...actually observed individuals engaging in sexual behavior. Their work resulted in the establishment of the Sexual Response Cycle which continues to shape the way in which we view sexual functioning, even today. The sequence of phases in Masters and Johnson's model of sexual response is: Excitement phase: Physiological arousal increases quickly. Muscle tension, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate increase. In men, the penis gets erect and the testes swell. In women, the clitoris hardens and swells, the vaginal lips open, and the vagina lubricates. Plateau phase: Physiological arousal continues. In women, the clitoris retracts under the clitoral hood. Men may secrete a small amount of fluid from the penis. Orgasm phase: Physiological arousal peaks. Men ejaculate seminal fluid. Both men and women experience muscular contractions in the pelvic area, along with a sensation of pleasure. Resolution phase: Physiological responses return to normal levels. Men then go through a refractory period that can vary in length, during which they are not responsive to stimulation. The refractory period tends to get longer as men age. Some sex scholars have suggested that an important flaw in the Masters and Johnson research on human sexual response is their inclusion of only orgasmic subjects in their sample. Masters and Johnson studied a biased sample of people. The sample included only people who were both willing and able to perform sexual acts in a laboratory setting. Masters and...
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...The Sexual Response Cycle PSY/210 November 5, 2011 The Sexual Response Cycle The sexual response cycle is used to describe the different phases both men and women experience when sexually aroused. The cycle refers to the “sequence of physical and emotional changes that occur as a person becomes sexually aroused and participates in sexually stimulating activities, including intercourse and masturbation.” WebMD (2005-2011). The cycle is broken down into four different phases. The excitement phase, the plateau phase, the orgasmic phase, and the resolution phase Nevid and Rathus (2005). Below, I will break each phase down and describe how they affect both men and women and the similarities they have. The Excitement Phase The first phase of the sexual response cycle is the excitement phase. In this first phase an engorgement of blood vessels, also called vasocongestion, begins after 3 to 8 seconds for men and 10 to 30 seconds for women after erotic physical or mental stimulation Nevid and Rathus (2005). This is the phase where the body prepares for sexual intercourse. The male testes rise and the skin on the scrotum thickens and tenses. The vasocongestion results in erection for males. The female also experiences vasocongestion by swelling in the clitoris, vaginal tissues, and areas around the vagina. This phase also makes the skin flush and rosy. It is more noticeable in females. Males and female both experience their nipples becoming erect and harden as well as a blood...
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...Vasocongestion and myotonia breaks down and characterizes the sexual response cycle. By definition, Vasocongestion is a term for the swelling of genital tissues with blood. Myotonia, by definition, is simply muscle tension caused by sexual stimulation/arousal. As you read you will come to find that both men and women share these two main functions of sexual stimulation that, as stated earlier, characterize the Sexual Response Cycle. (Nevid 2005) Four Phases in the Sexual Response Cycle Excitement Phase is the Sexual Response Cycle’s very first phase. For a female, the excitement phase can be seen by the “vaginal lubrication”, seductive movement in body language, enlargement of breasts and the nipples start to erect. In more scientific terms, “Vasocongestion” occurs which is basically the swelling of the genitalia and breast. For a male, their penis becomes erect, the scrotal skin thickens and the testes increase in size and may be elevated. For both the male and female, their skins may start to appear to be a “rosy sex flush”, nipples become erect, heart rates and blood pressures quickly increase, and breaths become deep. Plateau Phase is the Sexual Response Cycle’s second phase which is also known as the “preparation for orgasm” phase. In females “vasocongestion”, as mentioned in phase one, swells the outer part of the vagina, then contracts “vaginal opening in preparation for grasping the penis”. In men, the sexual arousal is either the same or more intense, depending on the...
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...The Sexual Response Cycle When dealing with the sexual response cycle there are four phases we go through. The different sexual responses happen in the body during sexual arousal. Vasocongestion is defined as the engorgement of blood vessels with blood, which swells the genitals and breasts during sexual arousal. Myotonia is defines as muscle tensions, to include facial expressions, hand and feet spasms, and orgasmic spasms. The four phases that happens in the sexual response cycle are excitement, plateau, orgasmic, and the resolution phase. The excitement phases would be the first phase which in male it causes erections within 3 to 8 seconds after stimulation begins. In males the scrotal skin thickens and the testes increase in size and become elevated. In females, excitement is characterized by vaginal lubrication, which may start 10 to 30 seconds after sexual stimulation. The vasocongestion swells the clitoris and flattens, spreads the vaginal lips, and the breasts enlarge. In both male and female the nipples become erect, heart, and blood pressure also increase. The second phase would be the Plateau phase. During this phase the blood pressure and heart rates continue to elevate in both male and females. In male they show an increase in the circumference of the head of the penis and also take on a purplish hue. The testes are elevated into the position of for ejaculation and may reach one and half times their normal size. In females, the outer part of the vaginal is swollen...
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...he sexual response cycle has four different phases that both male and females experience although normally at different times. The term sexual response cycle describes the changes that occur in the body as women and men become sexually aroused. The sexual response cycle includes both myotonia and vasocongestion. Myotonia is muscle tension that causes facial grimaces, spasms in the hands and feet as well as the spasms of orgasm. Vasocongestion is the swelling of the genital tissues. (Nevid and Rathus,2005) The four distinct stages that occur in the sexual response cycle are the excitement phase, orgasmic phase, plateau phase, and the resolution phase. The excitement phase is the first phase of the sexual response cycle. The excitement phase is characterized by stimulation. The female excitement is characterized by vaginal lubrication which can start anywhere from 10 to 30 seconds after sexual stimulation. The excitement phase can last anywhere from a few minutes to many hours some of the characteristics of the excitement phase are; muscle tension, heart rate quickens, accelerated breathing, skin can/may become flushed, nipples become erect/hardened, vaginal lubrication, the blood flow to the genitals increase which result in in swelling of the woman’s clitoris and labia minora which is the inner lips and the erection of the men’s penis, women’s breast become fuller, vaginal walls begin to swell, and the man’s testes swell his scrotum tightens and he begins secreting a lubricating...
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...The sexual response cycle has to do with the progression of physical and emotional changes that take place as a person becomes sexually stimulated and partake in sexual activities. There are four phases of the sexual response cycle: excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution. Both Men and women go through each phase; the only difference is timing. For example, depending on the time spent on each phase varies from person to person which influences the intensity and response time of the body reaching orgasm; it’s unlikely that both partners will orgasm simultaneously. Learning how the body reacts to the phases can help increase the amount of stimulation among partners which can improve situations within relationships; communication through physical expression opens doors to better understanding of one’s likes and dislikes. Many people struggle with sexual dysfunction; the sexual cycle can help pinpoint where the problem exists. The level of stimulation each person experiences are different depending on the circumstances; age and knowledge play a factor in the ease of arousal for young adults. Older individuals might require more mental and physical stimulation and intimacy to reach arousal. Behaviors also act as stimulants; watching, feeling and listening to a partner reach a higher peak of excitement causes emotional and mental pleasure. The first phase of the sexual response cycle is excitement; this phase can last for minutes or for hours. Some of the characteristics included...
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...The Sexual Response Cycle Your name PSY/210 May 23, 2010 Instructor Name The Sexual Response Cycle It has been found that men and women’s sexual response cycles are very similar. Our sexual response cycle is Masters and Johnson’s model of sexual response, which consists of four stages of phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Nevid and Rathus (2007) reported that “the sexual response cycle is characterized by vasocongestion and myotonia” (pg. 432). Vasocongestion is the swelling of the genital tissues with blood. It causes the man to have an erection and a woman to have swelling of the area surrounding the vaginal opening. Myotonia is simply muscle tension. It causes us to create facial expressions, your hands and feet to spas, and create those “wow” effects when we reach orgasm. Now let us concentrate on the four stages of the sexual response cycle. The excitement phase is the first phase of the sexual response cycle, which is characterized by erection in the male, vaginal lubrication in the female, myotonia (muscle tension), and increases in heart rate in both males and females. Men can reach full erection in as little as three to eight seconds after stimulation begins. The scrotal skin also thickens, and the testes increase in size while elevating. Woman may start vaginal lubrication in 10 to 30 seconds. This is when the clitoris swells and flattens as well as spreads the vaginal lips. The similarities in both men and women in this phase...
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...The Sexual Response Cycle PSY 210 August 6, 2012 The Sexual Response Cycle The sexual response cycle is a term referencing the changes that occur within the body as it is becoming aroused (Nevid & Rathus, 2010). This cycle, the sexual response cycle, consists of four phases. Phase one is excitement. Phase two is plateau. Phase three is orgasm. Phase four is resolution. Even though the changes that occur in men’s and women’s bodies differ in each phase, they do have some things in common. So that we may learn and better understand what makes us different and the same, we must first learn the components that make up the sexual response cycle. There are two components and they are vasocongestion and myotonia (Nevid & Rathus, 2010). Vasocongestion is the swelling of the breasts, the genitals, and even the earlobes (Nevid & Rathus, 2010). This event happens in both men and women. Myotonia is the tensing of the muscles, which causes spasms in many different areas including the hands, feet, face, and finally, the spasms in orgasms (Nevid & Rathus, 2010). In the next section we will go over the four phases of the sexual response cycle. Phase 1, excitement. This is the beginning phase and leads in or serves as a primer to the following three phases. It occurs in both men and women, and it’s when the genitals become ready for intercourse. When the man is aroused, his penis experiences a surge in blood flow and becomes erect, his scrotal skin thickens, and...
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...for special counseling to get her head back on track, after they first heard about the abuse – not inexpensive). The gal had SEVEN sexual relationships with other guys prior to this situation at 16 years of age – that’s a long track record for someone so innocent at at such a young age in my opinion. When you said “Katie Moore was unable to say “no” to the sexual relationship,” it’s more than obvious to anyone that any sexual advance from another in this society is open to the word “No,” unless someone has a gun or knife to your head. 2. What laws are applied in this case? Be specific. I agree with your report on this one and, yes, she was under the age to have sexual relations and it’s called Statutory Rape, but it surprises me that the parents had no idea of all this sexual “abuse,” she was receiving even continuing the relationship when she and her boss were separated and sent to different Starbucks stores. 3. Do the actions of the supervisor at Starbucks represent harassment? What elements of law are important for Starbucks to consider? I agree that the supervisor’s continuous sexual approaches at the workplace was sexual harassment at work. For some reason Statutory Rape didn’t appear to be in the forefront for Starbucks right from the getgo. 4. Evaluate the actions of the supervisors at Starbucks in response to Katie and Katie’s mom...
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...The Army Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program Practical Exercise .Read each scenario and determining the following: a. Does the scenario describe a sexual assault? b. If so, what type? c. If rape, what type? d. Who is the victim? e. Who is the alleged perpetrator? Scenario 1: Minnie Lee and Sandra Chip is both sergeant first class attending the Advanced Noncommissioned Officer Course (ANCOC). They have become good friends during their training and have a lot in common. Both of them are divorced and have one child. With only a week left in the course, they decide to go to the theater to see the latest movie. As they watch the movie Minnie asks Sandra, “May I kiss you?” Before Sandra can respond, Minnie grabs Sandra and places her mouth over her lips. Sandra struggles to get away, not believing what is happening to her. After pulling away, she walks out of the theater in a state of shock and surprise. Scenario 2: First Sergeant Lee asks SSG Long to befriend and mentor his teenage son Mike. SSG Long is a highly motivated and dedicated 24-year-old Soldier. Mike is 15 years old. SSG Long and Mike have spent many hours together, and Mike has become very fond of SSG Long and enjoys spending time with him. One day SSG Long suggests that he and Mike go on a camping trip. While there, SSG Long makes sexual advances towards Mike. SSG Long and Mike then engage in consensual sex. Scenario 3: Sergeant Major Wayne and his wife have been married for 4 years and have...
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...The purpose of this assignment is for you to become very familiar with a particular geologic period. In addition, you will gain some experience preparing to present, and possibly presenting, your work. The point value of this assignment is 10 – almost as much as an exam, so you are expected to “give it your best”. You and a partner will prepare a PowerPoint deck describing the geology and paleo-biology of your geologic period, placing it in the context of the geologic time scale. This will include the following (for full credit): • The geologic time period and, the Era in which it is located • The age (in years ago) when your period began and ended • The plate boundaries before, during and after your period, with emphasis on the changes • The position of the continents before, during and after your geologic period, especially North America (or what eventually became North America), with emphasis on the changes • The climate for the continents during your geologic periods, noting any changes • What marks the boundaries (start, end) of your geologic period – why is this time segment given “period” status? • What were the dominant life forms before, during and after your geologic period. To begin the process, it is suggested that you and your partner(s) meet to get organized and decide who will do what by when. You can meet either in-person or electronically. You could even use Facebook. • Decide who will do what...
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...use questionnaires because of their low response rate and lack of validity. Also, some people may give false information so some researchers like to stick to interviews and experiments for increased accuracy. I will explore why sociologists shy away from using questionnaires. Positivists favour questionnaires because they achieve the main positivist goals of reliability, generalisability and representativeness. However, questionnaires present a range of practical disadvantages that damage the reliability. Hites study of ‘Love, passion and emotional violence’ is an example of how these questionnaires have a low response rate. Hites sent out 100,000 questionnaires to Americans, only 4.5% were returned, merely 4,500 people. The major problem with this is that the people who have a lot more time on their hands, such as the unemployed or socially isolated, will return them, and the full-time working people will not have time to fill it out, so the researcher will only get a minimal perspective on the society he’s viewing. A higher response rate could be achieved if follow-up questionnaires are sent out or if the researcher collects them in person, but this is time consuming and costs more money. In today’s technologically advanced world, researchers can send out questionnaires in the email which is very handy for all people as they can sit from their own home and fill out the questionnaire and email it back. Another reason for a low response could be the time...
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...Refera The Pre-Referral Process: Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PBIS) /Response to Intervention (RTI) Anika M. Taylor Special Education Foundations and Framework February 20, 2013 Schools and entire districts have embarked on multiple strategies to address challenging areas for students with disabilities and those at risk for behavioral and academic failures. Over the years, educators and policymakers have recognized the need to create, implement, and document practices that have proven to make an impact on student learning and behaviors. Many of the strategies used have focused on the collection of data and the collaboration between and amongst professionals. Today, educators agree that the key to effective interventions for students at risk for failure and those with disabilities lies in a comprehensive approach that fosters growth in student overall learning and behaviors. Several approaches were designed to meet the challenges that students experience as they engage in their learning. These approaches include two processes outlined in this discussion: Response to Intervention (RTI) and Positive Behavioral Intervention Support (PBIS). Response to Intervention (RTI) integrates assessments and intervention within a school wide, multi-level prevention system to maximize student achievement and reduce behavior problems. The RTI process helps to identify students for poor learning outcomes, provide evidence based interventions and...
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...The Reality of Quick Response (QR) in the Japanese Fashion Sector and the Strategy Ahead for the Domestic SME Apparel Manufacturers Nobby (Nobukaza) Azuma School of Management Heriot-Watt University UK E-mail: nobukaza@aol.com N.Azuma@hw.ac.uk Fax: +44-(0) 131-451-3498 Abstract Quick Response (QR) has long been perceived as the essential survival strategy of the textile and apparel (T-A) manufacturers in the developed economies against offshore competition. However, the regionalization of global economies and active governmental investment in the T-A industry in the offshore countries has allowed the offshore QR to become increasingly feasible. This changing facet of QR may spell out more lucrative opportunities for Japanese "apparel firms", which have predominantly in-house creative and marketing functions, to widen the scope and the scale of their fashion business operations, since the economic upgrading in the Pacific Rim will create a huge consumer market that shares similar fashion trends as in the Japanese market. However, the apparel firms' production shift offshore has, on the other hand, threatened the existence of the domestic SME apparel manufacturers that have traditionally served their apparel firms customers, now that QR is no longer the sustainable competitive advantage of domestic manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the levels of QR implementation, identifying the potential pitfalls and drawbacks of the current QR initiatives in the Japanese...
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...as the Stroop effect. Studying this gives insight into the human mind. It can show how we handle interference across a number of different situations or how our automatic processes interact with and affect our controlled processes. The cause of the Stroop effect has been widely debated and researched over the years. Some researchers believe the cause is due to the fact that reading is such a well learned or even over learned process that it becomes automatic. When asked to identify ink colors of words reading the word causes distraction because reading is done much more often than naming ink colors. But where is the exact interference occurring in this process and why? It has been suggested that the interference occurs at the output or response stage as an individual struggles to express the correct color word from alternatives. Others believe the interference happens during encoding as an individual analyzes the word and is distracted from ink color. Still others would say it happens somewhere between the encoding and the output. All of these suggestions have various criticisms. The search for the correct answer to this phenomenon continues. Literature Review In an attempt to determine where the interference was taking place, Naish (1985) designed two experiments, the first to see if the interference occurred earlier than the output stage and the...
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