Question 1a
The formula to calculate the sex ratios is:
Sex ratio = Males Females x 100 i) Argentina
Sex ratio = 20 58021 190 x 100 = 97.121

ii) Australia
Sex ratio = 10 90910 858 x 100 = 100.469 = 100.5

iii) Denmark
Sex ratio = 2 7292 800 x 100 = 97.46 = 97.5

iv) Ethiopia
Sex ratio = 44 73546 139 x 100 = 96.95 = 97

v) France
Sex ratio = 31 84133 262 x 100 = 95.72 = 96

vi) Haiti
Sex ratio = 4 8184 902 x 100 = 98.28 = 98.3

vii) Papua New Guinea
Sex ratio = 3 1753 013 x 100 = 105-37 = 105.4

viii) South Africa
Sex ratio = 24 41224 592 x 100 = 99.26 = 99.3

ix) Switzerland
Sex ratio = 3 7593 881 x 100 = 96.85 = 96.9

x) Turkey
Sex ratio = 39 70939 077 x 100 = 101.61 = 101.6

Question 1b
Dependency ratio
Dependency ratio = population <15 and ≥65(All dependants)population 15-64 (labour force) x 100
The dependency ratios for the following countries are calculated thus: i) Argentina
Dependency ratio = 10 611+460426 555 x 100

= 15 21526 555 x 100 = 57.29 ≈ 57.3

ii) Australia
Dependency ratio = 3 978+ 3 05314 735 x 100

= 7 031 14 735 x 100 = 47.71

iii) Denmark
Dependency ratio = 975 + 9453 610 x 100

= 1 9203 610 x 100 = 53.18 ≈ 53.2

iv) Ethiopia
Dependency ratio = 42 058+ 2 42646 390 x 100

= 44 48446 390 x 100 = 95.89 ≈ 95.9

v) France
Dependency ratio = 12 068 + 10 90742 128 x 100

= 22 97542 128 x 100 = 54.536 ≈ 54.54

vi) Haiti
Dependency ratio = 3 491 + 3845 846 x 100

= 3 8755 846 x 100 = 66.28 ≈ 66.3

vii) Papua New Guinea
Dependency ratio = 2 253+2253 710 x 100

= 2 4783 710 x 100 = 66.79 ≈ 66.8

viii) South Africa
Dependency ratio = 13 958 + 2 78632 259 x 100

= 16 74432 259 x 100 = 51.9

ix) Switzerland
Dependency ratio = 1 163 +1 295 5 182 x 100

= 2 4585 182 x 100 = 47.4

x) Turkey
Dependency ratio = 20 935+4 94752 904 x 100

= 25 882 52 904 x 100 = 48.9

Countries | Sex Ratio | Dependency Ratio | Argentina | 97.1 | 57.3 | Australia | 100.5 | 47.7 | Denmark | 97.5 | 53.2 | Ethiopia | 97 | 95.9 | France | 95.7 | 54.5 | Haiti | 98.3 | 66.3 | Papua New Guinea | 105.4 | 66.8 | South Africa | 99.3 | 51.9 | Switzerland | 96.9 | 47.4 | Turkey | 101.6 | 48.9 |

Table 1: Sex ratios and dependency ratios of selected countries Countries | Core | peripheral | peripheral | Argentina | -- | Semi-peripheral | -- | Australia | Core | -- | -- | Denmark | Core | -- | -- | Ethiopia | -- | -- | peripheral | France | Core | -- | -- | Haiti | -- | -- | peripheral | Papua New Guinea | -- | -- | peripheral | South Africa | -- | Semi-peripheral | -- | Switzerland | Core | -- | -- | Turkey | -- | Semi-peripheral | -- |
Table 2: Classification of countries into core, peripheral and peripheral

CORE COUNTRIES The Core countries in the data provided in Table 1 are: Australia, Denmark, France and Switzerland.
They are Core countries because, they own most of the world’s capital and technology, and they have great control over trade and economic agreement. They are also industrialized capitalist on which periphery and semi-periphery countries depend on.

SEMI-PERIPHERAL COUNTRIES
The Semi-peripheral countries in the data provided in Table 1 are: Argentina, South Africa and Turkey.
They are Semi -peripheral countries because, they are less developed than core countries but are more developed than peripheral countries. They act as middle men between the core and the peripheral countries.

PERIPHERAL COUNTRIES
The Peripheral countries in the data provided in Table 1 are: Ethiopia, Haiti, and Papua Guinea.
They are peripheral countries because, they depend on core countries for capital and have very little industrialization and urbanization. They specialize in farming and have access to natural resources, which the core countries use to profit them.