...Introduction – Shakespeare, author of 37 plays and 154 sonnets, is well known around the world. The question authorship of Shakespeare is an argument that someone wrote the works that was credited to William Shakespeare. Paragraph 1 – 1. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon Avon in 1564 and passed away in 1616 at the age of 52. 2. Shakespeare works are well known to this day. The most influential affect in English literature and language. 3. In the mid-19th century, the question arisen about Shakespeare authorship. It was wondered whether Shakespeare wrote those plays. Paragraph 2 – 1. Dozens of theories of authorship and among those were Sir Francis Bacon, whose might have written what was previously believed of Shakespeare works....
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...To be or not to be Shakespeare? The authorship of Shakespeare's works is the subject of ongoing debate in literary and theatrical circles, where it is doubtful that Shakespeare was really the man of Stratford recognized by the official story. This controversy surfaced because it is difficult to believe that the tradesman of Stratford could be the genius behind the greatest poems and playwrights ever written. Since the 19th century , a fierce debate arose between the sulfur Oxfordians ( who believe that a man so uneducated as William Shakespeare could not have written works as remarkable ) and the Stratfordiens , for whom the identity and genius of Shakespeare make no doubt. According to biographical information William of Stratford grew up in an illiterate household in the remote agricultural town of Stratford-upon-Avon. There is no record that he traveled at all or that he ever left England. Firstly, how can an uneducated man write such a titanic work ? The Anti-Stratfordians speculate that the man in Stratford who did not even go through a day’s school education, could not have revealed to the world, at the age of twenty, his first verses of the most highly-regarded poems and playwrights in history. The Anti-Stratfordians argue that only a well educated person, versed in history, linguistics, politics and many other fields could have reached such feats of written art. Secondly, anoter idea upon which the Anti-Stratfordians base their conspiracy...
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...Dr. Lane Study Guide for Exam #1 Feb 2014 In brief, Exam #1 will cover two broad areas: (1) Everything we have covered in class on the Pentateuch. (2) The nature of covenants, and which OT covenant is which, so far. Here are the handouts the exam will cover: #12.2 Genesis 1–4, Creation & the Fall The exam will not ask about the different views of creation, but the other material is testable. #14 Essential Passages in the Pentateuch #16 Basic Nature of OT Covenants & ANE Treaties #17 Thirteen Propositions Re: . . . Covenants #19.1 Conclusions from the Pentateuch Be able to identify each of the five books we've covered, by way of main events (esp., the covenants), the main characters, and where the books fit into the redemptive-historical context of the Pentateuch. Know which sort of covenant is which (esp. H/O #16), and esp.(!) what are the specific covenants we have seen so far in the OT. What are their features, whom are they with, etc. A few must-know chapters & verses: (These are not the only ones; these are the must-know chapters). Gen 12, 15, 17 & 22 Exod 19, 20 & 24 Exod 34:6 Lev 26:12 Lev 26 Deut 7 Otherwise, be able to identify the chapters in boxes . Other items / ideas we have stressed: Israel's religion and cosmology and cosmogeny (vs.( that of pagan religions. Be able to answer...
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...I am going to analyze the book of Titus found in the New Testament under the assumption that the author is a Christian who is not Paul and is writing about 75 years after Paul’s death. Throughout this letter analysis, I am going to cover four broad categories; who the intended audience for this letter was, who the author actually was, why the author chose to write this letter pseudepigraphically, and how the community might have responded to this letter. The text is addressed to Titus, but if this letter was written 75 years after Paul’s death, it can be deduced that this letter was written after Titus’ death as well. The community that received this letter was probably the same people of which the author was a part of, giving the author reason to write it. It is hard to say how the community discovered this letter because there are a variety of ways it could have happened. I feel the two most likely options were either that the author claimed he found a lost Pauline letter and presented it to the community or that the letter was mistakenly found by a member of the community. No matter how the letter was discovered, it is clear that the intended audience was facing many issues, including the qualifications to be an elder. The author writes on this issue in 1:6-9, providing the qualifications that one must have in order to be appointed an elder. The list includes living a blameless life, being a faithful husband, not being a heavy drinker, and many more. It also seems that...
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...it is not hard to see that Shakespeare’s plays are, in what we shall see is a modern idea of authorial ownership, attributed to him alone. While this is a nice fiction, and one that certainly contributes to the myth of Shakespeare-as-demigod, the truth of the matter is that Shakespeare’s works were often composed in collaboration with other playwrights. As Frank Kermode notes, playwrights in Shakespeare’s day “often worked in haste, and with collaborators—occasionally a different writer for each of the five different acts of a play” (5). This is perhaps unsurprising, as “theaters were owned mostly by men who formed companies…not wholly unlike…craft guilds,” and that these guild men “commissioned the plays, [and] owned them” (5 my italics)....
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...Liberty University Planting Churches Cross-Culturally: North America and Beyond A Book Critique Submitted to Dr. William Brown In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Course Evan 505 Liberty University Baptist Theological Seminary By Joshua Byun Lancaster, California Sunday, September 1, 2013 Hesselgrave, David J. Planting Churches Cross-Culturally: North America and Beyond. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2000. Kindle ebook. pp. 6174. Introduction The importance of both the existence and the role of the church in the New Testament era are prevalent through the scriptures. As a result, numerous books and resources on church planting and church growth have become more available in recent years. David Hesselgrave through the book, Planting Churches Cross-Culturally: North America and Beyond, provides a combination of both biblical principles and a step-by-step approach to church planting in the modern era. From the beginning Hesselgrave states his thesis as he explains, “The primary mission of the church and, therefore, of the churches is to proclaim the gospel of Christ and gather believers into local churches where they can be built up in the faith and made effective in service; thus new congregations are to be planted throughout the world” (161). Hence, the author defines the core Christian mission as church planting then proceeds to explain the concept both biblically and practically through the example established...
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...Was Shakespeare a fraud? This question has ringed in the hearts of scholars for nearly 200 years. It was first introduced in the satirical The Errors of Modern Infidelity, written in 1848 by Samuel M. Schmucker. The question, obviously, wasn’t meant to be taken so seriously, but 169 years later, here I am writing this paper about the conspiracy equivalent of a European JFK assassination. The current beliefs go as following, Shakespeare had another author who was another current literary genius, the author that wrote Shakespeare’s claimed works didn’t want to be known, or Shakespeare was his own author. One of the most suggested suspected authors was philosopher Sir Francis Bacon. Eight years after Schmucker’s original manifesto, a girl named Delia Bacon made the claim, “Shakespeare's plays were written, in large part at least, by her namesake Francis Bacon.” However, “After an abortive attempt to dig up Shakespeare's grave, she suffered a complete breakdown; she was committed to a mental hospital and died in 1859.” His popularity dropped for a decent while until “By the mid-19th century he was attracting massive support. But, by the turn of the 20th century, though, Bacon's star as an...
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...question of Shakespeare’s authorship of his plays has been around for past couple hundred years. The real reason this question came about was because the anti-Stratfordians said that several other writers could have helped shakespeare with the plays. The anti-Stratfordians didn’t like Shakespeare and they tried to get him disqualified as a writer. The question of Shakespeare’s authorship argues that Shakespeare is not the author but just because Shakespeare did not sign his work does not mean he was not the author. Not much was known about Shakespeare’s personal life. He was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, London. It was a small town with about 1500 people in it. It is said that Shakespeare has an education at Stratfords...
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...William Shakespeare was baptized on April 26, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. From roughly 1594 onward he was an important member of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men company of theatrical players. Written records give little indication of the way in which Shakespeare’s professional life molded his artistry. All that can be deduced is that over the course of 20 years, Shakespeare wrote plays that capture the complete range of human emotion and conflict. Known throughout the world, the works of William Shakespeare have been performed in countless hamlets, villages, cities and metropolises for more than 400 years. And yet, the personal history of William Shakespeare is somewhat a mystery. There are two primary sources that provide historians with a basic outline of his life. One source is his work—the plays, poems and sonnets—and the other is official documentation such as church and court records. However, these only provide brief sketches of specific events in his life and provide little on the person who experienced those events. Though no birth records exist, church records indicate that a William Shakespeare was baptized at Holy Trinity Church in Stratford-upon-Avon on April 26, 1564. From this, it is believed he was born on or near April 23, 1564, and this is the date scholars acknowledge as William Shakespeare's birthday. Located 103 miles west of London, during Shakespeare's time Stratford-upon-Avon was a market town bisected with a country road and the River Avon. William...
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...Who wrote the works of Shakespeare? Certainly it was Shakespeare, but people have doubted Shakespeare as the true author as early as the 18th century. They began to consider the true author of Shakespeare’s plays and poems. Since the 1920s Edward de Vere has been the most popular alternative candidate proposed for the authorship of Shakespeare’s works. Edward de Vere, was the Earl of Oxford in 17th century. He was the Queen Elizabeth’s principal minister, a writer and a lyric poet. He is the most popular claimant for obvious reasons – he was highly educated, tremendously aristocratic, upwardly mobile, and well-versed in country life. After the death of Edward de Vere’s father, he became a ward of Queen Elizabeth and received an excellent education in the household of her principal advisor, Sir William Cecil. According to a curriculum in Cecil, Edward de Vere’s daily studies included dancing, French, Latin, writing and drawing, cosmography, penmanship, riding, shooting, exercise and prayer. He showed a prodigious talent for scholarship from his early years. Edward de Vere graduated from Cambridge University at age of 14; he was awarded an honorary MA by Cambridge on a Royal progress. He earned a Master of Arts of 16, and then attended Gray’s Inn to study law. “The merchant of Venice”, one of the Shakespeare’s plays discusses law. One of the important people who influence his early studies is his maternal uncle Arthur Golding, an officer in the Court of Wards under Cecil. He...
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...William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor. He was born on 26 April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. His father was a successful local businessman and his mother was the daughter of a landowner. Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and nicknamed the Bard of Avon. He wrote about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, of which the authorship of some is uncertain. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway at the age of 18. he is thought to have spent most of his time in London writing and performing in his plays. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories and these works remain regarded as some of the best work produced in these genres. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, includingHamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Around 1613, at the age of 49, he retired...
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...For several years his genius as dramatist and poet had been acknowledged by critics and playgoers alike, and his social and professional position had become considerable. Inside the theatre his influence was supreme. When, in 1598, the manager of the company rejected Ben Jonson’s first comedy—his ‘Every Man in his Humour’—Shakespeare intervened, according to a credible tradition (reported by Rowe but denounced by Gifford), and procured a reversal of the decision in the interest of the unknown dramatist who was his junior by nine years. He took a part when the piece was performed. Jonson was of a difficult and jealous temper, and subsequently he gave vent to an occasional expression of scorn at Shakespeare’s expense, but, despite passing manifestations of his unconquerable surliness, there can be no doubt that Jonson cherished genuine esteem and affection for Shakespeare till death. Within a very few years of Shakespeare’s death Sir Nicholas L’Estrange, an industrious collector of anecdotes, put into writing an anecdote for which he made Dr. Donne responsible, attesting the amicable relations that habitually subsisted between Shakespeare and Jonson. ‘Shakespeare,’ ran the story, ‘was godfather to one of Ben Jonson’s children, and after the christening, being in a deep study, Jonson came to cheer him up and asked him why he was so melancholy. “No, faith, Ben,” says he, “not I, but I have been considering a great while what should be the fittest gift for me to bestow upon my godchild...
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...metaphysical poets John milton Jonathan Swift mark Twain mary Shelley Nathaniel hawthorne Oscar Wilde percy Shelley ralph Waldo emerson robert Browning Samuel Taylor Coleridge Stephen Crane Walt Whitman William Blake William Shakespeare William Wordsworth Bloom’s Classic Critical Views W i l l ia m Sha k e Sp e a r e Edited and with an Introduction by Sterling professor of the humanities Yale University harold Bloom Bloom’s Classic Critical Views: William Shakespeare Copyright © 2010 Infobase Publishing Introduction © 2010 by Harold Bloom All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For more information contact: Bloom’s Literary Criticism An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data William Shakespeare / edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom : Neil Heims, volume editor. p. cm. — (Bloom’s classic critical views) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60413-723-1 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-4381-3425-3 (e-book) 1. Shakespeare, William, 1564–1616—Criticism and interpretation. I. Bloom, Harold. II. Heims, Neil. PR2976.W5352 2010 822.3'3—dc22 2010010067 Bloom’s Literary Criticism books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities...
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...Early European Theater • The writings of this period were primarily hymns, sermons and similar theologically oriented works. • Latin became a literary medium. • Major preserves of learning are the monasteries. • 8th century Europe returned to greater stability under the Carolingian kings. ➢ Charles Martel – defeated the Moslems at Tours in 732 AD, through his innovative use of armored horsemen as the principal military force, initiating the development of knighthood. ➢ Charlemagne – extended his realm into the Slavic territories and converting non- Christians on the way. Charlemagne was crowned by the Pope and pronounced him as the successor to Constantine. The scenario was the first attempt to establish the Holy Roman Empire. • Charlemagne’s death caused Europe to break into small units isolated from each other and from the world. • Moslem controlled the Mediterranean and the Vikings, still pagans, conquered the northern seas. Early Middle Ages • Life was relatively simple. • Feudalistic patterns were fully established. ➢ Manor (large estate)- headed by a noble man, assumed absolute authority over the peasants who worked his land collectively. ➢ Vassals – supplies the lords a specified number of knights upon demand and the lords in return were bound to protect their vassals. The Theater (500- 900 AD) • The theater revived during the early Middle Ages. • After the Western Roman...
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...AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE ENGL 210 Shakespeare Notes LECTURER SAMBOKO, B. M. There are many outstanding people in history: - our heroes… our role models…. Politicians: Napoleon, Adolf Hitler, Winston Churchill, Abraham Lincoln, John F Kennedy, Margaret Thatcher, Mahatma Gandhi, Kenneth Kaunda Community Service: Mother Teresa, George Muller, David Livingstone Religious: Apostle Paul, the other apostles, Ellen G White, Anderson, The pope, Martin Luther, Sports: Neymar, Messi, Ronaldo, Benzema - Michael Jordan, Pele, Maradona Music: Lady Gaga, jZ, Tupak, Michael Jackson, Jim Reeves, Jimmy Hendricks, Literary Circles: Before Shakespeare the great names in literature were: o Homer – Ancient times - well known for his great epics o Dante – Middle Ages – wrote brilliantly on circumstances of human existence o Aristotle – the great philosopher ENTER SHAKESPEARE – THE LITERARY GIANT Spelling of Shakespeare: Spelling not yet standardized, thus name spelled in different ways • Shakespeare, Shakspere, Shackspere, Shaxper, Shagspere, Shaxberd, etc. Shakespeare: The most well known playwright of Elizabethan times is Shakespeare. But there were also other writers who in their time were just as, or even more famous than him. WHAT MAKES SHAKESPEARE STAND OUT? – The volume of his works Plays firmly attributed to Shakespeare ■ 14 COMEDIES – funny play – with amusing events – ended in marriage...
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