...Gender stratification has been a hot topic as of late, and for good reason. The issues surrounding the wage gap include less pay for women, the lack of opportunity for employment and promotion for women, and the gendering of certain jobs that a demised more suitable for women or men. But, there are some steps being taken to counter this. While many parents, including Professor Stehle, are using forms of gender-neutral parenting, there are also efforts being made on larger scales.Engineering is generally considered a man’s job, but The Women and Minority in Engineering (WME) program at OSU is providing outreach to women and minorities in order to broaden recruitment and the interest in engineering. Women Engineering Their Future, Saturday...
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...Mrs. Teresa Call June 24, 2012 Feminist Theories The theory that I chose was the Feminist Theory. “The feminist theory in the realm of criminal justice considers the level of inequality prevalent within this social organization that operates from a predominantly masculine’s perspective. “Feminist theories explain criminal justice decisions as reflecting this male dominance and functioning to support patriarchy by discriminating against women and reinforcing traditional female sex and family roles” (Akers & Sellers, 2009, p. 268). “Conflict Theories are Theories that focus on the conflict between various interests within a society. These theories focus on power struggles and typically view the less fortunate and less powerful as victims. They see crime victims as exploited and as the prey of the strong and powerful. Changes in laws and economic conditions are often the remedies they seek for victims.” (Hutton, 2009) The feminist perspective will integrate gender into the equation as a means to explain the occurrence of crime. According to Dr. Erica Hutton, who is a full time Professor and Forensic Psychologist in Angola, Indiana, “Effective policy implications include approaching the criminal justice system from an angle that examines the gender inequalities within sentencing and treatment as well as within the human resource aspects of hiring candidates that are not masculine within a predominantly masculine organization.” (Hutton, 2009) “With...
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...proposes to change the current legislation surrounding the criminalization of women in prostitution within Canada. This memorandum suggests altering the current legislation similar to the ‘Swedish Model,’ through the criminalization of the purchase of sex while decriminalizing the supply in order to protect sex workers’ equal rights and reduce violence against women, specifically those within the sex trade market. Summary The current legislation on prostitution in Canada prohibits the action of prostitution, specifically surrounding the issue of solicitation and the use of public space. Although, it appears that prostitution is legal in Canada, the current law is riddled with arbitrariness, hypocrisy and virtually no enforcement. The current law reflects inherent bias and sexism towards women who decide to work within the sex industry and forces women to work in dangerous isolation, afraid to seek help. This reinforces patriarchal norms that insist women seduce men to the point where they no longer have any self-control, placing societal blame on the woman. This sexism locks women in to prostitution where they are subject to rape, violence or physical and psychological trauma. In Canada, Aboriginal women are over-represented within the sex trade industry because of vulnerability to exploitation driven by poverty. The current legislation does not adhere to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, negating women’s right to equal opportunities and the personal autonomy over their...
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... “Trafficking in Women” b. Why did you choose this particular topic? Today, we can read and watch lots of news from the press about inequalities between men and women, the factors which shape women's choices and how they enter the trafficking situation. For this reason, I want to explore the factors that make women vulnerable to sex trafficking, and emphasize the value of being a women with the view how women should be equal as men in every part of life. c. What about this topic interests you? It is very abrasive that men see women as invaluable things and make money on their lives. As a woman, I never want to live my life like these women and I cannot be unconcerned with this injustice. d. Why is this topic important and how does this relate to the course content? This topic is related to our course’s content; directly women’s rights and generally human rights in the UDHR. e. What type of information do you hope to learn from this project? I supposed to learn about general terms of family structure, fundamental human rights about privacy, the aim of all abuses from the experiences, and the point of view about women’s value throughout world. I really wonder the focus-on this subject in world press, also I want to learn the punishment implementations and the legal precautions for trafficking in different countries. f. What aspects of this topic are researchable? And why are they researchable? The concepts of trafficking, enforcement, inequality, the...
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...People often believe that “Feminism” is just a thing of the past and now unnecessary because the patriarchal system is no longer subsisting. Women already procured the rights, opportunities, breaks, shots and chances, but they still tussle many struggles. As it is maliciously misconstrued as a way to dominate men, it just shows how little people understand the term. In clarification, it is no synonym to female preeminence or domination, instead, it peacefully advocates women’s rights. Feminism is definitely not a gender issue, but it is a humankind issue. So as people thought that women in countries had fully achieved their goals, they are all considerately wrong. Some of the major gender inequality issues facing women of today are First and foremost, the violence against women. According to the Philippine...
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...Women's Health Journal describes it best in their article, “The trafficking of women: a human rights issue” when they say “The sexual trade of women constitutes a human rights concern which reveals the gross inequality between the sexes and the subordination of women on a global scale.” (“The trafficking of women”). A common misconception is that there is not much we can do to stop this international issue, but by simply increasing awareness and decreasing everyday objectification and gender roles in our society we could lessen the number of victims. One reason that human trafficking has become just a global issue is “The gender inequalities which are at the root of this problem are directly related to the objectification of women in the sex industry; traffickers profit from this overall context of vulnerability in which many women and children live” (“The trafficking of women”). This proves again how dangerous the social stigmas our in our society, they are not small things; they are the seed of a problem that destroys the lives of thousands of people every...
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...Fitzpatrick Human trafficking is a threat that occurs in the blink of an eye. It mugs people of their right of inherent freedom. It is indeed, heartless. The sufferers end devastated, dejected and defeated. Those victimised may never be able to live normal lives again especially from the physical, emotional and mental trauma. They live in constant fear and may up end being psychologically conceded. It is an immoral state in which is one of the greatest ethical challenges facing the modern times It paints a picture of inequality. With this, it is every right over his or her life, and the victims are bound to sell their freedom. We as a collective should create more awareness of human trafficking because it’s one of the most occurring/progressing crimes of today. We as a whole should consider looking more into it and how it contributes/effects so many. Firstly, why it is important and what is the reality of it. –What we don’t know about it and how it should more focused on in the media It has established itself as a 25 billion dollar industry which has its principal participants as financiers, unprincipled recruiters and unethical public officials. Slavery isnt been a problem that has been abolished, and it isn’t something that happens in undeveloped of backward countries either. It continues in the most developed countries in the world such as the U.S and UK As we grew up, we have been “taught” that we don't value one human life over another, yet, human trafficking in a constant...
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...Bangladesh is a source and transit country for men, women, and children subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced labor and forced prostitution. A significant share of Bangladesh’s trafficking victims are men recruited for work overseas with fraudulent employment offers who are subsequently exploited under conditions of forced labor or debt bondage. Children – both boys and girls – are trafficked within Bangladesh for commercial sexual exploitation, bonded labor, and forced labor. Some children are sold into bondage by their parents, while others are induced into labor or commercial sexual exploitation through fraud and physical coercion. Women and children from Bangladesh are also trafficked to India for commercial sexual exploitation.Human Trafficking In Bangladesh Bangladeshi men and women migrate willingly to Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Iraq, Lebanon, Malaysia, Liberia, and other countries for work, often under legal and contractual terms. Most Bangladeshis who seek overseas employment through legal channels rely on the 724 recruiting agencies belonging to the Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (BAIRA). These agencies are legally permitted to charge workers up to $1,235 and place workers in low-skilled jobs typically paying between $100 and $150 per month. According to NGOs, however, many workers are charged upwards of $6,000 for these services. A recent Amnesty International report on Malaysia...
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...spouses. It is the performance for hire where there is an exchange of value, any of the following acts: Sexual intercourse; sodomy, or; manual or other bodily contact stimulation of the genitals of any person with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desires of the offender or another. Background of the Study Prostitution is the performance of sexual acts solely for the purpose of material gain. Persons prostitute themselves when they grant sexual favors to others in exchange for money, gifts, or other payment and in so doing use their bodies as commodities. In legal terms, the word prostitute refers only to those who engage overtly in such sexual-economic transactions, usually for a specified sum of money. Prostitutes may be of either sex, but throughout history the majorities have been women, reflecting both the traditional socioeconomic dependence of women and the tendency to exploit female sexuality. Although prostitution has often been characterized as the “world’s oldest profession,” the concept of women as property, which prevailed in most cultures until the end of the 19th century, meant that the profits of the profession most often accrued to the men who controlled it. Men have traditionally been characterized as procurers and customers, but they are increasingly being identified as prostitutes. They generally serve male customers and sometimes impersonate women (Prostitution.http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=219912). Statement of the Problem The...
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...Liberal Feminism In today’s society, women are greatly advancing politically and economically due to the contributions of liberal feminists that began in the mid to late 20th century. Liberal feminists believe that gender differences should not be derived from biology and therefore, men and women should be treated equally and have equal rights under the law and in the workplace. However, there are a few limitations to liberal feminism including denigrating women traits such as empathy and nurturing in order to increase women’s social status in society. One major achievement that liberal feminism has achieved is getting gender equality for women in the workplace and education, written in the civil rights laws in the United States. In the workplace, women have always faced discrimination by men through hiring, promotion and lower salaries. Liberal feminism has been trying to break these obstacles to help women find an easier passage to occupations that are usually conquered by men. The concepts of gate keeping, glass ceiling and gendered job queues are what liberal feminism have been fighting against to insure that women receive the same occupations, wages and benefits as men do. Affirmative Action was created to rectify the gender, racial and ethnical imbalance in the workplace which also helped women exceed without discrimination. Not only has liberal feminism advanced women with general occupations, but also with government positions. Liberal feminists have been encouraging...
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...Human Trafficking Article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons defines Trafficking in Persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs ( www.unodc.org). Human trafficking has become a major problem worldwide which affects many people it is also a serious crime and a violation in human rights. An estimated 600-800 thousand people are moved unwillingly between international borders each year). There is an even larger number of 12.3 million people who are estimated to be forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and the sex trade. A majority of the people forced into labor, especially into the sex trade, are children, most of which are women, at an estimated 1 million children per year. There is a large amount of violence and abuse involved in sex slavery, many times leading to death. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex...
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...Introduction Gender-based violence is violence against women based on women’s subordinate status in society. It includes any act or threat by men or male dominated institutions that inflict physical, sexual, or psychological harm on a woman or girl because of their gender. In most cultures, traditional beliefs, norms and social institutions legitimize and therefore perpetuate violence against women. Gender-based violence includes physical, sexual and psychological violence such as domestic violence; sexual abuse, including rape and sexual abuse of children by family members; forced pregnancy; sexual slavery; traditional practices harmful to women, such as honor killings, burning or acid throwing, female genital mutilation, dowry-related violence; violence in armed conflict, such as murder and rape; and emotional abuse, such as coercion and abusive language. Trafficking of women and girls for prostitution, forced marriage, sexual harassment and intimidation at work are additional examples of violence against women. Gender violence occurs in both the ‘public’ and ‘private’ spheres. Such violence not only occurs in the family and in the general community, but is sometimes also perpetuated by the state through policies or the actions of agents of the state such as the police, military or immigration authorities. Gender-based violence happens in all societies, across all social classes, with women particularly at risk from men they know. (United Nations declaration...
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...The world seems sex trafficking as something that the victims are forced into while prostitution is seen as an occupation that people willingly do but this is not true. Studies have shown that 95 % of prostituted women want to come out of prostitution but cannot leave due to circumstances like having no other job skills, need food and shelter for themselves and family members and they are being under the control of their pimp and are not allowed to leave. If they are unable to leave, just like the victims of sex trafficking cannot leave, does that not mean that prostitution is the another type of sex trafficking? Thus both sex trafficking and prostitution prey on women and girls who are vulnerable due to poverty, discrimination and violence. Accessible and cheap internet shops, affordable wireless connectivity, and the ubiquity of webcams and internet enable mobile devices become the basic tools of this...
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...Human trafficking Human relationship is the joy of life. it is the scent in our life. The world seems to be a place for true pleasure and happiness till the moment we live it truthfully and cordially. but the world is no simple place to live in . It has been always complicated and filled with worries. the beauty of the world is destroyed by the misdeeds of human - something what we call crime. The string of human relation which is smooth as well as delicate is broken by criminal activities. And one of the most threatning crime is human trafficking- the fastest growing criminal activity in the world. Human trfficking is the third largest organised crime after drugs and arms trade across the globe. According to the defination of the united nation...
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...paid their money. They used me. I was their property for the night. They destroyed me. (14-year-old girl at Casa Hogar, a shelter in Costa Rica for children rescued from the country’s sex trade1) OVERVIEW Prostitution has been called the world’s oldest “profession.” In reality, it is the world’s oldest “oppression” and continues to be one of the most overlooked human rights abuses of women on the planet today. 2 Prostitution of women is a particularly lethal form of violence against women, and a violation of a woman’s most basic human rights. While society attempts to normalize prostitution on a variety of levels (discussed later in this paper), prostituted women are subjected to violence and abuse at the hands of paying “clients.” For the vast majority of prostituted women, “prostitution is the experience of being hunted, dominated, harassed, assaulted and battered.” 3 It is “sexual terrorism against women at the hands of men and little is being done to stop the carnage.”4And in “no other so-called profession are so many women murdered each year.” 5 More than anything, prostitution is not a choice, as some claim. Survivors of prostitution have described it as “the choice made by those who have no choice.” 6 The global forces that “choose” women for prostitution include, among others, gender discrimination, race discrimination, poverty, abandonment,...
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