...regional trends in human trafficking. Source: CIA, The Protection Project, and UNICEF Europe Though most of the movement is from east to west, many migrants from Eastern Europe are also trafficked east, to the Middle East. Important gateways into Western Europe are the Strait of Gibraltar, where North Africans cross into Spain especially during the summertime, and the Adriatic Sea, where migrants, often women and girls, are trafficked from Albania to Italy. By land, migrants from Eastern Europe and Asia follow the Balkan route from former Soviet republics and satellite states through Greece. Illegal immigrants from North Africa also travel across the Mediterranean to Sicily. Many arrive in Britain by smuggling themselves from northern France across the English Channel to the port of Dover. Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, young women from Russia, Estonia, and Latvia are trafficked to Finland, where prostitution is legal, to work in the sex trade. Russian women are also trafficked to Norway and Sweden, where prostitution is also legal. The Americas Most of the movement on this map is directed toward the United States, but a number of South America migrants are trafficked to work in the Japanese sex industry. According to Interpol, most human cargo is being smuggled into the United States by plane. Increasingly, victims travel first to South Africa, where fraudulent documents may be obtained. Interpol also suggests that seafaring ships usually approach America via the...
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...international powers. In order to develop on a global level, Japan began to introduce their industry throughout South – East Asia, Australian colonies, the Pacific West, China, and North American territories. In addition to exporting with these regions, Japan began offering government funded migration to peasants who were willing to work on plantations in the Dutch East Indies, Hawaii, and Australia. The second governmental task...
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...Argumentation Paper Thailand: from the outside Thai Sex Tourism: Are the Prostitutes to be blamed? “Unseen Paradise”, the promotion slogan entitled by the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) in 2004, intended to promote the resorts that are not spoiled by tourism. Entering to its website, finds the picture of Thai women -- whose back is smeared with mud -- looking over her shoulders at the painting of the topless Thai dancers (Johnson, 2007). This is where the heated debate arises, the caption beneath it says: “Heaven is now possible and right here within your grasp”. Because of the displaying picture that was supposed to be promoting Thai tourism, is rather seen as a provocative image. Foreign travellers view and perceive it as a selling of the commercialized sex, and see Thailand as the sex-offer country. The picture even increases the international reputation of Thailand as a “Brothel of the world”. A number of international tourists -- especially male -- visiting Thailand as they are , apart from other reasons, motivated by sexual services that are available at their hand in bargained-price (Hall, 1996). Normally, sex workers are the most focused medium in this industry. Many people condemn and marginalise them. They also claim that prostitutes are solely responsible for the worldwide fame -- or rather shame -- for the sex industry establishment of Thailand. However, the opposition asserts that, for the sex industry to be able to reach this magnitude; this problem is more...
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...necessary. With enhanced human trafficking policies and implementation; accurate crime statistics can be gathered, victims can be identified, perpetrators can be prosecuted, and organized crime patterns can be seen. This paper will be broken down into several components that cover this multi-faceted, illegal industry. First, a description and definition of human trafficking will be given. The current prevention methods will follow, including rough statistics gathered around the world. Next, I will outline the difficulties that law enforcement encounter with human trafficking. The strategies for improvement will make up the bulk of the paper. Human trafficking has been deemed the 21st century slave trade. Inadequate laws against trafficking and police negligence have allowed for this human rights violation to develop into a huge industry. Dr.Lederer, VP for Policy and Planning with the anti-trafficking organization, Global Centurion, estimates that the crime has become a 32 billion dollar industry. 600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked each year across borders. These numbers do not include those being exploited within borders.[1] While the sex slave industry gains the most media...
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...Global Employment Trends 2012 Preventing a deeper jobs crisis INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE • GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2012 First published 2012 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: pubdroit@ilo.org. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Global Employment Trends 2012 / International Labour Office – Geneva: ILO, 2012 1 v. ISBN 978-92-2-124924-5 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-124925-2 (web pdf) International Labour Office employment / unemployment / labour force participation / economic recession / developed countries / developing countries 13.01.3 Also available in French, Tendances mondiales de l’emploi 2012 (978-92-2-224924-4), Geneva, 2012, and Spanish, Tendencias Mundiales del Empleo 2012 (978-92-2-324924-3), Geneva, 2012. ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed...
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...Who Have Been Trafficked Into Australia for the Sex Trade: a research proposal It has become evident that our service, Women’s Community Centre, is experiencing a growth in the number of Asian women using our facility. A review of the case notes has revealed symptoms and histories that would indicate that many of these women may have been trafficked into Australia for the purpose of sex slavery industry. As a social worker, at the Women’s Community Centre, there is a need to research issues surrounding this cohort of women and the best practices that may be implemented to support them without causing further risk of harm. I ask that the board of Women’s Community Centre support this research. Human trafficking is described by the United Nations (2009) as the acquisition of persons by improper means, either by force, fraud or deception, with the explicit aim of exploiting these persons. World Vision (2012), state that people who are trafficked are placed into many different exploitive situations. These include: ‘commercial sex workers, sex shows, pornography….. non-commercial sexual exploitation through marriage’. They also note the rise in online sexual exploitation through the use of video-cams and the internet. Literature Review With the increase number of Asian women, who are presenting to our service, who state they have been bought to Australia and now find themselves ‘bonded’ and working in the sex trade industry, it has become evident that the circumstances...
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...Women and Children trafficking in Bangladesh: A Legal Study Md. Saddam Hossen[1] ABSTRACT Sexual abuse, exploitation, trafficking are nightmares for femininity especially for disadvantage groups and trafficking is the most heinous of all. Government as well as Non- Government Organizations is working for Prevention, Protection, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of trafficked victims and population at risk. Though among these, Prevention is the most effective to reduce or eliminate human trafficking it is least utilized. Perhaps lack of mechanisms by which to measure success or outcome of prevention activities is the cause of this. Still some NGOs are working on it. In fact NGOs have been the pioneers in bringing this invisible crime into the public domain by their continuous efforts. Government is now also concerned of it because of international pressure and concern. Government initiatives give emphasis on prosecution but it is a globally chained crime where prosecute real offender is tough. Rather prevention is the possible measure to stop trafficking. It is the only pre-trafficking measure which may help a young girl or child not to be victim of trafficking. NGOs are the only actor at grass root level working for prevention so it is necessary to see- actually what they are doing and has any change took place. . The study explains the definition of trafficking, causes and consequences of trafficking. It also suggest some recommendations for the preventio9n of this problem. ...
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...society. But in modern society this profession is being neglected and various social problems are occurred from it. One of the most serious problems is associated with the prostitution is the fact that the sex trade is surrounded by illegal, abusive and dangerous activities. One view maintains that such situations occur because prostitution is kept illegal and the industry operates on the back market. Besides these prostitutes are also sufferings in society. They have no status. Even their client also hates them. Prostitution: The word “prostitute” or more frequently “whore” is used as an insult towards a person (typically a women or girl) who is perceived as being sexually promiscuous (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prostitute). Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual service to another person in return for payment. People who execute such activities are called Prostitutes. According to Anthony Giddens, Prostitution can be defined as the granting of sexual favors for monetary gain. A key aspect of modern prostitution is that women and their clients are generally unknown to one another. Although men may become regular customers, the relationship is not established on the basis of personal acquaintance. Prostitution is one of the branches of sex industry. The legal status of prostitution varies from country to...
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...A number of women participate in human trafficking, not only as victims but also as traffickers. Demand for commercial sex is flourishing worldwide, where it is supported by prostitution and pornography. Every year, sexual exploitation affects millions of women and children all over the world, where transnational sex trafficking takes place across national borders, which demanding global cooperation to prosecute sex offenders and rescue victims of trafficking. The international nature of sex trafficking makes it very difficult to know how many people are actually trafficked. (5) According to global estimates of modern slavery, the number of victims of forced sexual exploitation is estimated at 3.8 million, as well as, in 2016, 1 million children who were victims of commercial sexual exploitation. The clear majority of the victims were women and girls by 99%. More than seven in ten victims have been exploited in the Asia-Pacific region. Followed by Europe and Central Asia by...
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...trafficking is the third largest illegal money-maker (Farr 2). Human trafficking is the purchase, sale, recruitment, harboring, transportation, transfer, or receipt of a person for the purpose of commercial sex (Gerdes 19). This being the world’s third largest illegal industry, it is rarely heard of and expressed. Human Trafficking is an enormous global problem. Of the estimated four million people who are trafficked around the world each year, over one million are trafficked into the sex industry. The volume keeps increasing. Researchers believe that the “actual” numbers are much higher than these estimates because many instances of trafficking go undetected (Farr 3). Researchers have concluded that sex trafficking is one of the most, if not the most, rapidly growing form of human trafficking (Farr 5). This industry is expanding at an ever accelerating rate, operating in marketplaces where supply and demand are high and risks to the traffickers are low, making it a highly profitable and enduring business (Farr 3). , The fastest-growing source region is the former Soviet States now known as the NIS (Newly Independent States). Not only did they serve as the fastest-growing source region, but also they were the introductory, contextual example of the supply side of sex trafficking. Most recent studies suggest that there are as many as 500,000 women from the NIS sold into prostitution each year. An estimated seventy percent of these women are trafficked to...
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...Mumbai vs Los Angeles Mumbai is located in India which is located in the South east of Asia. Nationally, it is located on the west coast of India, adjacent to and on the banks of the Arabian Sea. It is on the coats of the Maharashtra in the Deccan region of India. Los Angeles however, is located in North America, also on the south west coast in the USA. It lies on a hilly coastal plain with the Pacific Ocean as its western and southern boundaries. Background information on Los Angeles: * It is the second largest city in the USA * Population stands at around 4 million * Port of Los Angeles is the busiest in the US * LAX, which is the main airport, is the third busiest worldwide * Racial composition; White-49.8%, African American-9.6%, Native American-0.7%, Asian-11.3%, Pacific Islander-0.1%, Other-23.8%, Mixed-4.6% * Income per capita is $28,111 Background information on Mumbai: * GDP per capita is $10,595 * Handles 26% of domestic air traffic cargo, average of 40% of international air cargo traffic and 25% of domestics and also 38% of international air passenger traffic * Population stands at around 20 million-with an estimated 9 million people living in the slums * Religious composition; Hindus-67.39%, Muslims-18.56%, Buddhists-5.22%, Jains-3.99%, Christian-4.2%, Sikhs-0.58% and Jews account for the rest * For every 1,000, there are 899 girls which is blamed on sex-selective abortion Los Angeles has grown as a city over the years...
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...Common names: Golden snail (English), Golden apple snail (English),Channeled applesnail (English), Apple snail (English), Gelbe Apfelschnecke (German), Golden kuhol (English-Philippines), Miracle snail (English-Philippines). Scientific name: Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819) Synonyms: Ampullaria canaliculata Lamarck, 1822 Classification Kingdom: | Animalia | Phylum: | Mollusca | Class: | Gastropoda | (unranked): | clade Caenogastropodainformal group Architaenioglossa | Superfamily: | Ampullarioidea | Family: | Ampullariidae | Genus: | Pomacea | Subgenus: | Pomacea | Species: | Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819) | The Family of apple snails (Ampullariidae J. E. Gray, 1824) has 105-170 freshwater species with 9 genera and more than 150 nominal species. The Synonyms of this family is Pilidae. This family consists of two subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), that used classification by Berthold (1991): -Tribe Ampullariini Gray, 1824 - synonyms: Pilidae Preston, 1915 (inv.); Lanistimae Starobogatov, 1983; Pomaceinae Starobogatov, 1983. -Tribe Sauleini Berthold, 1991. There are 9 extant genera in the family Ampullariidae: +Tribe Ampullariini Gray Ampullaria , Pila, Lanistes, Pomacea. +Tribe Sauleini: Saulea , Asolene, Felipponea, Marisa , Pomella . The Golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata is classified under the canaliculata complex. This is a groups of very closely related species which...
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...339 What Is the K in K-pop? South Korean Popular Music, the Culture Industry, and National Identity John Lie* In the early 2010’s, the expansion of South Korean popular culture around the world is led by popular music, usually known as Kpop. In this paper I seek to answer two questions. First, what are the sources of its success beyond the South Korean national border? Secondly, what does it say about contemporary South Korean society and culture? Key Words: K-pop, Korean Wave, Hallyu, South Korean Popular Culture, Popular Music I. Introduction T he phenomenal success of the Korean Wave has generated collective celebration in South Korea.1 In the early 2010s, the national self* John Lie is C.K. Cho Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Harvard University. His forthcoming books include The Global University and The Consolation of Social Theory. E-mail: johnlie@berkeley.edu. 1. The Korean Wave is the literal translation of the term which originated in China ( ; Hánliú). The first character refers to “Korea” and the second usually evokes “flow” or “current,” signifying “style.” The same Chinese characters KOREA OBSERVER, Vol. 43, No. 3, Autumn 2012, pp. 339-363. © 2012 by THE INSTITUTE OF KOREAN STUDIES. 340 John Lie congratulation is especially manifest for the popularity of South Korean popular music (K-pop), which has spread from neighboring Asian countries, such as Japan and...
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...Employment Sector Employment Working Paper No. 74 2011 Global economic crisis, gender and employment: The impact and policy response Naoko Otobe Employment Sector Copyright © International Labour Organization First published 2011 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: pubdroit@ilo.org. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Otobe, Naoko Global economic crisis, gender and employment : the impact and policy response / Naoko Otobe ; International Labour Office, Employment Sector. - Geneva: ILO, 2011 1 v. (Employment working paper) ISBN: 9789221241690; 9789221241706 (web pdf) ISSN 1999-2939 (print); ISSN 1999-2947 (web pdf) International Labour Office; Employment Sector women workers / men workers / employment / unemployment / gender equality / employment policy / social policy / economic recession / developed...
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...Payne Professor Stephen Henrichon FYW-101 12/1/11 Sex-Trafficking in Cambodia Many believe that all types of slavery have been banished, but in fact sex trafficking is on the rise especially in areas like Thailand and Cambodia. Sex trafficking is a modern form of slavery in which a sexual act is forced and or the person forced to perform the act is under the age of 18 years old (“Sex Trafficking”). Since there have been advancements in technologies such as the innovation of the Internet, a drastic demand for this trade has increased immensely. Sex trafficking is the slavery of the twenty-first century, but has become one the world’s growing industries (“Kristof”). In fact, sex trafficking is the second most profitable illicit business globally, being a nine to twenty-seven billion dollar industry (“Sex Trafficking”). Since sex trafficking is the second most profitable illicit business globally many people are involved hence why there are over 32 million people enslaved around the world (“Sex Trafficking”). Out of those 32 million people enslaved, eighty percent of the victims are in sexual servitude (“Sex Trafficking”). Sex trafficking is everywhere, but many people are not aware of the issue. People around the world have done little to stem the tide of sex trafficking (“Cambodia”). With the help of people observing signs of sexual activity and donating to organizations that help victims of the sex slave trade, the sex trafficking can hopefully be put to an end, not only...
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