...Life Span Perspective Essay Mary "Beth" Walker PSY/375 October 28, 2014 Erica Yahya Life Span Perspective Essay Changes are always occurring in the development of an individual's life, from the day an individual is conceived to the day that the individual passes away. This essay will describe the physical and cognitive changes in the field of psychology that is called "Lifespan Development." This essay will also describe some of the theories involved in the field and how heredity and environment shape an individual. Each and every person goes through several stages, starting with infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, older age and then eventually death. The infancy stage, is the birth to two years old and is crucial stage for the development of relationships with others. The infant is totally dependent on an adult and learns that the world surrounding them is a safe place; this is the stage when bonding occurs. The childhood stage is two through ten years old. There are numerous changes in this stage; the child becomes less dependent on the adults in their life and gains more self-control of their physical and cognitive abilities. From the age of ten to twenty years old the individual is in adolescence, the adolescent is developing their identity and the thought process is more complex and logical. The early adulthood stage is from the age of twenty to forty years of age. In this stage the person is gaining financial independence, working in...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Developmental Stages Essay Adolescence is probably the most difficult period in life of every individual since it is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood. In this period adolescent undergo significant changes in physiological, psychological and social aspects. Naturally, these changes produce a significant impact on their lifestyle, behaviour, psychology, etc. Traditionally, adolescence is considered to start at preteens, i.e. from 9-10 years of age till 19-20 years of age. Basically, adolescence may be divided into three main stages middle childhood (8-11), early adolescence (11-14), and middle adolescence (15-18) while the last years of adolescence may be characterised as the last years when individuals completely grew into adults. Middle Childhood The first stage when children actually start to transform into adolescents begins at preteens and lasts until 11 years of age. This stage marks the start of a fast physical growth since at this stage uneven growth of bones, muscles, and organs starts that may result in certain awkward appearance. Some children, especially girls begin puberty at this age that creates certain difficulties for them, so they need access to information about sexuality appropriate for their age. On the cognitive level, some elements of childhood are combined with elements of adolescence. To put it more precisely, logical thinking starts to develop, though children are still have limited...
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...When G. Stanley Hall first introduced adolescence as its own age group, he changed the way that society would view girlhood. In Hall’s publication, Adolescence, he characterized this age group of being between the ages of 14 to 24 and exhibiting attention and risk-seeking behaviors, especially when it came to discovering your sexuality. Adolescents would go through what he described as “storm and stress” and would be in this state of unstableness until they found a middle ground as aged closer to adulthood. This new view of adolescence began in the early 1900s, around the same time that movies were reaching a wider audience and become more technological advanced. As adolescent girls were portrayed more frequently in films, they gave these...
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...Essay - Red from green – The physical changes, the insecurity, the desire of being independent and the need of confirmation are all a part of the transformation of becoming adult. Everybody has to go through the stages, where everything seems new and different – even yourself. This transformation has been described in the most famous stories, such as “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Sleeping Beauty”, and is also being described in the short story by Maile Meloy; “Red from green”, where the young girl Sam is experiencing the changes from childhood to adulthood very abruptly. When reading the short story you are not in any doubt of the main theme, which is the above-mentioned “the change from child to adult”. This is seen throughout the whole story, from even the small reactions running through her body, such as her insecurity and blushing when being complimented (l. 44; p. 2)) , to her very first experience with her sexuality in the form of physical contact with the grown up man: Layton (ll. 145-157; pp. 2-3). Beside that, the act of distancing from her father is also a part of growing old, and this is a very essential point of the story, since she decides to leave him, when accepting the scholarship from the boarding school. The shape of Sam’s state of mind is additionally confirming this changing. Sam is a very representative teenager in the middle of the puberty. She is really going through a development through the story; starting from a point, where the adultness has...
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...Developmental Profile (Typical) Introduction Human development is the process of growth from a one-celled zygote through to a mature adult human being. Development occurs in the physical, cognitive and psychosocial realms and can be influenced by heredity, environment and maturation (Papalia et al., 2009). During childhood, typical physical development involves the acquisition of the fine and gross motor skills including coordination, control, movement and manipulation. Typical physical development during adolescence involves pubescent changes as the body develops and matures sexually. During young adulthood, physical development involves one’s organs and systems operating at peak efficiency. As an individual moves through to late adulthood, these systems slowly deteriorate along with overall health, stamina and strength. In terms of cognition, thinking and problem solving skills, conceptual understandings, information processing ability and overall intelligence develop throughout an individual’s lifespan. With respect to psychosocial, this includes how a person’s mind, emotions, and maturity levels evolve. In terms of this assignment, the purpose is to present a profile of a typical thirty-two year old male and to analyse his development through theoretical perspectives. My individual is named Andrew; he is single but dates regularly, Caucasian from North America, is university educated and works as an accountant for a bank. Andrew grew up in the suburbs...
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...Different schools of Psychology to the advancement of the field of Psychology Psychology began or has its roots in philosophy, the mother of all sciences. Aristotle in his works speaks rather remotely on different aspects of psychology. Among some of Aristotle’s major and famous works namely metaphysics, De Anime; he speaks of the soul which in profound consideration could come to the conclusion that it sounds synonymous with our modern understanding of ‘mind’. Thus psychology was a part of philosophy from the very beginning through it stands independently now. Further long before Aristotle existed; philosophers like Thales, Pythagoras, Heraclites and Parmenides spoke on the same subject even though it was not that much elaborated. Here we cannot forget the contribution made by Plato. He very clearly explains in his dialogues further on this matter. Psychology originated very simply as a result of the development of the metaphysical approach of the people of different times. In sociology it is an acceptable fact that the prevailing circumstances and state of a particular social milieu make a great impact on a particular matter. This impact varies from place to place time to time depending on the social characteristics. By inferences the aforementioned is the reason why there are different schools in psychology. When we analyses it stands to reason that all psychologists were trying to deal with the same matter. They have seen the same problems or the issues with regard to ‘mind’...
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...supported by the Department of Health and the World Health Organization, convened the 2014 National Summit on Teen Pregnancy last April 24. This summit, which saw the active participation of adolescent youth, delivered a clear message: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH), or the lack thereof, is fast becoming the defining issue of this generation of young Filipinos. Without a robust response from all stakeholders, the Philippines is on track toward a full-blown, national teenage pregnancy crisis. Staggering facts support this call for concern. Recent (2014) data from the Philippine Statistical Authority (PSA) reveal that every hour, 24 babies are delivered by teenage mothers. According to the 2014 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality (YAFS) study, around 14 percent of Filipino girls aged 15 to 19 are either pregnant for the first time or are already mothers—more than twice the rate recorded in 2002. Among six major economies in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Philippines has the highest rate of teenage pregnancies and is the only country where the rate is increasing, per the United Nations Population Fund. According to Josefina Natividad, YAFS coordinator and director of the University of the Philippines Population Institute, young Filipinos have limited access to sex education and ASRH services, especially if they are underage and unmarried. Seventy-eight percent are not using any form of contraception or protection against sexually transmitted diseases...
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...Andre Ferguson English 120 September 30, 2014 Argumentative essay Promoting Sexual Education between Doctors, Parents, Schools, and Children as Early as Elementary School The debate over whether or not comprehensive sexual education ought to be schooled in faculties is not any less heated than it absolutely was once it 1st became a recent disputation within the 1960’s. Some argue that it shouldn't be schooled in the slightest degree, in or out of the house. What several area unit unaware of is that sexual education has been a significant ethical perplexity since the year 1892, once the National Education Association passed a resolution citing the necessity for “moral education within the schools” (Cornblatt). This hot-button issue has created notably slow progress over the course of history, mostly as a result of spiritual principles implementing political theory. Today, sexual education is obligatory publicly faculties in twenty two of fifty states within the U.S. as a result of very little advancement created within the administration of sexual education schemes, voters of the U.S. have unnoted a deeper underlying issue – which is, at what stage in adolescence is it necessary and most helpful for this difficult, life-long learning method to begin? Additionally due partially to the slow progress these programs have revamped time, some oldsters have even neglected to the touch upon the difficulty entirely. What’s a lot of, these continued failures to be proactive have...
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...Introduction: Prostitution is one of the most widely neglected but complex vices of a society. It is the oldest profession in the world. The word prostitution began to come into common usage in the late eighteen century. Prostitution is historically and culturally ubiquitous with every culture adopting their own standards and attitudes. In the ancient world most purveyors of sexuality for economic reward were courtesans, concubines (kept mistresses) or slaves. Courtesans and concubines often had a high position in the traditional society. But in modern society this profession is being neglected and various social problems are occurred from it. One of the most serious problems is associated with the prostitution is the fact that the sex trade is surrounded by illegal, abusive and dangerous activities. One view maintains that such situations occur because prostitution is kept illegal and the industry operates on the back market. Besides these prostitutes are also sufferings in society. They have no status. Even their client also hates them. Prostitution: The word “prostitute” or more frequently “whore” is used as an insult towards a person (typically a women or girl) who is perceived as being sexually promiscuous (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prostitute). Prostitution is the act or practice of providing sexual service to another person in return for payment. People who execute such activities are called Prostitutes. According to Anthony Giddens, Prostitution can...
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...NM1704: Applying a model of nursing roper, logan and tierney model This essay explores the preoperative care provided to one patient in a London hospital during one shift. This care was influenced by the holistic perspective to health. Arsing from the Greek for ‘whole’ this acknowledges physiological, psychological and social factors impacting the patient’s condition. (McFerran & Martin, 2008) It seeks to offer treatment inclusive of these factors rather than treating physical symptoms of a diagnosed disease in isolation. This essay will examine this within a Model of Nursing used in my clinical placement area - the Roper, Logan and Tierney model. The identities of both hospital and patient have been altered to maintain confidentiality and comply with the NMC Code of Conduct. (Council, 2008) During my placement I worked on a coronary care unit where I cared for a patient herein called Peter, a 60 year old White British male. Peter was single, lived alone and unemployed. He had a history of low mood and was admitted to a neighbouring hospital suffering symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome (acute confusion, delusions and tremors). This arises when an individual reduces or stops alcohol consumption after prolonged periods of excessive alcohol intake. This can lead to tolerance, physical dependence and physical disturbances upon withdrawal due to the central nervous system reacting in a hyper-excitable state. (About.com, 2010) He was transferred to my area...
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...Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism Introduction A very basic way of thinking about literary theory is that these ideas act as different lenses critics use to view and talk about art, literature, and even culture. These different lenses allow critics to consider works of art based on certain assumptions within that school of theory. The different lenses also allow critics to focus on particular aspects of a work they consider important. For example, if a critic is working with certain Marxist theories, s/he might focus on how the characters in a story interact based on their economic situation. If a critic is working with post-colonial theories, s/he might consider the same story but look at how characters from colonial powers (Britain, France, and even America) treat characters from, say, Africa or the Caribbean. Hopefully, after reading through and working with the resources in this area of the OWL, literary theory will become a little easier to understand and use. Disclaimer Please note that the schools of literary criticism and their explanations included here are by no means the only ways of distinguishing these separate areas of theory. Indeed, many critics use tools from two or more schools in their work. Some would define differently or greatly expand the (very) general statements given here. Our explanations are meant only as starting places for your own investigation into literary theory. We encourage you to use the list of scholars and works provided for each...
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...words:- 2636 “Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a clients presenting issue?” I will begin this essay by first describing Freud’s psychosexual theory of the five stages of psychosexual development. I will then look at some of the main criticisms of this controversial theory and how this theory and his ideas have resulted in a serious interest and progression in psychology and the psychological treatment of mental disorders that has stretched through even to the present day. I will follow this by looking at how I believe these theories have helped and effected how we understand a clients presenting issues. The five stages of psychosexual development as Freud describes them are as follows:- The oral stage (0-1 year old), the anal stage (1-3 years old), the phallic stage (3-5 or 6 years old), the latency stage (5 or 6 - puberty) and the genital stage (puberty- adult). Before explaining the five stages in detail, I feel it is important to refer to Freud’s theory of personality development and how these five stages effect that progress. It is also worth mentioning that having read many articles on the subject, there is a common belief that people may misinterpret Freud’s use of the word “sexual” and that he was actually using the term in a more general way to relate to all pleasurable actions and thoughts. In relation to Freud’s theory on personality development, he believed the personality consisted of three interworking...
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...Introduction Early adulthood is an important stage in individual development. It is a time where an individual leave home and earn their independent. I was 18 years old when many important events happened during my three year period.I am the oldest child and my brother is the youngest child. My mother I was born in Houston, Texas in the quiet black neighborhood. I am a Deaf and Black woman. I was a senior at Cypress Ridge High School and graduated at 18. I also graduated at Gallaudet University at 25. and I am really passionate to empower Deaf people of color who are experiencing employment discrimination because of our disability. This paper helps me to anylanize about my three year period and how my class, disability, family, religion and sexuality orientation influenced on my development during my middle childhood. The reason why I am choosing my middle childhood year is because of many important events that happened to me during my three year period so it is really an important stage in individual development. This essay comes with my background information about my family and important events that happened to me and influenced my middle childhood years. Individual Development Stage When I was 18 years old, I applied for Houston Community College. Vocational Rehabilitation counselor (VRC) contacted me immediately when they found out that I was Deaf. VRC serves and supports the people with disability to go to work or school and they were...
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...Martin J Skelton Word Count 2453 “Evaluate the extent to which Freud's theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client's presenting issue.” The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate an understanding of Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and how this theory may help us to explain and identify adult neurotic behaviour. I shall be evaluating the pros and cons of psychosexual theory and the extent to which it helps us to understand a client’s presenting issue. I shall also define and consider the relationship between the Id, Ego and Superego and the way in which these constructs of our psyche are in many ways representative of earlier experiences and of those early situations and conflicts we had faced. Freud’s approach to understanding human behaviour – psychoanalysis – has had a profound effect on psychology. His approach is one of many that share some common assumptions, while differing fundamentally in others. Contemporaries of Freud, such as Jung and Adler were inspired by Freudian theory, but emphasised different issues in human development and experience. Collectively these theories are described as “psychodynamic” because they emphasise the factors that motivate behaviour (i.e. the dynamics of behaviour). They challenged the biomedical view that mental disorders had physical origins. The psychodynamic approach views abnormal behaviour as caused by unconscious, underlying psychological forces. Key features of the psychodynamic approach ...
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...UNIT 3 TRENDS IN FEMINISM Structure 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Objectives 3.3 Liberal Feminism 3.3.1 Liberal Thought 3.3.2 Classical Liberal Feminism 3.3.3 Second Wave Liberal Feminism 3.3.4 Weakness/Limitations of the Liberal Feminism 3.3.5 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.4 Marxist Feminism 3.4.1 Foundations of Marxist Feminism 3.4.2 Other Key Elements in Marxist Feminism 3.4.3 Limitations of Marxist Feminism 3.4.4 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.5 Psychoanalytic Feminism 3.5.1 The Beginnings of Psychoanalytic Feminism – Countering Freudian Theories 3.5.2 Explanation by other Theorists 3.5.3 Limitations of Psychoanalytic Feminism 3.5.4 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.6 Radical feminism 3.6.1 Definition 3.6.2 The influences that shaped Radical Feminism 3.6.3 What are the variations of Radical Feminism? 3.6.3.1 Radical- Libertarian Feminism 3.6.3.2 Radical-Cultural Feminism 3.6.4 Radical Feminism – Its Structure 3.6.5 The Outcomes of the Movement 3.6.6 Critiques of Radical Feminism 3.6.7 Contribution to the Women’s Movement 3.7 Postmodern Feminism 3.7.1 Postmodern Thought 3.7.2 Postmodern rethinking of psychological explanation of gender 3.7.3 Postmodern Feminist 3.7.4 Limitations of Postmodern feminism 3.7.5 Contribution to the women’s Movement 3.8 Black Feminism and Womanism 3.8.1 The Beginnings of Black Feminism 3.9 Cyber Feminism 3.9.1 Origin of Cyber Feminism 3.9.2 Definition of the 100 Anti Thesis 3.9.3 Cyber art and its relation to Cyber feminism 3.9.4...
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