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Shanxi Impression

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Submitted By ggsyf
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Yungang Grottoes 云冈石窟

云冈石窟是我国最大的石窟之一,与敦煌莫高窟、洛阳龙门石窟和麦积山石窟并称为中国四大石窟艺术宝库。 位于山西省大同市以西16公里处的武周山南麓,依山而凿,东西绵延约一公里,气势恢弘,内容丰富。现存主要洞窟45个,大小窟龛252个,造像5万1千余尊,代表了公元5至6世纪时中国杰出的佛教石窟艺术。其中的昙曜五窟,布局设计严谨统一,是中国佛教艺术第一个巅峰时期的经典杰作。

山西位于太行山之西,黄河以东。春秋时期,大部分地区为晋国所有,所以简称“晋”;山西的土特产品种类繁多。杏 花村汾酒是我国古老的历史名酒,色如水晶美玉,清香纯正,味美无穷,畅销内外;山西老陈醋甜绵酸香,不仅调味上佳,还可消食、美容、杀菌;有国家重点风景名胜区五台山、恒山、黄河壶口瀑布、北武当山、五老峰等。欢迎大家来山西旅游观光。我为我是山西人而感到骄傲!
英文翻译:
Shanxi is located west of the Taihang Mountains, east of the Yellow River. Spring and Autumn Period, most of all for Jin, therefore referred to as "Jin"; Shanxi, a wide range of native products. Xinghuacun fen ancient history of our wines, the color of Crystal Jade, fragrance pure, delicious infinite, best-selling domestic and foreign; Shanxi mature vinegar sour sweet and fragrant cotton is not only a good flavor, but also digestion, beauty and sterilization; a national key scenic spots Wutai, Hengshan, the Yellow River Hukou Waterfall, North Wudang, Wu Laofeng so. Welcome to Shanxi tourism. I am proud that I was from Shanxi!

沿途讲印象山西 (2013-02-16 12:25:34)
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五千年中国看山西 [认识山西] 欢迎大家来到山西。 说一个地方如何如何,最好是把它比作一个人,比如苏东坡写西湖,我想不管西湖的风光是多么秀丽,若没有那句“欲把西湖比西子”,我们对它总是亲切不起来。要说山西,也最好把它比作一个人,比做西子是不行了,山西没有那么青翠的山,也没有那么一块明镜似的湖。只能把山西想象成一个朴实的山村汉子,头上缠着一块白羊肚子毛巾,赶着一头老黄牛,在暮色中吼着“二人台”归来。这副图画是不是很形象,可惜,那是过去的山西,不是现在的山西。 山西以地处太行山之西而得名。春秋战国时期属晋国地,故简称晋。公元前 453年,赵、魏、韩三国分晋,所以山西又称为“三晋”。 山西省地处黄土高原的东部,东邻河北,西界陕西,南接河南,北连内蒙古自治区。 山西的面积是15.7万平方公里,有3200万人,从人口和面积来看都算一个小省。从地图上看,整个山西是一个平行四边形的树叶形状,南北相距680公里,东西相隔385公里。地形是两山夹一川,一边是吕梁山,一边是太行山,还有几个盆地,黄河的第二大支流汾河把几个盆地全部贯通。 山西省辖太原市、大同市、阳泉市等11个省辖市,118个县(市、区)。 [班驳印象] 说到太行山,大家肯定有印象,太行山是革命根据地,例如很多歌颂太行山的革命歌曲,大家应该是耳熟能详,例如《我们在太行山上》、《太行山是英雄山》、《太行山山连山》。中国许多著名的古老神话———女娲补天、精卫填海、后羿射日等等,都诞生在这座古老的山里。寓言故事愚公移山里,愚公率领众子孙要移走的两座山,一座是山西阳城县境内的王屋山,另一座便是太行山。 大约是上个世纪60年代初,有一部风靡国内的电影《我们村里的年轻人》,还记得饰演女主角的演员叫金迪,有一双水灵灵而又火辣辣的大眼睛。影片的主题歌就叫《人说山西好风光》,是由著名的歌唱家郭兰英老师演唱的。随着它优美的旋律,大家肯定会对山西的秀美山川心驰神往…… 在我党建政的历史上,山西出过“两大典型”。一个是“个人英雄主义”的代表刘胡兰,这位小姑娘,出生在文水县,也就是武则天的故乡。当年,小姑娘从从容容地躺在铡刀下,脆生生地扔下一句“怕死不是共产党员”,从容就义。那年,她还不到十六岁。如今,在她的故乡,有其烈士纪念碑,有其遗物陈列室。你可以在那里看到她的照片。一位很漂亮很漂亮的小姑娘。另一个则是大寨,这面旗帜在很长时期几乎成了中国人的一种图腾。 那个时候正是“文革”前和“文革”中,经济上一直躺在煤堆上的山西,政治上却日愈成了中国的热点地区。在这期间,扎着白毛巾,在毛泽东面前憨厚、幸福地笑着的农民总理陈永贵,似乎成了山西人的代表形象;而满是红旗和豪言壮语的“七沟八梁一面坡”的大寨,则似乎可以涵盖山西所有的政治、经济、文化、地理状况。经大寨人改造的的海棉梯田,至今都是中国北方梯田的一个经典。 但是,因为超负荷体力的付出,当年大部分参加修筑梯田的人都患有各种疾病,不能继续劳作,他们每天坐在大寨的门口,享受着和煦的阳光和每月60元的补助,剩下的只有回忆了。 现在的大寨需要退耕还林,上好的梯田不久就会变成一片林海,如果陈永贵还活着的话,肯定会感到困惑,想问一个为什么? 近些年关于山西的焦点视线,便是一些文化人从黄土、煤尘、贫困的背后,突然发现了令他们惊讶不已的三晋“旧貌”。也就是晋商文化。当代上海文化名人余秋雨先生曾写过一篇《抱愧山西》的散文,大意是讲,长期以来,他一直误认为山西是中国贫穷落后的地方之一,但当了解到,山西仅仅在不到百年之前,曾是中国最富的省份时,不禁为自己过去误解了山西而深感愧疚。 在“萨斯”爆发之前,谁也想不到,除了源头广东和首都北京之外,山西会是疫情最严重的地区。这感觉好象有点象“中奖”。 山西,好事情它没份,坏事情,一样也缺少不了它。 这十几年来,大家所听到的,几乎都是有关山西的负面新闻。什么运城“滴灌”造假、割舌案、“假酒案”、以及一起起频发的矿难。 山西人自嘲地说:他们是不东不西,不是东西。当初东部沿海享受开政策时,没有他的份;后来西部大开发,依然没有山西的份。 然而谁也抹不去山西在中国历史上的浓墨重彩。有一个有趣的现象也许值得一提:在中国历史上曾经诞生过两位圣人,文圣是山东的孔子,武圣是山西的关羽;在中国民间,有两家人的英雄业绩妇孺皆知,其一是河南的岳家军,其二是山西的杨家将;在中国近代,有两大商系并称,一是徽商,二是晋商;甚至解放后,我们提的两句口号,树立的两个样板,一是工业学大庆,二是农业学大寨。凡是中国历史经历的,山西大体上也要经历一回,仿佛与中国历史形成暗合,不知这是否可以算作她的奇特之处,不知还有哪个地方有象山西这样的经历。 [解剖山西] 总的来说,山西的特点可以用五句话来概括: 一华夏名胜数山西 山西的旅游资源之丰富,堪称全国第一,俗话说:“地下文物看陕西,地上文物看山西”,山西拥有全国最庞大的地上文物群,在山西的每个角落里,都沉睡着价值连城的历史文物,景点数量高达3684处,国家级文物景点即有119处,省级文物景点413处,国内现存的元代以前的木结构建筑,有70%以上在山西。像五台山有一个佛光寺,是唐代的木结构建筑,至今1400多年,全国只此一家;可以说国内没有第二个省区可以和山西抗衡。一位日本朋友来过山西后说,如果日本拥有山西1/10的历史人文景观,日本将立即可建成全世界的旅游大国。虽然说山西的旅游资源被利用之差,也是堪称全国第一,但这个有待于慢慢开发,是个时间的问题,据推测,这些旅游资源将是全体山西人一百年后吃饭的饭碗!那个时候,山西的煤一定已经挖的差不多了。 山西多姿多彩的旅游资源.主要分为三大块:
一块是晋南的黄河寻根文化游
山西的旅游资源分为三大块,晋北是佛教文化,以五台山和云岗石窟为代表。晋中主要是晋商文化,也叫大院文化,日本人对此研究得很深,山西现在也在研究,为什么他们可以“富可敌国”?晋商文化的本质是什么?晋南是根祖文化,现在全国尤其是港澳台地区和海外华人掀起了寻根热,像尧舜禹的发祥地,还有洪洞县都是人们想去看一看的地方,民间有句话说“要问祖宗来何处,山西洪洞大槐树”,元末明初中原一带的移民大多是从这里走出去的。
主要景点有:
尧、舜、禹留下的的历史遗迹,例如尧庙、大禹渡等等。还有“要问祖先在何处?临汾洪桐大槐树”中的大槐树公园。京剧《苏三起解》中的苏三监狱、黄河的心脏——壶口瀑布,中国最大的关帝庙、《西厢记》中的普救寺等等。 我们原来学的历史课本说最早的人类是40万年前的北京猿人,现在晋南芮城县境内西侯渡文化的大量遗存已证明人类在距今180万年前就能人工取火,就是说山西把世界的文明史整整推前了一百多万年,这是人类文化中非常重要的一笔。
一块是晋中地区的晋商民俗文化游
主要景点: 中国保存最完整的古城——平遥古城、中国最大的古皇家园林——晋祠、双塔寺、“借问酒家何处有,牧童遥指杏花村”中的杏花村、以及以乔家大院为首的大院文化。 乔家大院是电影《大红灯笼高高挂》的外景地,其实规模很小,不过是封闭的财主式小家小院。整个占地面积不到一万平方米。规模最大的是榆次常家庄园,目前开发出五分之一就有12万平方米,还有一个王家大院也非常大,这些大院开创了晋商文化。“北有晋商,南有徽商”。但是晋商比徽商厉害得多,清末年间慈禧太后逃难到西安,路过山西没有钱,就是向晋商借的。 最后也是最有价值的一块就是晋北的佛教古建文化游。 主要景点有:世界文化遗产——大同云岗石窟、被明代旅行家徐霞客称为"天下巨观"的悬空寺、世界上最高大最古老的木结构建筑应县木塔、中国最大的九龙壁、四大佛教名山——五台山佛教建筑群等等 二是华夏名人出山西 在中国诸省份中,就人才而言,无论从质量还是数量上讲,没有一个可与山西相比。上下五千年的文明历史中,山西籍的帝王将相、才子佳人,是层出不穷,举不胜举。春秋时代叱咤风云的晋文公,品格高尚宁死不受禄的介子推;战国时代大思想家荀况,老将廉颇;汉朝名将卫青、霍去病;三国大将关羽、张辽;唐朝大诗人王勃、王维、白居易、柳宗元;宋代史学家司马光,戏曲家关汉卿,民国时有在山西搞独立王国的阎锡山总督,毛泽东时代有国人皆知的“农业学大寨”陈永贵总理,更有那个“你办事我放心”的一脸憨傻表情的华国锋主席。现在文艺界的一些名人,出生在平遥的歌唱家闫维文,被称为世界第四男高音的戴玉强,中国最棒的舞蹈编导张纪刚以及这几年刚刚走红的歌手谭晶……山西的名人实在太多,太多了。 有一个家族自汉至隋唐,千年不衰,出现了59位宰相,59位大将军,14位中书侍郎,8位皇后及王妃,21位驸马,这个家族姓裴,在山西。 唐时有两位出色的女性,一位奠定了开元盛世的基础,一位导致了开元盛世的终结,这两位女性是则天武后和贵妃玉环,她们出生在山西。 不过在山西的历史名人中,最有名的还是关云长。凡看过《三国演义》的,无不对那个骑赤兔马,提偃月刀,过五关斩六将的红脸大汉抱几份敬畏之心。他人长得帅,“卧蚕眉,丹凤眼”,加上一把既“性格“”又“性感”的三缕美髯,再把绿战袍一披,呵,比雄孔雀还漂亮呢。连曹操这样的大男人见了都有几份羡慕与嫉妒。他人品更棒,不好色,不嗜酒,不贪钱,不慕权,忠肝义胆,有勇有谋,如果按现在的标准,简直就是个“杰出青年”。 罗贯中写《三国演义》时,对这个老乡大加渲染。这个如此“标致” 的偶像级人物,拥有太多太多的FANS。历代的皇帝喜欢他,总是加官进爵,封帝尊神,终于,步步高升,为“关公”,为“关帝”,为“关老爷”了。民间的百姓也喜欢他。几乎有华人的地方,都有他的身影。最有意思的是在泰国,法院开庭时,宣誓对象不是国家元首,而是公关。看来,这个山西人,早已远远跨越时空,超越人种、民族与国家的界限,神化成一种或文化或精神的图腾。 三是华夏文化在山西 唐诗历来以雄朴浑厚著称。而在唐代诗人里,山西诗人占有相当的份量。据统计,《全唐诗》近五万首作品,二千余名诗人,有758名诗人姓名可考,而其中山西籍就有82人。诗作方面,仅太原白居易一人的诗作就达2000余首。这些数据不能不令人惊叹。可以说山西诗人实际支撑了半部全唐诗,唐诗中,无论王之涣“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”的精妙哲思,还是王翰“醉卧沙场君莫笑,古来征战几人回”的大气豪爽;无论王维“明月松间照,清泉石上流”的淡雅清新,还是柳宗元“孤舟蓑笠翁,独钓寒江雪”的疏淡峻洁,都精彩得要命,漂亮得要命。是的,好作品是能要命,甚至能要了作者的命。当年,山西诗人薛道衡就因为一句“空粱落燕泥”,招来隋炀帝的嫉妒,借口把头砍了,看你还会“空粱落燕泥”么? 山西还出过不少的名师。春秋时出了个有名的儒学大教育家荀子,战国时又有一个的鬼谷子,隋末唐初,还出了一个培养房玄龄、魏征等贤臣名相的大教育家王通。这位王通老先生历害,他的孙子王勃就更厉害。众所周知,二十岁时他就写出了脍炙人口的不朽名篇《腾王阁序》。这般年纪,能写出“落霞与孤雁齐飞,秋水共长天一色”的绝妙好词来,自然与他的“家渊极深”有关。 司马光砸缸的故事,在中国可谓是家喻户晓,妇孺皆知。这位智救小友的灵童,是山西夏县人。自小志向远大,聪慧好读,长大后,写就了辉煌巨著《资治通鉴》, 明末清初之际,山西又出了一位诗书画医四绝的大学问家傅山。他聪明得不得了,无论书画,还是诗学,都有过人之处,独成一派,堪称北方文坛的领袖。梁启超就曾夸他的才学“黄河以北无人可比”。当时的康熙皇帝觉得他是个人才,便想给他个官职。但他很倔,坚守“正统”气节,就是不合作。当时被强抬进北京。在他看到“大清门”三字时便滚倒在地,两泪直流,不肯起来。皇帝最后也拿他无可奈何。要知他这样做,可能会触怒龙颜而掉脑袋的,可他就是不怕。使人不能不敬佩他敢与皇帝搞对抗的勇气。 这位执拗的老西儿,还有一大贡献就是在妇科的研究上。他编写的《傅青主女科》,是中国古代最好、最全面,也是最权威的妇科医学著作。今日此领域的专家学人,依然视为精典。在他那个时代,一个大男人,特别是一位有名望的读书人,专攻妇科,为女子排忧解难,是需要很大勇气与魄力的。 像初唐的王勃、盛唐的王维、中唐的白居易、晚唐的温庭筠都是晋人,《三国演义》的作者罗贯中也是晋人。 四是华夏财富汇山西 从宋朝到清朝,晋商纵横中国一千年,在这漫长的历史中,尤其是在清朝,全国排名前16位的大财团都在山西,山西艰苦的自然生存环境与纵横天下的晋商形成鲜明的对比。 五是华夏人气看山西 2001年香港凤凰卫视曾做过一个专题节目,在这个节目中全方位介绍山西的历史和经济发展情况。他们把山西放到大中国的背景来看,提出一个全新的理念,“十年中国看深圳,百年中国看上海,千年中国看北京,三千年中国看陕西,五千年中国看山西”。为什么这么说?深圳是中国改革开放的缩影,所以“十年中国看深圳”;一百五十年前上海只是江苏省的一个小镇,现在已经发展成为东方第一大都市,上海是中国近代史的缩影,所以“百年中国看上海”;北京真正成为大中国的首都是从辽金时代开始的,距今约850年,所以“千年中国看北京”;从周文王、周武王的历史开始,到现在正好是三千年,所以“三千年中国看陕西”;从尧舜禹时代到现在大约是五千年,所以“五千年中国看山西”。 凤凰卫视播出这个节目以后,全国不停地出现“盗版”,西安提出“五千年中国看西安”,洛阳也提出“五千年中国看洛阳”。而 “五千年中国看山西”有确凿的理论依据,不是随便讲的。因为尧王立都平阳是在公元前4700年发生的事情,尧王在这里划分九州,建立了我国历史上第一个统一的国家体制。其次,尧王制定的法典———《尧典》也是在这里。而且,敬敷五教是中国最早的教育制度,相传,中华民族的始祖黄帝,曾带领山西南部的人民治理黄河。历史上的尧、舜、禹,也都在山西晋南一带建都,尧都平阳(临汾);舜都蒲坂(永济);禹都安邑(夏县)。中国的第一个王朝夏,就在今晋南一带。这些都是公元前4700年发生的事情,而且,敬敷五教是中国最早的教育制度,大禹治水开创了我国历史上兴修水利的先河,仓颉造字开创了中国文字,此后的后稷稼穑、神农氏教人种地,中国从此进入农耕时代……所有这些事情都发生在山西境内,所以说“五千年中国看山西”。这断然不是夸张。可以说山西是“国中之国”,懂得山西就懂得中国。 [感受山西] “地下文物看陕西,地上文物看山西”。我们经常说到陕西旅游是上坟,可看的景点大多是陵墓,从这个坟墓钻出来,又钻到那个坟墓去看。 而在山西不是这样,可以说只要世上有的,你说山西什么没有?说五岳,山西占了一个——北岳恒山;说佛教圣地,山西据了有四大佛教名山之首——五台山;说石窟,洛阳的龙门石窟只不过是大同云冈石窟的继续篇;说木塔,应县木塔世界第一;说人文,三皇五帝的三皇都在山西;说古城,没人敢说平遥的排世界第二;说文化,古代大师级的山西占了八分之一;说佛教道教儒教,你说在山西的哪个角落你看不到?说传说,地道的山西人哪个嘴里没有三段五段?论资源,山西的那个煤叫海;演地势,整个华北平原和京都都被她鸟瞰。 说山也行,左手一指是太行,右手一指是吕梁,楞是生生的让个郭兰英给唱红了。说水也可以,咱中华民族的母亲河就在山西。 山西的旅游资源多,是吧!所以,你们就来山西了。 可是好多朋友,草草的来山西一趟,又草草的走马一圈,又草草的捕捉点滴印象,又草草的回去了。他们就看了一个山西的表,就看了一个山西的象。 来山西看什么?看山西就看山西的古,看山西就看山西的朴,看山西就看山西的淳,看山西就看山西的厚,说白了,看山西就看山西的那个中华民族的魂。 想看山西吗?那就看一眼吧。感受中国,就应当感受山西。

陈建祖:阎锡山主政山西期间,山西的产业已经比较完备,像机械加工、兵工厂、铁路、钢铁、煤矿等等都有,在这基础上山西在建国初期发展得很快。山西和上海为共和国的工业打下了非常扎实的基础,上海主要是技术和精加工,山西主要是能源和初加工。福建、广东那时候都是前沿阵地,不能为国家经济作出什么贡献。在计划经济时代,人们把山西称为“中国的中东”,全国有70%的煤从这里出口,还有京津唐地区的电力供应,上海、江浙一带的能源煤也是由山西供应。朱基同志任上海市委书记的时候,曾亲自率领上海歌舞团来山西,为煤矿工人进行慰问演出。20世纪90年代以前,山西作为中国的能源大省而存在了40多年,从北往南,大同、太原、潞安、晋城等煤矿都是国家统配的煤矿;太原钢铁厂、太原电厂也都是国家重点工程,属于中央直管。国家在计划经济时代不断地从山西索取,发展到最后山西是每输出一度电都要赔钱。以至于到20世纪90年代,我们省的人大主任和政协主席几次在“两会”期间大声疾呼,觉得国家对山西要得太多,而又不给一定的返补政策。因为计划经济不按照市场规律办事,付出与回报又长期不成比例,山西逐渐落伍了,本该富有的“中东”现在还是比较贫困。在20世纪80年代以前,山西的人均收入曾一度在全国排名处于中上水平,GDP值最高时曾排到第14位。到了20世纪90年代中期人均收入却沦落为全国倒数第一,这两年摆脱了倒数第一,上升到倒数第四。虽然这也是一个进步,但实际上是一件很尴尬的事情。 从最北边的大同云岗石窟往南走,一路上有北岳恒山、应县木塔、五台山、太原的晋祠、祁县的乔家大院。像五台山有一个佛光寺,是唐代的木结构建筑,至今1,400多年,全国只此一家;应县木塔是900年前的建筑,著名建筑学家梁思成认为是世界奇迹,叫作“中国的比萨斜塔”,实际上比意大利的比萨斜塔还要高,是世界现存最古最高的木结构塔。乔家大院是电影《大红灯笼高高挂》的外景地,其实规模很小,不过是封闭的财主式小家小院。规模最大的是榆次常家庄园,目前开发出五分之一就有12万平方米,整个庄园非常畅亮,与财主们不一样,常家祖辈是做茶业的,从乾隆到宣统历经七朝,沿袭150余年,可谓山西本省茁壮的“资本主义萌芽”,现在只开发出了几万平方米。介休县的灵石有一个王家大院也非常大,这些大院开创了晋中的商文化。晋商比徽商厉害得多,清末年间慈禧太后逃难到西安,路过山西没有钱,就是向晋商借的。山西的农工商富足到什么程度?包头原来是康熙征讨噶尔丹时的一个兵驿站,山西人在那里为清兵办辎重,逐渐发展成了包头城;辽宁的朝阳是山西一个姓曹的做豆腐的生意人建成的;现在北京的大栅栏、珠市口有70万山西人后裔在那里。山西的人文景观还有永济的莺莺塔和黄河大铁牛、历山的舜墓,可以说整个黄河文明都能在山西找到踪迹。前几十年一直强调山西是能源、重化工基地,而忽略了开发这些旅游资源。陕西没有能源优势,而西安是六朝古都,所以很早就把旅游资源开发出来了,那些年人们都是越过山西到陕西。

1.猫耳朵 cat-ear shaped noodles 2.刀拨面 sliced noodles 3.揪片 pinching pasta 4.剔尖面 Noodles made with chopsticks and a plate. 5.水煎包 lightly fried Chinese bread 6 手擀面 Handmade noodles 7.杂酱面 Noodles with soybean paste 8.油泼面 Oil_sprinkled noodles 9.卤面 Noodles with gravy 10.饸饹 Buckwheat noodles 11.四川担担面 Noodles with sesame paste&pea sprouts 12.河南烩面 Henan braised noodles

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