...Seven Wonders of 21st Century Architecture You may not be able to name them all, but most people have at least heard of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World. Here’s a list with links: Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Temple of Artemis, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria . Of the seven, only the Pyramid remains, the rest we know of only through historic documents.[1] There have been other “7 Wonders” lists and in 2007, the Swiss government sponsored a project to create a new list, with selections made by popular vote. Over 100 million votes were cast, and the new 7 Wonders were announced as follows: Chichen Itza (the Yucatan, Mexico pyramid), Christ the Redeemer (Brazil’s enormous statue of Jesus), Colosseum (Rome’s arena of Gladiators),Great Wall of China (you can see it from space!),Machu Picchu (ancient city built on an unbelievably high mountain top in Peru),Petra (Jordan’s city cut directly into the side of a stone mountain ),and the Taj Mahal (India’s majestic temple/mausoleum).[2] But my final Cyber Journey of the semester started not as a stroll through history, but as a trip into the future of arts and Architecture with a look at another “7 Wonders” list – The 7 New Wonders of the 21st Century [3], as selected by Architecture, an online review published by the website Quazen. With no further ado, here are the 7: * Millau Viaduct http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millau_Viaduct ...
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...Archaeology may be one of the world’s most under appreciated subjects. Despite the seeming irrelevance Archaeology has with an airport it wouldn’t be hard to miss some blatantly empty slots of any archaeological display. There are numerous finds by archaeologists that have shaped history in revolutionary ways. None of which seem to be mentioned in the exhibit viewed by the author. Of these finds, often referred to as “The Seven Wonders of the World”, one in particular uncovered a history that human’s bared nearly no knowledge of, the pharos. Howard Carter was a dapper young man eager to make a name for himself in the archaeological world. After years of work he set out to locate a tomb that eluded all before him. This, of course, was King...
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...Review of Four of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World There have been many lists assembled from ancient times to present day noting the spectacular natural wonders and manmade structures in the World. The first known list of remarkable structures is referred to as the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Ancient Greek and Roman scholars wrote about these wonders of architecture beauty. Located around the Mediterranean and Middle East, the seven wonders were: Great Pyramid of Giza, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. This paper will review four of these wonders. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are thought to be series huge and magnificent gardens, towering over the city of Babylon. According to legend, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were created by King Nebuchadnezzar II around 600 B.C. ("12 Key Facts”). The king built these beautiful gardens to cheer up his wife, Amytis who was homesick for her homeland. There is no physical evidence these gardens actually existed, only the descriptions provided through ancient writings. The Greek geographer Strabo, who described the gardens in first century B.C., wrote, “It consists of vaulted terraces raised one above another, and resting upon cube-shaped pillars. These are hollow and filled with earth to allow trees of the largest size to be planted. The pillars, the vaults, and terraces are constructed...
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...M. Golden ARTS 111 Mid-Term Paper February 1, 2014 Wonders of the Ancient World Throughout ancient history many lists were created for must see architectural structures. These lists were generated by travelers during the prime of these structures and some even after destruction. There came a time where the Greeks compiled the list to what we now call The Seven Wonders of the Ancient world. These structures were all created over the course of several years, so some were destroyed by the time others were constructed. The tale of greatness will be retold through my eyes for four of these seven wonders. When the Temple of Artemis was first constructed in 800 BCE on the River Selinas in Ephesus, the Ephesians had no idea what all this temple would be put through. Asia Minor was known for earthquakes so the temple was built in the marsh land with the idea that the soft, marshy ground would absorb even the worst of tremors. The original temple was built as a sanctuary to pray to Artemis, the goddess of fertility, who the Ephesians believed also to be the goddess of the hunt. For reasons of the city growing due to trade and the fact that Ephesians thought the daughter of Zeus needed a larger temple, the temple was reconstructed to be larger than the original. However, the reconstruction did not last long. In 550 BCE, Ephesus was conquered by King Croesus and the temple was destroyed. The new king had great wealth and contributed to the rebuilding of the temple. This time it...
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...Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The canonical list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World includes: The Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Considered to be architecturally and artistically perfect by the Greeks and Romans, the Wonders were located in Greece, North Africa and Asia Minor, and are believed to have been built between 2800 BC, with the first being the Pyramid of Giza and the final Wonder, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, built in 280 BC (Rose). Figure 1: Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Map. Source: WorldAtlas.com The following pages will include an overview of four of the Wonders, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Colossus of Rhodes and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia, a forty foot high statue of the god Zeus, commissioned by the leaders of Elis, who believed that a statue of the god in whose honor the games were created “would maintain the pre-eminence of the god’s renowned sanctuary at Olympia, the site of the Olympic Games”(McWilliam, Puttock, Stevenson, Taraporewalla 13). The statue was built around 435 BC by an Athenian sculptor named Phidias who also built the statue of Athena in the Parthenon. Phidias is sometimes credited with developing a procedure called chryselephantine...
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...There are millions of ancient buildings but if you ask me which one shocks me the most, which is the Malta’s Hypogeum. Honestly, I have more favor on this building instead of the Seven Wonders of the World. First of all, I would like introduce this building to you. It was built in several stages. The first stage, also known as the upper level, it was built from 3600 to 3300BC. The second stage, known as the middle level, it was built from 3300 to 3000BC. The last stage, known as the lower level, it was built from 3150 to 2500BC. According to the information, the Hypogeum is covered about 470 square meters. The inside of it, there are lots of rooms and linked by the passages, stairways and hall. As there were no any machines during that period,...
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...GarHanging Gardens of Babylon By: Katerina Gillian The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are considered to be one of the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. They were built in the ancient city-state of Babylon, near present-day Al Hillah, Babil, in Iraq. Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the gardens to be built during his reign of 43 years between the years of 604-562 BC. He built it to help his homesick wife, Amyitis, who was from Media, overcome her depression. She missed the gardens and mountains of her homeland. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon impressed travelers and historians in ancient times. Although they no longer exist, the idea of such a magnificent garden still peaks the curiosity of people today. Architecturally, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were an impressive. The gardens were quadrilateral in shape. Stairways went to the highest terraced roofs. The plants on these terraces overhung stone column supports. Arched vaults were placed on cubed fountains. The fountains provided humidity that acted as a form of air conditioning. The shade from the trees also helped keep cool the gardens. The garden rose in close planted levels to create man-made mountain greenery. The gardens were supported by a detailed structure of stone pillars, brick walls, and palm tree trunk beams. These trunks were watertight. “Palm beams were placed over with reed and bitumen mats, as well as two layers of baked mud brick.” All of this was coated in a layer of lead. There were fourteen underground...
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...built in Egypt (ca. 2,551 - 2,528). This pyramid is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in El Giza, Egypt. It is also the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The pyramid is positioned on the west side of the river to symbolize the sunset of the pharaohs life, because the pyramid is also a tomb. Khufu’s mummified remains were to remain...
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...2012 PYRAMID I. Introduction: Nowadays, when we look at the huge and modern builiding around us, we often admire to know the way architects created them. Each building has their own features and very diversified in their shapes. Looking at how beautiful they are, we can image that the constructions need a lot of efforts from the architects and workers, and they may use many advanced and modern facilities to bring them the best work. Besides, if we think about the past, without technology, there would be impossible for the ancient people build anything amazing like these. But that is not true, and you will be surprised when you see how mighty the pyramids are. Especially, the Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the seven ancient wonders still remaining to our days and one of the most famous tourist attractions in the modern world. II. Body: 1) What is pyramid? + Pyramid is a structure whose shape is triangular and converges to a single point at the top. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape, and the square pyramid is a common version. + Most of Pyramids represent for the tomb of Pharoahs, kings of acient Egypt, who believed that they could take their bodies and worldly possessions to the next world by burying inside the pyramid. Usually, they started construction on their pyramid many years before their death. 2) How to build a pyramid? + The estimate of the number of workers to build the pyramids range...
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...Solomon’s Temple was one of the wonders of Ancient Jerusalem, the capital of Israel. It was one hundred and twenty cubits tall, and it was five hundred cubits squared in perimeter. Also, the temple was laid out in an east to west format. During the building of the temple, no hammer or chisel was used, but others were for different purposes. Construction took seven years, being built by Phoenician workers, who were skilled at building. The Temple had three stories of different sections and rooms. Some of these sections, the most significant ones, were the Ulam, the Hekhal, and the Debir. The Ulam was the outer wall of Solomon’s Temple; varying in thickness throughout its perimeter around the temple. Barely inside of it, in the courtyard, was...
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...What is the first thing you think of when you hear the words Ancient Egypt? For me, I think of Pharaohs and the kingdoms they ruled once upon a time. I think of the Great Sphinx and hieroglyphics and of the Nile River. I also think about the Great Pyramids, which are considered one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Have you ever thought about how those things got there? More specifically, have you ever thought of how they built the pyramids? The Great Pyramid of Giza (the pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu) is nearly twice the size of the Statue of Liberty. Many have searched for an explanation to these phenomena but none have come up with an answer that the world can seem to agree on. Countless theories have been produced such as the use of external ramps, the use of a craning system, or the use of a phasing system, among others. What could have possibly...
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...The Abu Simbel temples are two huge rock temples in Abu Simbel, a small village in Nubia, southern Egypt. They are located on the western bank of Lake Nasser, around 230 km southwest of Aswan. In the 13thn century, the twin temples were initially imprinted out of the slope throughout the supremacy of Pharaoh Ramesses II to himself and his queen Nefertar as a permanent memorial, to honour his conquest at the Battle of Kadesh. about 1264 BC and continued for about 20 years, the structure of the temple multifaceted happening in, until 1244 BC. It was one of six rock temples created in Nubia throughout the long reign of Ramesses II which was recognised as the "Temple of Ramesses, adored by Amun". Their drive was to impress Egypt's southern neighbours, and similarly to strengthen the position of Egyptian belief in the region. The design of Abu Simbel couriers a amount of ego and arrogance in Ramesses II was said by Historians. The Great Temple at Abu Simbel, which removed around twenty years to build, was finished about year 24 of the supremacy of Ramesses the Great. It was devoted to the gods Amun, Ra-Horakhty, and Ptah as well as to the sacred Rameses himself. It is one of the greatest attractive in Egypt and usually measured the most attractive of the temples custom-built throughout the reign of Rameses II, and. Four colossal 20 meter figurines of the king with the dual Atef crown of Upper and Lower Egypt adorn the frontage of the temple, which...
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...to which she published her article “Wonder Woman.” In her article, Steinem wrote about Wonder Woman’s background and life along with the representation of women in comic books and how these different depictions can influence and inspire predominately younger audiences regardless of gender. Steinem’s style is focused mainly on logos to relay a clear image of Wonder Woman as a character and her impact on readers. She ultimately wanted to inform the reader of the importance of Wonder Woman’s effect on youth in a platform largely directed by the patriarchy and she made a compelling case with a strong, justified logos and clear ethos. Steinem first wrote about her youth as a comic book reader and how comic books were the easily accessible and cheap building blocks to her reading comprehension along with “cereal boxes and ketchup labels” (Steinem). She discussed the psychology behind the need for superheroes in children’s mindsets as a way to better cope with reality and express their individualism but with every superhero being a man young women, like Steinem, had to project their consciousness into male characters suppressing their womanhood to only being a damsel in distress. Steinem wrote that Wonder Woman “rescued” her at the age of seven from the “weak, bosomy, blonde heroines” (Steinem) with her strength, wisdom, speed, and power to inspire love. Steinem being a young and impressionable girl who had read comic books before and after Wonder Woman is her ethos. Ethos is essentially...
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...Faux Falls: The unnatural wonder of Niagara What do you think of when you hear Niagara Falls? You probably think of a tourist destination with astonishing waterfalls . While it is a huge tourist destination for about 22 million people, it's not the only use(Lopez 2007). It's one of the seven natural wonders of the world. It has beautiful scenery and it's a breathe taking experience, but it has been modified for the use of hydropower(Lopez 2007). Beginning as a natural wonder of the world, it started after The Ice Age. Ice melted over, and drained into Niagara River, which caused erosion onto the cliffs between Lewiston, New York and Canada. With this now happening, it created what we now know as Niagara Falls (Niagarafallsstatepark.com, 2014). Niagara Falls isn't just one of the most beautiful places in the world but it is also puts out over 2.5 million kilowatts of hydro electric power, enough to power 24 million 100-watt light bulbs.(Lopez 2007). In 1950, the United States and Canada came to an agreement about the hydropower production from Niagara Falls. Inside of the agreement it included equal parts of hydro power, along with how much water is allowed to flow and also the scheduled months and times (Lopez 2007). In the agreement, the Canadian power stations draw 56,500 cubic feet of water per second and the American power stations draw 32,500 cubic feet of water per second. The flow rates of water are monitored by Ontario Hydro through a sensing...
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...I come from Quang Ninh, where is known as a name is land mines and tourist city. Do you know that, QN is a province that has the biggest source of coal in Viet Nam? We account for 90% of of Viet Nam’s coal. Beside, my hometown is also well-known because of having many places like Ha Long Bay, Cua Ong Temple, Yen Tu Pagoda, Bai Tho mountain and so on.They are famous tourist destination. Ha Long Bay has been twice recognized as a world natural heritage by UNESCO, is one of seven natural wonders of the world. If you come here, you should visit Thien Cung cave, Dau Go cave, Titop island,… They are somewhere that cann’t be missed when you go to visit HL Bay. The beaches are long and so beautiful, especially the beach is in Tuan Chau. The views are so wonderful if you see from a top of a mountain, or from a ship running on the sea. In addition, Mong Cai International border gate is also well-known. It’s not only a tourist destination but also a major and important commercial center. Because of being a coastal province, sea food is specialty of Quang Ninh. You can try some dishes are made from shrimps, crabs, abalones,… They are very delicious. And we have some other specialties such as nem chua, cakes nodded,… The people in my home town are very friendly and generous. If you go to Quang Ninh, I will introduce to you more and more about my...
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