...
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...EFFECTIVE LISTENING ‘An effective listener is a person who is able to respond empathetically to another person, retaining objectivity and not becoming sucked into someone else’s mire’ (Porrit, L. 1990 p.83). There is a difference between listening and hearing. Hearing, a psychological activity which involves occurs when various sound eaves hit our ear drums. Whereas, listening, it relies on our ears, minds, hearts, and whole body. What do we hear first? Is it the message or oral sound? Do absorb what is being said or not being said? Do we accept the person wholeheartedly during the situation, if we hear? The focus of the essay will verify that there are seven processes to listening. Secondly, whilst listing positive aspects of effective listening. Finally, I hope to show that effective listening benefits all those involved and improves a situation when entering their understanding by leaving out judgments and reasons. Why must we effectively listen? According to Julia T.Wood (2012), Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Counters, she states three guidelines to effective listening. That is being mindful, adapt listening appropriately, and listen actively. When receiving communication one-way, a good communicator must be mindful. This bears a lot of discipline as it the first and most important principle of effective listening. It requires that we put aside preoccupations such as checking text messages or daydreaming and preconceptions such as avoiding argument and try to understand...
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...|MBA 401 Operations Management | |Module tutor |Mr. Quoc Dinh Ngo | |Tutor with responsibility for this Assessment |Mr. Quoc Dinh Ngo | | | | | |(this is your first point of contact) | |Assessment |Individual Essay | | | | | |100% of module assessment | | | | | |3,000 words | | | ...
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...Consumer Buying Behaviour: Implications of Consumer Attitudes for Marketers in the Context of UK Food Retail Sector Word Count: 3006 Consumers are the center of every business’s attention. It is essential for every marketer to know about the needs and wants of the consumers. To know that, it is necessary to know how consumers make decisions regarding the purchase of products and services. The following essay throws light on consumer behaviour and its implications for marketers in the context of the UK food retail sector. Consumer buying behaviour is a process through which the consumers make decisions regarding how they spend their resources on items they need or want. These resources include time, money and effort (Sharma, 2006). Solomon (2010) is of the view that consumer buying behaviour is a process which the consumers go through when evaluating, purchasing and disposing of goods and services. According to Johan, Johan and Anneki (2007:38): “Consumer behaviour comprises the behaviour patterns of decision units (individuals as well as families) which precede, determine and follow on the decision-making process for the acquisition of need –satisfying products, ideas and services” The future behaviour of the consumers can be predicted by analyzing their current buying and consumption patterns (Kotler, 2008). The study of consumer behaviour not only takes internal factors into account but also the external factors which are responsible for influencing...
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...system, and mass media. The ideologies of the ruling class thus render the working class (proletariat) into conformity by persuading them that the interests of the capitalists (bourgeoisie) are also in the interest of the working class. These ideologies defend and uphold the social position of the ruling classes. Jeffery Reimen stated that, the rich get richer and the poor get prison, thus, as the laws reflect the ideologies of the ruling class, there cannot be equality before the law, as the law protects those who define it. This essay will demonstrate the issue of the justice system within capitalist societies and the effects of the law and policy formations that reflect the wishes and ideologies of the ruling class, while exploiting the poor. The broad theory of critical criminology also known as radical criminology, explores various theoretical perspectives, specifically Marxist criminology and labeling theory. In light of these perspectives, this essay will provide insight on the disproportionate and bias treatment of the criminal justice system. White-collar crime (corporate crimes) and blue-collar crime (street crimes) will be used as illustrations of the disproportion of class systems within capitalist societies in terms of the criminal justice system, which further address how legislations and policies reflect the wishes ideologies and of the ruling class. Critical...
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...INTRODUCTION Restiveness among youths globally and those in Nigeria has become a behaviour pattern which has degenerated into a topical global issue. Youth restiveness portrays man’s negative side of social development. This negative development is rather unfortunate and has become one of the many security challenges facing man in the contemporary society. In many occasions, lives and properties worth millions of naira have been lost or vandalized and some razed down by restive youths. As observed by Chukwuemeka and Agbara (2010), human society and in fact the entire universe is simply and squarely a complex entity. In view of this, individuals and groups have their complexities, needs, aspirations, hopes, goals, opinions, views and values which could be social, economic, religious, psychological or political. Consequently, there is bound to be restiveness among different groups of people especially youths who are at their prime age. The term youth has been variously defined. Ndu (2000) and Yusuf (2001) saw youths as neither adolescents nor children characterized by excessive energy that needs to be exerted, which if not guarded, is channeled into negative tendencies. The United Nations General Assembly and World Bank cited in Adewuyi (2008) defined the youth as people between ages 15 to 24 years. In Nigeria, the people within the age limit of 30 years are considered as youths hence they are allowed to participate in the National Youth Service Scheme (NYSC). For this paper...
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