...------------------------------------------------- Premarital sex From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pre-marital sex is sexual activity practiced by persons who are unmarried. Historically considered taboo in many cultures and considered a sin in numerous religions, it has become more commonly accepted by large portions of populaces indeveloped countries within the last few decades. A 2014 Pew study on global morality found that premarital sex was considered particularly unacceptable in "predominantly Muslim nations" such as Indonesia, Jordan, Pakistan and Egypt, each having over 90% disapproval, whilst many people within Western European nations were the most accepting, withSpain, Germany and France having less than 10% disapproval.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 Definition * 2 Prevalence * 3 Gender differences * 4 Ethnicity differences * 5 Safe sex practices * 6 Religious views * 7 Cultural views * 7.1 Britain * 7.2 United States * 8 See also * 9 References ------------------------------------------------- Definition[edit] Until the 1950s,[2] the term "pre-marital sex" referred to sexual relations between two people prior to marrying each other.[3]During that period, Western societies expected that men and women marry by the age of 21 or 22; as such, there were no considerations that one who had sex would not marry. The term was used instead of fornication, due to the negative connotations of the latter.[2] The meaning...
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...ETIKA PERBANDINGAN MPU2312 SEXUALITY MS. NORIAH Krishna Priyah Chee Long Kok Si Janice Ong Jonathan Chow Justin Bonus Phuah Kah Hock Wang Wei Shen INTRODUCTION In this report we will discuss about sexuality in general such as homosexuality. We will look further into the LGBT community between Asian and Western countries. Homosexuality has been a characteristic of human culture since the course of the 19th century. After the modern gay rights movement that began in 1969, in America, more people around the world started to change their mindset of seeing gay rights as “a mental illness to cure” to having more people trying to understand LGBT through biology, psychology, history and cultural variations of sexual practices and identity. We chose this topic because, gay rights has always been a sensitive topic for Malaysians today, this is mainly due to the fact that the government retains the colonial era penal code criminalizing sodomy and shaped by Islam, the official religion in Malaysia. In addition to the secular law, Muslim citizens may also be charged in special Islamic courts, the Syariah Court. In this report we will discuss the religious perspective of Asian and Western countries about homosexuality. We will go through the meaning of homosexuality in detail and ethical perspectives between Asian countries and western countries. Revealing statistical numbers on homosexuality problems and suggestions on how to be ethical when dealing with sexuality...
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...I. Introduction I was born and raised in Jakarta, Indonesia which located in West Java. Indonesia has more than 17,000 islands, and it’s the largest archipelago in the world. Each island has different cultures and languages. Regardless of all the diversity and an overwhelming size, the heart and soul of Indonesia can be represented by two islands, Java and Bali. This includes Indonesia's capital city of Jakarta. Balinese culture is one of the most outstanding aspects of Indonesia. Even though Bali and Jakarta are located in the same country, the cultures are significantly different from each other. The majority of Balinese cultures are based on their religion which is Hinduism. Therefore, Balinese have kept most of their traditional culture for centuries. On the other hand, Jakarta is a metropolis city and a lot more diverse and westernized compare to Bali. Some of the most outstanding features of Balinese culture include ceremonies of marriage, birth and death, holidays, social customs, unique time concepts, meaning of colors, ethical values, verbal and non-verbal communications. This paper will explore a more detailed overview of Balinese culture compare to the westernized culture of Jakarta. II. Balinese Culture compared to Jakarta Bali’s island is located just south of the equator and east of Java. Bali consists of active volcanoes, tropical rain forests and is surrounded by a variety of beautiful beaches. This island has turned out to be a popular tourist attraction...
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...[pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |MALASIYA |SINGAPORE |THAILAND | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |INDONESIA |LAOS |PHILIPINES | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |BURMA |VIETNAM |BRUNEI | | [pic] | |CAMBODIA | MALAYSIA Facts and Statistics Ethnic Make-up: Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% ...
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.... INTRODUCTION Child Marriage is one of the burning problems of Indian society. In India, despite amended laws advocating 18 as the legal minimum age at marriage for females, a substantial proportion i.e. every third adolescent girl in the age group of 15-19 year is married and every second married adolescent girl has given birth to a child. According to the Registrar General of India (RGI) Report (2001) Rajasthan has the highest (40.8) percentage of females ever married among 15-19 year old girls as compared to India (24.9 %) followed by Bihar (39.6 %), Madhya Pradesh (34.1%), Jarkhand (32.9%) and Andhra Pradesh (32.3%). Among the various districts of Rajasthan, Bhilwara is at the top with 61.9 percent. Reflecting the country’s diversity, few women (12%) marry before age 18 in Goa and Himachal Pradesh, while nearly 57 to 61 percent do so in Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Bihar. Differences by area of residence are also stark: 28% in urban areas vs. 53% in rural areas. Yet, there has been a slow trend toward delaying marriage: Nationally, the proportion of women marrying before their 18th birthday declined by five percent from 1993 to 2006 (50% to 45%).NFHS5 Vicious Circle of Girl Child's NeglectHigh MortalityMal NutritionNon-Preference for Girl ChildLow Expenditure on Health Care of GirlsLow Awareness LevelDowry,Child MarriageLow Literacy Level, Low Investment on Girl EducationVictims of OppressionGirls are socialized from the very beginning to accept the culture of male...
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...Georgetown Model United Nations Background Guide on LGBTQ Rights The Human Rights Council: The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system and a subsidiary body of the United Nations General Assembly. The Human Rights Council, which replaced the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights, was created by the General Assembly on March 15 2006 by resolution 60/251 and it has as its designated meeting place, the UN Office at Geneva (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights) It is made of up of 46 United Nations Member states which are elected by the UN General Assembly. The latter states are assigned with the responsibility of strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the world. They are elected by the majority of the members of the General Assembly of the United Nations through direct and secret ballot. The chosen members of the council serve for a period of three years and are not eligible for immediate re-election after serving two consecutive terms (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights) Membership to the Council is based on equitable geographical distribution. The seats are allocated as follows: 12345African States: 13 seats Asian States: 13 seats Latin American and Caribbean States: 8 seats Western European and other States: 7 seats Eastern European States: 6 seats The Council as a whole has its main purpose grounded in addressing human rights violations around...
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...[pic] Worldwide, more than 60 million women aged 20–24 were married before they reached the age of 18. The extent of child marriage varies substantially between countries, but about half of the girls who are affected live in South Asia. Child marriage is a violation of child rights, compromising the development of girls and often resulting in premature pregnancy and social isolation. Child marriage is becoming less common overall, but the pace of change is slow. In 34 of the 55 countries with comparable data from two recent surveys, there has been no significant change in the percentage of women aged 20–24 married by 18 – and only 5 countries experienced a decrease of more than 10 per cent. Questions Introduction: Child marriage refers to any marriage of a child younger than 18 years old (18 is the recognised age of adulthood according to the Article 1 of the Convention on the Right of the Child. While child marriage affects both sexes, girls are disproportionately affected as they are the majority of the victims. Their overall development is compromised, leaving them socially isolated with little education, skills and opportunities for employment and self-realisation. This leaves child brides more vulnerable to poverty, a consequence of child marriage as well as a cause Child marriage is now widely recognised as a violation of children's rights, a direct form of discrimination against the girl child who as a result of the practice is often deprived of her basic...
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...7/7/2014 7 Centuries of History: Colonization and Decolonization of Indonesia “If you are sufficiently determined to achieve something, than you will find a way of doing so.,” an Indonesian proverb utters. Spread across thousands of islands between Asia and Australia, today the Republic of Indonesia is the world's largest Muslim population in Southeast Asia as well as Southeast Asia's biggest economy. Nonetheless, the road to Indonesian success on freedom and independence was full of hurdles and challenges. Throughout the centuries, Indonesia faced Portuguese, Dutch and Japanese invasions, as well as governmental conflicts, terrorism, and natural disasters. In the hands of colonizing powers and invaders, Indonesian independence was not proclaimed until the mid-twentieth century. However, its history goes back to 14th century, way before the very first colonialism spark in Europe. Despite the scarcity of information regarding 14th- 15th century Indonesia, the presence of two dominant states Majapahit in East Java and Malacca in Malaya can be mentioned. Like many island countries, landforms and climate of the region had great significance on agriculture, trade and state formation in Indonesia. Java is the largest piece of the Indonesian island group, thus being land based unlike other states. The island is divided into east and west by a set of volcanic mountains, forming a spine along the island. The other mountains and highlands are the primary cause of isolated region...
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...ADOLESCENT AND EPRODUCTIVE YOUTH REPRODUCTIVE EALTH HEALTH IN PHILIPPINES Status, Issues, Policies, and Programs POLICY is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development under Contract No. HRN-C-00-00-00006-00, beginning July 7, 2000. The project is implemented by Futures Group International in collaboration with Research Triangle Institute and the Centre for Development and Population Activities (CEDPA). Photos selected from M/MC Photoshare at www.jhuccp.org/mmc. Photographers (from top): Lauren Goodsmith, Tod Shapera, and Reproductive Health Association of Cambodia (RHAC). Adolescent Reproductive Health in the Philippines Status, Policies, Programs, and Issues C. A. Varga Consultant I. Zosa-Feranil POLICY Project January 2003 POLICY Project Table of Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................iii Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................iv 1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 1 Terminology and age categories............................................................................................................... 2 Data...........................................................................
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...“How Structurism Arranges Marriage in India, America, and the Rest of the World” In fact, marriage in the U.S. is just as arranged as marriage in India. Outright if you were to ask someone if marriage in the United States was the same as in India, you would surely get a quick; “No” for a response since largely the United States practices marriages of individual self-choice while India practices arranged marriage. For better or worse, there are many reasons as to why both these countries follow their own marriage styles, but what happens if we were to look beyond what’s in front of us and truly study what ‘unseen’ forces play into a marriage. Would we even dare suggest that marriage in the United States (the freest nation in the world) is just as arranged in India, is it possible to see that arranged marriages in India are perhaps freer than a marriage of self-choice? First we must answer what is a marriage and what forces play into a marriage to truly know. The definition of a marriage in the 1950’s was the union of a non-related male and female backed by their family members with duties and obligations to love and care for one another with the prospect of having children. Nowadays this definition is dated, thanks to the study of Anthropology and the phenomena of homosexuality; a politically correct and culturally considerate definition of marriage would be; “a culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that establishes certain rights and obligations...
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...revised 21st September 2013, accepted 5th October 2013 Abstract If health is defined ‘as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’, it follows that existence is a necessary condition for aspiring for health. The girl child in India is increasingly under threat. In recent decades, there has been an alarming decrease in the child sex ratio (0-4 years) in the country. Access to technological advances of ultra sonography and India’s relatively liberal laws on abortion have been misused to eliminate female foetuses. From 958 girls to every 1000 boys in 1991, the ratio has declined to 934 girls to 1000 boys in 2001. In some states in western and north western India, there are less than 900 girls to 1000 boys. The sex ratio is at its worst in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat, where severe practices of seclusion and deprivation prevail. Often in contiguous areas in these states, the ratio dips distressingly below 800 girls to every 1000 boys (RGI, MOHFW, UNFPA, 2003). Annexure I gives the child sex ratio in different states and union territories of India as per the 2001 census. The Present paper analysis the Nutrition and women health in India. Keywords: Women, Health, Nutrition. Introduction The health of Indian women is intrinsically linked to their status in society. Research on women’s status has found that the...
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...Communication Skill course, you are hereby assigned a group report based on human trafficking in your eng-102 course. Assigned report must follow the standard system and methodology and should contain accurate data. This is a group task. You should form a group consisting of at least 3 but no more than 5 people. The university will appreciate any additional benefit that can be obtained from your report. You are required to submit the report on or before December 18, 2012. I wish you best of luck. Sincerely ………………….. Muhammad Zakaria (Lecturer) Department of English East West University Letter of Transmittal 20 November 2012 Muhammad Zakaria Lecturer Department of English East West University Plot: A/2, Jahurul Islam City, Aftabnagar Dhaka-1212 Subject: Submission of term paper on Human Trafficking. Dear Sir, We are the students of ENG-102 of your section 16. You permitted us to conduct a group report based on Human Trafficking in your ENG-102 course. You instructed us to submit it on or before September1, 2012. We would like to inform you that we have incorporated our own original ideas, collected data from various individuals, internet websites, newspapers etc. & have prepared a report based on human trafficking. We have tried our best to make the report as accurate as possible. We have given our best...
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...Scotland and Indonesia Scotland is part of the United Kingdom and shares a border with northern England; the majority of citizens are Caucasian. The country is divided into two regions: the highlands and lowlands. The highlands are a rocky, mountainous area with less population than the lowlands. There are not any big cities or land to farm; this leads to fewer opportunities for income and a low socioeconomic status. They are a proud group because of their Gaelic roots; they look down upon the British-like lowlanders. The lowlands’ mild climate and grasslands are favorable for farming and ranching. There are several cities and industries which are advantageous for work; Lowlanders have a higher socioeconomic status. Indonesia is made up of over 17,000 islands, but only about 6,000 are inhabited; the majority of the population lives on one of five main islands. Like Scotland, there are more opportunities for income in urban areas. The socioeconomic status of citizens in rural districts and on remote islands is lower; rice and tobacco farming are their main means of support. The main language spoken in Scotland is English, but the accent is very thick and hard for outsiders to understand. I interviewed K. Gow, a Canadian citizen, and through written questions, I interviewed her mother, E. Gow, who relocated from Scotland to Canada several years ago. K. Gow said, “You wouldn’t be able to understand my mum” (personal communication, July 29, 2012), and offered to interpret. E...
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...Patriarchy is best defined as control by men. The opposite is matriarchy which means women are in charge and the head of families. Obviously, the culture of the United States and most other countries is patriarchal. Men have the power and control the women. If you don't believe that consider the basics of how our society functions. Women constantly must fight for their rights and sometimes they struggle just to survive without the power and domination of men threatening them. Whether an individual woman wants to conquer patriarchy will come from her desire to be independent and defined outside the context of men. Look to most world leaders to see how powerful patriarchy is. Women are certainly as capable as men to be President of the United States, yet they are not and probably won't be any time soon. Men have been in that role for so long that our country probably does not believe it is possible. Consider who is typically at the head of a company or leaders in local governments. While certainly more women are fulfilling these roles, it is a constant struggle for the ones who are able to achieve that success with men having much more power just by their biological nature. Men have not had to fight for their place in society like women have. It has been an expectation that they will become leaders because that is what patriarchy is about. Much of patriarchy also has its roots in Christianity. Religions which believe the Bible or other religious text often follow it faithfully...
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...Name: Sarah Hong Kong's Troubling Shortage of Men 홍콩 남자 부족의 문제 Due to a growing gender imbalance, the territory's women have undergone drastic measures—from love coaches to liposuction—to meet a suitable partner. 성별 불균형 때문에 그 영토의 여자들은 적절한 파트너를 만나기 위해 극단적인 방법인 love coach들로부터 지방흡입술까지 시련을 견디고 있다. DAVID COXDEC 2 2013, 7:00 AM ET China’s just-loosened one-child policy has warped the country’s gender ratio over the past 34 years to the extent that by 2020 there may be almost 24 million men unable to find a partner. But in the special administrative region of Hong Kong, a jurisdiction not subject to the mainland’s laws, the landscape is startlingly different. The territory’s 2011 census revealed that there were 209,000 women living alone, a figure that is rapidly rising. It’s believed that one in five Hong Kong women born today will remain single for the rest of their lives. 중국의 느슨한 한 아이 정책은 비뚤어지고 있다. 중국의 성비는34년넘게동안 2020년까지 거의 2400만 남자들은 파트너를 찾을 수 없었다. 그러나 특별한 행정지역의 홍콩관할구역에서는, 본토의 법에는 문제는 없고 그 풍경은 놀랍도록 다르다. 2011년 영토의 인구조사는 209000명의 여자들이 혼자 산다고 발표했고 그 수치는 빠르게 올라간다고 하였다. 홍콩여자 5분의 1은 오늘날 여전히 그들의 남은 여생을 싱글로 남아있다. Phoebe, 24 and a newly qualified lawyer, is already feeling pressure to find a life partner in the next couple of years. “Most of my single girl friends are all panicking about finding their other half now because men have a tendency to favor younger girls,” she explains. “Asian men seem to be attracted to girls around 25 rather than girls over 30, so if we don't...
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