...The Trail of Tears is the journey of Native Americans that were forced to leave their home in Southeast Georgia and move to the new Indian Territory in moderate-day Oklahoma. People in Georgia continued to take American lands and force both Cherokee Indians and Creek Indians out of Georgia. By 1825 the Lower Creek was completely gone. In 1827 the Creek was gone. In 1838, the Cherokees were the fifth major tribe to be forced to relocate to Indian Territory. More than 15,000 Indians were forced out by the U.S. Army. The name of the other five tribes that were forced to leave their homeland were the Choctaw, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Creek. 16,000 of the Choctaw Indians who journeyed across the Trail of Tears between 5,000 and 6,000 died in route. The “Trail of Tears” got its name because of the devastating effects it had on the Cherokee people. The Cherokee faced hunger, diseases, and exhaustion on the forced removal. Over...
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...Understand the circumstances that led to the Louisiana Purchase The circumstances that led to the Louisiana Purchase were the transcontinental railroad that would connect Atlantic to the Pacific that allowed settlers a faster and safer way to California and the West. It led to the now famous Lois and Clark Expedition to the Pacific Ocean. We championed westward expansion and exploration which doubled the size of the landscape. He fanned fundamental disagreement about the spread of slavery to the western territories. Jefferson learned that Spain had transferred title to the entire region to France. Congressmen urged Jefferson to prepare for war against France. When he heard that Napoleon had become impatient for his money, Jefferson rushed the treaty to a Senate eager to ratify it. Know the function of cities in Jeffersonian America The function of cities in Jeffersonian America became important commercial ports. They became deports for international trade. Only about 7 percent of the nation’s population lived in urban centers. Most of these people owed their livelihoods either directly or indirectly to the carrying trade (major port cities of the early republic—New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore). Understand Jefferson’s views on economy and federal debt A top priority of the new government was cutting the national debt. Jefferson also wanted to diminish the activities of the federal government. He urged Congress to repeal all direct taxes, including the tax...
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...studies course book. This paper gives what the “loss of centeredness” of culture would have meant for a given cultural group, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. This paper describes the Western and European cultures on Native Americans. It discusses what they were like prior to the late nineteenth century and how they changed as a result of European expansion. Last but not least, you will know how this change representative of what Sayre calls a “loss of centeredness. The term “Western Civilization” in this context means European civilization, mainly for the countries known for their exploratory expeditions which include Spain, Portugal, France, and England. Cultures such as the Native Americans, West Africans, Indians, Chinese, and so many others were invaded and occupied by these European nations. They were killed, had to change their religion to Christianity, and were sent away from their homelands. The leaders were replaced by Europeans. They looked at these conquered lands as “satellites” of their home country and encouraged the people to act as much like them as they could, or at least seem as though they were in the same culture and work for them, go to their church, and learn their place as second class citizens. After all, they were looked upon as savages and uncivilized people who needed guidance. The people inhabiting the areas of North America were the Native Americans. The Native Americans did not fare well with the early colonies and...
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...domestic livestock and basic survival. The Europeans not only bought with them diseases that killed millions of Native Americans, but also their conviction that their own civilization was greatly superior to that of the natives (Brinkley, 2008). This discussion will include Andrew Jackson’s opinion and policy concerning Native Americans, white Americans’ opinion of Native Americans, the “Five Civilized Tribes,” and the Trail of Tears. Before becoming the President of the United States, Andrew Jackson had already made a name for himself in history. He was a lawyer, politician and judge, wealthy planter and merchant, and in 1801 received the appointment of the commander of the Tennessee militia. During the War of 1812, white settlers near the Spanish owned Florida border were under attack by the Creek Indians. According to Brinkley (2008), on March 27, 1814, in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Jackson and his men retaliated and slaughtered Creek women, children, and warriors. Jackson received a commission to major general in the United States Army. Later in the year, during the Seminole War, Jackson captured Spanish forts at Pensacola and St. Marks in Florida. In 1821, he served as Florida’s military governor for nine months. Jackson, 1828, won the election for the seventh President of the United States, serving two...
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...came into frequent contact with the various Native American tribes through the South-Eastern parts of the country. The main tribes; Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole had to be relocated west, opening twenty-five million acres of land to white settlers. The discover of the “New World” by European explorers caused endless problems for Native American Indians. First contact between the Europeans and Native Americans, resulted from the expedition of Hernando de Solo in 1540. De Solo took captives for slave labor, and left new diseases that the Native Americans encountered that began to dramatically decrease their populations. Even after the American...
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...have had to rebuild themselves from near annihilation. Once the Native Americans were forced on to reservations their struggle to sustain life began. The Europeans’ strategies of targeting American Indian children for assimilation began with violence. The Europeans negotiated many treaties with the native people, but all were later discovered to be unfavorable for the indigenous people. As the European Americans grew larger in numbers, their quest for land and riches spread further into the plains of North America, requiring them to find new ways to travel causing them break treaties with the Plains Indians. Much of the forced removal of Native American tribes was a result of two major events: the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears. The Impact of European Colonization in North America on Native Americans The European colonization of North America proved to be detrimental to the existence of the Native Americans. The colonizers conquered and domesticated the natives and as a result almost completely decimated the tribal nations. The natives were purposely infected with incurable diseases during this time. The Indians’ vision of slavery was corrupted into something they could never have imagined. The European Americans negotiated many treaties with the Native Americans but all treaties were found to be unfavorable to the tribes and later broken. The Indigenous people were forced onto reservations, as a result of the colonists need for expansion, thus where their struggle...
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...Article 1- The Indian Removal Act Jackson argued with Congress to pass a law calling for the US government to negotiate with five main Indian tribes to relocate west, and he was victorious. He has had a history of wanting the Indians to relocate because the abundance of gold on the Cherokee’s land and how fertile all their land was. The “Five Civilized Tribes” were the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole, and Choctaw. There are concerns for the effects of the new law, such as the inevitable suffering bound to happen. Jackson defends the policy saying they are better off without the Americans interrupting their practices. Beside a majority of the Cherokee, most of the tribes signed treaties and relocated to the west of the Mississippi. At...
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...The forced relocation of Native Americans is one of the biggest failures of US history as the US deprived Native Americans their rights as well as their land. Ever since white settlers arrived in North America, Native Americans had been viewed as savages and “uncivilized” and were pushed west with increasing Europeans encroachment. They were considered as the “Indian problem” that the great white man should make an effort to civilize them by converting them to Christianity and reactions from the Natives varied. Some adapted English ways, and some resisted in court or militarily. President Andrew Jackson was a planter that viewed Indians to be inferior and waged brutal campaigns against Native Americans. After Jackson won the election in 1828, the first major legislation he recommended and passed...
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...have had to rebuild themselves from near annihilation. Once the Native Americans were forced on to reservations their struggle to sustain life began. The Europeans’ strategies of targeting American Indian children for assimilation began with violence. The Europeans negotiated many treaties with the native people, but all were later discovered to be unfavorable for the indigenous people. As the European Americans grew larger in numbers, their quest for land and riches spread further into the plains of North America, requiring them to find new ways to travel causing them break treaties with the Plains Indians. Much of the forced removal of Native American tribes was a result of two major events: the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears. The Impact of European Colonization in North America on Native Americans The European colonization of North America proved to be detrimental to the existence of the Native Americans. The colonizers conquered and domesticated the natives and as a result almost completely decimated the tribal nations. The natives were purposely infected with incurable diseases during this time. The Indians’ vision of slavery was corrupted into something they could never have imagined. The European Americans negotiated many treaties with the Native Americans but all treaties were found to be unfavorable to the tribes and later broken. The Indigenous people were forced onto reservations, as a result of the colonists need for expansion, thus where their struggle...
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...Conflict in the Florida territory between U.S. settlers and Seminole Indians grew into violence in December 1835. When Seminole warriors murdered Wiley Thompson, a senior Indian agent, and the “Dade Massacre” which resulted in the death of U.S. Army Officer Major Francis Dade and 107 of the 110 Soldiers in his command, starting the Second Seminole War. In September 1837, President Martin Van Buren assigned a force to Major General Thomas Jessup, the Senior Army Commander in Florida, which contained Colonel Zachary Taylor’s 1st Infantry regiment. Colonel Taylor was given an area of operations near swampy Lake Okeechobee and 1,032 Soldiers to hunt and defeat Seminole resistance and move the tribes to the reservation land in Oklahoma. On 24 December...
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...Who Am I Ashley Guinn ETH/125 10/07/2013 Robert Knobs Who Am I My name is Ashley Guinn and my great-grandmother was a full-blooded Cherokee Indian, so naturally I am a descendant of the Cherokee Native Americans. I may not have but 1/8 of their blood, but they are a part of my ancestry. As I conduct my research, I have a much better understanding of the discrimination my ancestors faced as well as the harsh and brutal treatment that led to many tribes being forced from the land that had been theirs for generations. Since the arrival of Christopher Columbus, Native Americans have suffered through much fear and resentment. Members of the American Republic like George Washington thought that the best way to handle the “Indian problem” was to introduce Christianity into their culture, teach them to read and speak English, and other common European practices such as individual ownership of land: in effect “civilizing” them. These ideals were embraced the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek, and Cherokee who came to be known as the “Five Civilized Tribes.” Regardless men who sought the rich and fertile land did not care how “civilized” they were and resorted to almost any extreme to obtain them. They stole livestock, burned and looted towns, or simply took over the lands they wanted. State governments began to pass laws limiting Native American rights and encroached on their land. In a few cases such as Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) and Worcester vs. Georgia (1832), the...
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...Who Am I Ashley Guinn ETH/125 10/07/2013 Robert Knobs Who Am I My name is Ashley Guinn and my great-grandmother was a full-blooded Cherokee Indian, so naturally I am a descendant of the Cherokee Native Americans. I may not have but 1/8 of their blood, but they are a part of my ancestry. As I conduct my research, I have a much better understanding of the discrimination my ancestors faced as well as the harsh and brutal treatment that led to many tribes being forced from the land that had been theirs for generations. Since the arrival of Christopher Columbus, Native Americans have suffered through much fear and resentment. Members of the American Republic like George Washington thought that the best way to handle the “Indian problem” was to introduce Christianity into their culture, teach them to read and speak English, and other common European practices such as individual ownership of land: in effect “civilizing” them. These ideals were embraced the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek, and Cherokee who came to be known as the “Five Civilized Tribes.” Regardless men who sought the rich and fertile land did not care how “civilized” they were and resorted to almost any extreme to obtain them. They stole livestock, burned and looted towns, or simply took over the lands they wanted. State governments began to pass laws limiting Native American rights and encroached on their land. In a few cases such as Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831) and Worcester vs. Georgia (1832), the...
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... the Native Americans believed this land was the land their ancestors had, and their God had given to them. The southern Indians had plenty of land about twenty five million acres, virtually the entire inland south and were more numerous than the Northern Indian people. By the end of the decade very few Native Americans still remained in this land because the government forced them to leave their land because the white wanted their territory. White settles wanted Indian land because they wanted to grow cotton, and there was gold where the Cherokees inhabited. The Native Americans were forced to walk thousands of miles to Indian Territory, many of them died of diseases or hunger, and this is why it became known as the trail of tears. Most Native Americans belonged to the five tribes which were the: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. The Choctaw were the first to negotiate for their land with the federal government in 1830 they agreed to give up their property for western land. The government in the other hand had no experience in transporting large amount of people from state to state so on the journey to their new land many Native Americans died from exhaustion, exposure, malnutrition and disease while traveling. In 1828 Andrew Jackson was elected president and he wanted Cherokees to disappear. In 1830 Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act which gave the government the right to exchange the Native Americans land and send them east of the Mississippi...
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...THE INDIAN REMOVAL ACT OF 1830 Migdalia Tuero HIST101: American History to 1877 Professor Kathleen Davis February 13, 2014 There are several historical events and issues that have impacted the contemporary political development among American history. In the history of America one of these groups are the Native Americans. The white man throughout the South called for a removal of the Indian peoples. They wanted the Native Indians to be resettled to the west because their presence created a problem for the white man who needed additional land for settlement. “The status of Native American peoples posed an equally complex political problem” (Henretta, Edwards, Self 2012, 302). Therefore, Andrew Jackson posed the Indian Removal Act of 1830. This Act was passed on May 28, 1830 in order to authorize the president to give unsettled land in the west to the eastern state Indians as part of the removal from their land. The Indian Removal Act of 1830 removed the Native Americans from their rightful lands and it also is responsible for the deaths of 4000 Native American Indians. In 1830, the population in the states of Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi and, Florida amongst other southern states, were growing rapidly, therefore it appeared that the “removal to the West seemed the only way to protect Indian peoples from alcoholic devastation and financial exploitation and to preserve the Indians’ culture” (Henretta et al. 2012, 302). However, this was not the case and...
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...form our Nation into what it is today. One of these new leaders was President Andrew Jackson. Upon inauguration in 1829, Jackson wanted to settle the ongoing issue of the Indians and the land that they held within the states; as a result most of the energy and resources of his administration were focused on settling the dispute and moving on with the Nation. Within Jacksons first year in office he had plans to relocate the Indians to west of the Mississippi. With the relocation, Americans would be free to settle the land vacated by the Indians. Jackson’s stance on the issue is that if the Indians are not willing to adapt they had to be removed and relocated. Jackson wanted to preserve the Indian nation, however with expansion of the United States quickly approaching Indian Territory, the Indians needed to be moved instead of killed off. Ultimately this led to the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The act was written and in theory was supposed to represent a voluntary movement of the Indians and relocate them so that the white settlers could settle the farm the Indian’s fertile soil. But in reality it was to force Indian off their land and be push them further back into the interior of North America, even more then they had previously been sent. The Indian tribes as a whole were being forced off their land from which their fathers before them have lived on for generations. As Jackson saw it there were three options for the Native Americans. One, to become...
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