...main reason. (Shedlin, Michele G, World Book p.15, 2007) The idea of sex workers fighting for their human rights is a foreign concept to most people, even those who identify politically as progressives or feminists. Sex workers have lived on the margins of society through most of human history, and despite the prevalence of this work all over the world, sex workers are often treated as less than human, both in cultural attitudes and public policy. In fact, it cannot be said enough: sex workers are people—friends, neighbors, family members, wage earners, and parents—and they deserve the same human rights as everyone else. (http://www.ontheissuesmagazine.com/july08/july2008_1.php) Feminists and advocates of all stripes have argued that they want to work for the human rights of sex workers, often without an analysis of what human rights for sex workers might look like. While many people would agree that access to human rights includes the right to be free from harm, to have access to health care and housing, and to seek safe employment that pays a living wage, there is fierce debate as to what any of this actually means. (http://www.ontheissuesmagazine.com/july08/july2008_1.php) In many parts of the world, sex workers have been among the groups most vulnerable to and most affected by HIV since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic. After more than a decade of research and intervention in sex work settings there is a substantial body of knowledge on the behaviours...
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...International Conference on Advanced Management Science IPEDR vol.19 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Review of studies on infidelity Bahareh Zare1+ 1 Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht branch, marvdasht, shiraz, iran. Abstract. This paper reviews empirical studies over the past decades from all over the world in order to assess what researchers have done about infidelity issue and identify gaps in the literature where further research is needed. These studies are categorized into eight groups: 1) Different types of infidelity 2) Gender difference in infidelity 3) Education level and infidelity 4) Genetic effect on infidelity 5) Personality and infidelity 6) Reasons of infidelity 7) Consequences of infidelity 8) Infidelity and treatments. The existing body of knowledge relating to these groups of studies will be summarized in this paper. Key words: Infidelity, Personality, Gender, Education Level, Genetic Effect. 1. Introduction Nowadays, infidelity is a most important reason of divorces. Based on research reports, 90% of all divorces involve infidelity. The most consistent data on infidelity drives from the General Social Survey which sponsored by the National Science Foundation to track the opinions of Americans about social behaviors since 1972. The survey data shows that in any given year, about 10% of married couples (12% men and 7% of women) have engaged in sex outside their marriage. But detailed analysis of the data from 1991 to 2006 shows surprising shifts....
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...Sex education in the United States is a controversial subject. There are many forms of sex education but the two basic forms are abstinence-only and comprehensive. Abstinence-only sex education teaches students to abstain from sex until marriage. Comprehensive sex education provides students with knowledge about the human body both male and female, knowledge about pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, how these diseases are transmitted and how to prevent them, when to get tested for diseases and the symptoms of these diseases to know if you are infected by one. Comprehensive sex education does not encourage adolescents to have sex but it does acknowledge the potential for them to participate in the act. Literature Review In “Abstinence-Only...
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...EARLY BOY-GIRL RELATIONSHIP: ITS EFFECT TO THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SECOND YEAR STUDENT OF DREESMNHS SY: 2011-2012 A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the High School Department Don Ruben E. Ecleo Sr. Memorial National High School In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For English for Research II BY: LANCE SPENCER L. LLORCA JINCKEY F. SALAR BLESSY MAE G. QUIGAO DECEMBER 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TITLE………………………………………………………………………. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………… i CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND THE REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE INTRODUCTION 1 REVIEW OF RELATED RETELATURE 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 5 HYPOTHESIS 5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5 SCOPE OF LIMITATION 6 DEFINITION OF TERMS 6 CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN ...
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...Patricia Lynard Literature Review SOWK 469 Applied Social Work Research Kofi Danso, Instructor Minnesota State University, Mankato March 6, 2013 Background/Intervention Someone who identifies as homeless LGBT youth is someone who fits into three categories combine. Firstly, they are young usually between the ages of 13-17 years of age. They are also homeless which loosely describes a person without a regular dwelling. There are several reasons why someone may become homeless; some examples include financial difficulties or family problems that force someone out of their home. The last category is an individual who identifies as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT). It is estimated that people who identify as LGBT make up 20% of the homeless population (Van Leeuwen, Boyle, Salomonsen-Sautel, Baker, Garcia, Hoffman, & Hopfer, 2006). When these categories are combined the individual is considered homeless LGBT youth, which is the focus of this literature review. The interventions for homeless LGBT youth are limited, but they can access local homeless shelters they however run the threat of being harassed by other people using the facilities for their sexual orientation. There a few organizations designed to help the homeless LGBT youth these interventions provide emergency housing for LGBT youth who have either been thrown out or have run away from their homes (Rosario, Schrimshaw, & Hunter, 2012). Purpose The purpose of this literature review is to examine...
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...England than any other western European countries. Due to the severity of the associated effects of teenage pregnancies in the country, the government has developing ways to minimize or rather mitigate the increasing rate of teenage pregnancies in England. The paper addresses the extent of how government initiated strategies has impacted on the overall teenage pregnancies problem. DEDICATION (OPTIONAL) TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT 2 DEDICATION (OPTIONAL) 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 5 Introduction 5 Background 5 Problem statement 6 Research Question 6 Research Objective 7 Main Objective 7 Specific objectives 7 Research Justification 7 Literature search strategy 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 Introduction 9 Government role in addressing teenage pregnancy 9 Barriers towards teenage pregnancy reduction 10 Bibliography 12 APPENDICES 13 Appendix 1 13 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Introduction Teenage pregnancy is one of the most problematic issues in many states, but the UK remains one of the countries with highest rates of teenage pregnancies in Western Europe. Teenage pregnancy is where young women aged between 13 to 19 years become pregnant. In 2006, England had almost 40,000...
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...England than any other western European countries. Due to the severity of the associated effects of teenage pregnancies in the country, the government has developing ways to minimize or rather mitigate the increasing rate of teenage pregnancies in England. The paper addresses the extent of how government initiated strategies has impacted on the overall teenage pregnancies problem. DEDICATION (OPTIONAL) TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT 2 DEDICATION (OPTIONAL) 3 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 5 Introduction 5 Background 5 Problem statement 6 Research Question 6 Research Objective 7 Main Objective 7 Specific objectives 7 Research Justification 7 Literature search strategy 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9 Introduction 9 Government role in addressing teenage pregnancy 9 Barriers towards teenage pregnancy reduction 10 Bibliography 12 APPENDICES 13 Appendix 1 13 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Introduction Teenage pregnancy is one of the most problematic issues in many states, but the UK remains one of the countries with highest rates of teenage pregnancies in Western Europe. Teenage pregnancy is where young women aged between 13 to 19 years become pregnant. In 2006, England had almost 40,000...
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...CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Related Literature A. Foreign Literature Springer (2011) mentioned that sexuality research is an international forum for the publication of original peer-reviewed state-of-the-art empirical research on sexuality, theoretical and methodological discussions, and the implications of this evidence for policies across the globe regarding sexual health, sexuality education, and sexual rights in diverse communities. This multidisciplinary journal also publishes brief research and conference reports; white papers; book, film, and other reviews; together with guest editorials and commentaries. In addition, Sexuality Research occasionally publishes special issues on timely topics. There are evolutionary psychologists who had argued that same-sex attraction does not have adaptive value because it has no association with potential reproductive success. Instead, bisexuality can be due to normal variation in brain plasticity. In the past few years, it has been suggested that same-sex alliances may have helped males climb the social hierarchy giving access to females and reproductive opportunities. Same-sex allies could have helped females to move to the safer and resource richer center of the group, which increased their chances of raising their offspring successfully. Driscoll (2002) stated that homosexual and bisexual behavior is quite common in several species and that it fosters bonding: "The more homosexuality, the...
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...JOB SATISFACTION AT EDUCATION A Study of Uniglobe College A Research Proposal Submitted to the Department of Research, Uniglobe College, (Pokhara University affiliate) in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor in Bachelor in Business Administration By Dipa Shrestha Uniglobe College July 2011 Table of Contents Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Statement of Problem 4 1.3 Objective of the study 4 1.4 Organization of the study 5 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6 Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 7 REFERENCES 8 JOB SATISFACTION AT EDUCATION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Teaching is a noble and an extraordinary complex activity involving a range of skills, perceptions, attitudes, knowledge and sensitivity. Here, teachers must be more than mere technical or subject experts. A teacher’s growth is reflected in his or her attitude, philosophy, values, belief, interests and job satisfaction. Education is the major instrument to change and has significant task of preparing leaders for different walks of life-social, political, cultural, and scientific and so on. They play key role in the generation, transfer and application of new knowledge. The intellectual dynamism, resourcefulness and economic prosperity of any nation are reflected in the quality of its teachers and education. The challenge of the twenty first century is a challenge to survive as institutions of quality of excellence...
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...PEER INFLUENCE IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND SOCIALIZATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW by Nicole Marie Howard A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree With a Major in School Psychology Approved Two Semester Credits _____________________________ Investigation Advisor The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout May, 2004 ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT _________Howard__________Nicole_______M._________________________ (Writer) (Last Name) (First) (Initial) Peer Influence In Relation To Academic Performance and Socialization Among__ (Title) Adolescents: A Literature Review______________________________________ School Psychology (Graduate Major) Dr. Helen Swanson (Research Advisor) May/2004_____ 30__________ (Month/Year) (No. of Pages) Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition___ (Name of Style Manual Used in This Study) Adolescents have always been exposed to peer influence, but the kinds of peer influence that they encounter have changed tremendously in the past years. Peers can influence everything from what an adolescent chooses to wear to whether or not an adolescent engages in drug related or other delinquent behavior. This is an important topic because if society and education related professionals understand the issues surrounding negative peer influence, they are more likely...
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...Annotated Bibliography: What the Literature Says About Juvenile Sex Offenders The following articles, factsheets, and studies have been compiled to assist attorneys and individuals working on behalf of youth charged with sexual offending. The information contained in these resources aim to help others realize the fundamental differences between adult sex offenders and juvenile sex offenders, which include positive responses of juveniles to treatment, low recidivism rates of juveniles and negative impact of registries on youth development. It is our hope that this information will be used to improve legal outcomes for juvenile sex offenders, and uphold the purpose of the juvenile justice system as a rehabilitative, not punitive, system. PUBLICATIONS BY TOPIC Recidivism Rates/Amenability to Treatment Judith V. Becker, What We Know About the Characteristics and Treatment of Adolescents Who have Committed Sexual Offenses, 3 CHILD MALTREATMENT 317, (1998). The author states that comprehensive data does not exist to support the notion that if adolescents commit one sexual offense, they will go on to develop a pattern of sexual-offending behaviors or develop a psychosocial disorder. Michael F. Caldwell et al., An Examination of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act as Applied to Juveniles: Evaluating the Ability to Predict Sexual Recidivism, 14 PSYCHOLOGY, PUBLIC POLICY AND LAW 89, (2008). This study compared 91 juvenile males who had been treated in a secure correctional...
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...Recognition of gay and lesbian marriage and pluralism Word Count: 2024 What does pluralism reveal about the recognition of gay and lesbian marriage? What are the strengths and limitations of this theory in understanding the recognition of gay and lesbian marriage? Power overlaps between interest and political groups and as a result, political decision-making is reached through negotiation and compromise (Manley 1983). Indeed, when examining the progressive debate concerning the legal recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia, the perception that power is bartered through interest groups becomes highly plausible through the lens of classical pluralist theory. There are competing visions of diversity in Australia, and behind the main positions; supportive, neutral, and opposing, there are a multitude of perspectives underlying these umbrella groupings. For some in the community, the concept of gay and lesbian marriage is controversial, and its complexities raise fundamental social, religious, moral and political questions. In analyzing how power has operated in this situation, I will apply classical pluralism to converse sides of the moral argument to reveal how Australian attitudes have changed over time in a progressively consensual political environment. For this issue, the strengths of pluralism lie in its empirical nature; it is an observable and comprehensive view of understanding how power operates in society, with regard to a multitude of perspectives and...
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...Applying Social Network Interventions in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Systematic Review Communication 623 Final Paper Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Health Psychology Seminar at Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania by Qijia Chen May 2014 Instructor: Professor John B. Jemmott, Annenberg School for Communication Abstract The current paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on social network intervention in HIV prevention among MSM. I performed a systematic literature research in multi-lingual databases and located a relatively exhaustive collection of articles on social network interventions in MSM. There is strong evidence that such interventions are efficacious in generating changes in behavioral and psychological constructs that might lead to risk reduction in HIV infection and transmission. This paper identified several urgent issues in the current state of research development, particularly, a lack of theoretical development, an insufficient numbers of methodologically rigorous studies, and an absence of clear conceptual distinctions and implementary recommendations. The review also proposes potential solutions and suggestions for future research. Introduction Men who have sex with men (MSM) comprise the largest proportion of new HIV infections in the USA (CDC, 2011). Efforts to curtail the incidence of HIV infection require that at-risk individuals adopt effective behavioral changes....
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...The Effectiveness of Comprehensive Sex Education vs. Abstinence-Only Education Sexual education content in America continues to be heavily debated. The main purpose of sexual education courses is to prevent sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies, particularly teen pregnancies. Despite this, the United States currently ranks first amongst industrialized nations in rates of teen pregnancies and STIs (Stanger-Hall & Hall, 2011). Middle school and high school sexual education programs are particularly under scrutiny, as 15 – 24 year olds account for almost one-half of new STI diagnoses (Kohler, Lisa, & Lafferty, 2008). In order to determine the cause of these STI and teen pregnancy levels, current sexual education methods...
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...Sexual health education in the schools: Questions & Answers 3rd Edition Sexual health education in the schools: Questions & Answers (3rd edition) A resource with answers to your questions about sexual health education in our schools This resource document was prepared by Alexander McKay, Ph.D, Research Coordinator, and Mary Bissell, Ph.D., Information Services Coordinator, Sex Information and Education Council of Canada (SIECCAN) contEntS IntroductIon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 QuEStIonS: 1. Sexual health and Canadian youth: How are we doing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Why do we need sexual health education in the schools?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Do parents want sexual health education taught in the schools? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Do young people want sexual health education taught in the schools? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. What values are taught in school-based sexual health education?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Does providing youth with sexual health education lead to earlier or more frequent sexual activity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Is there...
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