...The rise of the sharing economy (http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21573104-internet-everything-hire-rise-sharing-economy) On the internet, everything is for hire Mar 9th 2013 LAST night 40,000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250,000 rooms in 30,000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4m people have used it—2.5m of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new “sharing economy”, in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinated via the internet. You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast, owning a timeshare or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever—and therefore possible on a much larger scale. The big change is the availability of more data about people and things, which allows physical assets to be disaggregated and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and renters; smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is...
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...Mass migration to Europe and its positive and negative implications – Sharing economy Introduction The hotel industry has been strongly growing recently, overcame many events to make us believe that they will not stop adapting to the new environments. Practicing economics activities helps the industry to explain the change of the environment and plan the solutions in the most efficient way. In this report, I will state two of the most recent events which are the mass migration to Europe and also with the term sharing economy, together with its impacts to the hotel industry under economic perspective. Development Mass migration to Europe and its positive and negative implications Migration means the movement of people from one place to another place, temporary or permanent, volunteered or forced, internal or international (eschooltoday, 2014). People move for different reasons: move to work in another country, move for a better of life, escape from natural disasters or human wars, etc. 2015 was an alarming and distressing year to the world because of many wars and terrorism events happened. It has set a record for migration stage into Europe by different routes. Only talking about refugees, there were more than 1 million migrants have arrived in Europe (e.g. Germany, Austria, Sweden, Italy, UK and more) by sea and almost 35000 by land, mostly they are from the countries suffering from wars such as Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, etc. formed a mass migration...
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...to illegally download and share music files; sparking the beginning of the hundreds of entertainment sharing websites around the world today. Although shut down due to the Recording Industry Association Of America filing a lawsuit because of copyright infringement and suppressed record sales, this did not stop the development of more sophisticated file sharing softwares able to manipulate copyright laws around the world. Downloading films became possible due to increased storage and memory space available on computers, enabling users to download multiple movies in a matter of hours, even before released in cinemas. Currently, Mass media storage devices are available that hold thousands of music and film files on a small box, transferred from the users computer. So what effect is all this having? Has the popularity of illegal downloading affected the profits and jobs of the entertainment industry? Is there a correlation between entertainment stores losing revenue or even going out of business because of suppressed sales and illegal downloads? Does this have a negative effect on the economy through job loss, reduced income tax, fewer artists growing and is there a solution, should there need to be, to this problem? There have been many acts introduced to attempt to curb illegal downloading, from HADOPI law, the Digital Millennium Copyright act and most recent Digital Economy Act 2010; however none have appeared to be successful in preventing illegal downloading. Intention...
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...increase of illegal music downloading, artists lose out on income, it prevents future artists from wanting to pursue a career in the music business and in some cases cause them to miss out on contracts. Illegal music downloading also places the individual at risk for criminal charges. The amount of illegal downloading that occurs today makes it even harder for some musicians to make a living from their music. If artists are not able to make a profitable amount of money in the music industry, the number of people wanting to continue or pursue music will be greatly reduced. With online communities dedicated to sharing music, this trend does not seem as though it will end anytime soon. Once a part of these communities, individuals can and will acquire (whether by paying or for free) the music and turn around and share it with friends and family members. Illegal downloading and sharing is the reason for loss of income in the music industry. Global music piracy causes $12.5 billion of economic losses every year (RIAA - Anti Piracy, 2014). If the amount of money that goes in to the music industry is not coming in, artists might feel as though it is not worth the time and effort to continue their craft. The successful partnership between a music label and a global superstar, to include the revenue generated, finances the investment in discovering, developing, and promoting the next new artist. Without investment and revenue, the ability to bring the next generation of artists to the...
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...File Sharing: what and how Effects on music sales. Abstract File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information, such as computer programs, multimedia(audio, images and video), documents or electronic books. It may be implemented through a variety of ways.In this paper we are discuss common methods of storage, transmission and dispersion include manual sharing utilizing removable media, centralized servers on computer networks,World Wide Web-based hyperlinked documents, and the use of distributed peer-to-peer networking.We consider the specific case of file sharing and it’s effects on legal sales of music . 1. Introduction Files were first exchanged on removable media.Computers were able to accessremotefilesusing filesystem mounting and FTP servers.The mp3 encoding, which was standardized in 1991 and which substantially reduced the size of audio files, grew to widespread use in the late 1990s. In 1998, MP3.com and Audiogalaxy were established, The Digital Millennium Copyright Act was unanimously passed, and the first mp3 player devices were launched. In June 1999, Napster was released as an unstructured centralized peer-to-peer system, requiring a central server for indexing and peer discovery. It is generally credited as being the first peer-to-peer file sharing system. Gnutella, released in March, was the first decentralized file sharing network. In the gnutella network, all connecting software was considered equal...
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...Name Course Tutor Date How has the music industry been affected by the internet and digital downloading? As the world progresses, internet power is handed over to people and the digital music downloads and sharing of files has become so common that the business in the music industry has started deteriorating and they are losing money really fast. This project came into my concern since the available number of musicians and their music genres on the internet is very high. A few megabytes and the song is already on your digital device and all qualities are available without using a lot of money to access the music. The expense an artist uses is so much and there is no profit to gain after the music is produced and probably it might not hit. I anticipate joining the music industry that is why this topic is of my major concern. The main issue in question is how has the music industry been affected by the internet and digital downloading? Annotations BBC News. US Court Re-imposes $220,000 Music Piracy Fine. BBC News. 2012. Web. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-19572817 In this article, a lady, Jamie Thomas-Rasset was accused by the Recording Industry Association of America, a trade organization that supports major music industries, that he had been pirating music and uploading them on the internet. She was fined a large amount of money per song and this shows how serious the digital downloading of music has affected the music industry and has become an offense to...
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...[Is it ok to download movies and/or music without paying for it? Why or why not? Arguments for and against.] | Emilianos EllinasThe Business of Entertainment, Media and TechnologyOctober 16, 2013 | Debate about legality and appropriateness of downloading copyrighted material is nothing new to the world we live in. Since the advent of P2P technology with Napster in 1999, the Entertainment industry has struggled to grasp the magnitude of this emerging cultural phenomenon. Never again in human history was it as effortless, economical and fast to copy and distribute music and movies to the masses. A few decades back, the entertainment industry faced a similar predicament regarding music cassettes and VHS tapes. They swore in belief that these “parasitic” technologies would disrupt economic growth forever. Yet again, history proved them utterly wrong, as they bigger than ever. The main arguments branch into three lines of defense against downloading: (i) how the artists make a living; (ii) the Entertainment industry’s growth and affluence; (iii) the claim “without copyright, there will be no culture” . Nowadays, artists expect to be paid, and remuneration is their incentive to stay creative and continue working, because at the end of the day this is how they pay their bills. Does this support the viewpoint that this will make the industry shrink, and less creative content will be available for our enjoyment? Every year the industry announces a higher number in lost profits...
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...Innovative Models for Doing Business in the Music Industry Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Reasons for Changes in Consumer Thinking 2 2.1 New Technology Changes the Way Consumers Experience Media 3 2.2 Development of P2P File Sharing 3 2.2.1 Generation 1: Napster 3 2.2.2 Generation 2: The Pirate Bay 4 3 Company Attitudes Towards Changing Business Climate 5 3.1 The Industry Reaction on File Sharing 5 3.2 Technologial Countermeasures 6 3.3 Taking Chances with the New Climate 7 4 Analysis of Different Business Models and Market Conditions 9 4.1 A New Business Model – A Good Business Model? 10 4.1.1 Streaming Media Services 11 4.1.1.1 Spotify 12 4.1.2 Single-song Download Services – Online Music Stores 13 4.1.3 Music Rental Services 14 4.2 Study Case: Tip-Jar - The Radiohead Business Model 15 4.3 Study Case: CD-giveaway - The Prince Business Model 16 5 Conclusions 18 References 19 Introduction The emergence of new media, digital technology, and changing consumer expectations has given the music industry the challenging task of scrutinizing their own business models and methods, forcing companies to revise their business structure and adopt new sources of revenue for the twenty-first century. The main goal of this study was to find out the trends which have affected the industry past years and shaped it towards the present state, reveal how the current climate is, and point out some possible future success factors and new models of...
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...evolution of how we obtain music has become easier to the public due to programs that allow people to download single songs or even albums, preventing them from having to leave their homes. Although it may seem effortless, downloading music has some stipulations that go along with how you are receiving the files. Basically what it boils down to is, if you did not pay for it, then it is illegal and considered piracy (RIAA). Illegal actions should be dealt with, but the question is, “Should the RIAA be rewarded such unruly amounts of cash, or better yet send people to jail over downloading a song?” This question leads to the ongoing court case that started in 2006, in which Jammie Thomas-Rasset is being penalized for illegally downloading and sharing music on Kazaa. In Jammie’s first trial during 2007, she was demanded to pay $222,000 by the jury for copyright infringement on more than 1700 songs by several artists, but the judge declared a mistrial. In 2009, the...
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...a high tech version of old fashioned bartering systems. Peer to Peer online shopping connects people all over the world by facilitating online sharing. Typically, an online peer-to-peer marketplace brings people and/or businesses together online to deal with each other directly without having to go through a slow, expensive middle man. Peer to Peer online shopping can be convenient, it can save time by having everything in one place, and save money by cutting out the middle man which will reduce the overall cost for the consumer and increases the profits for the provider/business. Peer to Peer online shopping can also be fun, and highly specialized. During the recession people had less money which caused them to spend less which eventually led to Collaborative consumption. Collaborative consumption which is consumers selling or renting to each other is encouraged by all of the Peer to Peer online sights. For example E Bay is a online auction and shopping website that provides peer to peer and business to consumer sales service via internet. According to our text book "one of the most surprising benefits of collaborative consumption however, turns out to be social. This is true because it allows for sharing between strangers and allows us to make meaningful connections. "Collaborative consumption is an economic model based on sharing, swapping, trading, or renting products and services, enabling access over ownership. It is reinventing not just what we consume but how we consume...
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...631-394-7810 Abstract The international administration of laws which can be combines with the risk of fines and imprisonment is not enough to dissuade the Pirate Bay from encouraging, boosting and helping copyright infringement. In some companies, file sharing services are provided to generate business revenue stream and sometimes these services are illegal and still used to advertise “clue chips brand”, (Andersen, B, 2010). So far there is enough potential for the business to be made, file sharing will sustain its existence in the global internet market. This papers focuses on the legal and social issues brought up by peer-to-peer sharing of files and copyrighted information on the websites. Companies argue that limitation against file sharing will pause the technology innovation. On the other side, it is certain that file sharing may break IP protections that Pirate bay knowingly exploits these protections. Research shows that the music industry has justification to shut down peer to peer file sharing which reduces the amount of file sharing but for the short term. As per the opinion of legal team, Pirate Bay is not a sustainable business and the paper focuses on the legal and social issues of illegal file sharing by Pirate Bay. This papers talks about both issues in order to give justification of the pirates bay case study framework....
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...years later I became a professional DJ, using more sophisticated tools of course, but with the same creativity I had garnered from the cassette recordings. Had my mother known that she would be supplying her son with the equipment to become a copyright criminal, she probably would have thought twice about her gift and I would’ve never had the opportunity to discover my musical potential. Copyright laws in the music industry need to be changed, to allow everyone, including artists, to combine their talents with the efficiency of the Internet. In the remix culture of today, everyone has an inner-DJ. Music sharing has grown drastically from sharing cassette tapes, to burning CD’s, to p2p networking. People all over the world now share and create new music, while breaking copyright laws and industry codes in the process. Aware of their crimes or not, Internet music sharing has quickly become a competitor with the large music industry and this needs to be addressed. As Lessig proved in his book “Free Culture”, technology has often changed faster than laws can keep up with. Back in 1945, farmers filed a lawsuit saying that low-flying airplanes were trespassing on their land and scaring their chickens. The law at the time stated that ones property reached to “an indefinite extent upwards”. Once the Supreme Court agreed to hear the case it was immediately ruled that airspace has no correlation with private property....
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...trading of music possible in the form of MP3 files available over the internet for free. Users can simply upload the files to these sharing sites and millions of others at any given time have the ability to download it from them. The Recording Industry Association of America, however, doesn’t share the enthusiasm about these file sharing practices. To them, it is stealing from the record company and from the artist themselves. Consumers don’t tend to see it that way. The issue that arises here is whether or not should music be accessible for free trade over the internet. On the one hand, it is thought that MP3 downloads reduce sales of legitimate CDs. On the other hand, it can be argued that downloading free MP3s could actually encourage someone to buy a CD which they may not have purchased had they not heard it in its entirety. This is known as the sampling effect. The focus of this research paper will be to paper analyze the impact of music file sharing on the demand, supply, and prosperity of the music industry. The music industry is presently in a state of alarm. Many believe this is attributable to the capability of the Internet to lower costs for authorized as well as unauthorized copies, with the second being significantly more ubiquitous. In this paper, I will discuss the intent of copyright, the role of copying and file-sharing, the difference between explorers and...
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...Klodd Moore Mr. Vauhn EN 1320 8/7/13 Piracy vs. Copyright Violation The ongoing dispute over illegal Internet-based file sharing between the entertainment and software industries and the vast, online pirating community has been one of the most debated topics. Gripping public attention for the past decades. Napster, a website created by a college dropout became an empire. Used by hundreds of millions of people, that robs billions in revenue each year. Although these rogue websites claimed to only be hosts for illegal file sharing, the United States government took action to eliminate Internet piracy and protect copyright by implementing digital encryption technologies and strict laws that prohibit tampering with these encryptions. The trafficking of copyrighted goods must be put to an end because it promotes illegal transactions of an owner’s intellectual property, causing sales in the entertainment and software industries to plummet and thereby restricts the growth of the economy. Internet piracy is the unlawful reproduction and/or distribution of any copyrighted digital file without the permission from the owner. It is driven by the consumers demand for a desirable product that would otherwise be unobtainable, either because of financial limitations or cultural factors, such as the Chinese culture’s emphasis that the free sharing of knowledge creates and preserves both civilization and traditional values across generations (Lu 310). Consequently, such a mindset that has...
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...English 111-32B Paper#1 Downloading, just sharing or stealing? Thieves have taken on a whole new face, in what people call the “cyber age”. There is no need for thieves to rob banks, steal cars or even leave the house. Computers are thieves’ new weapon of choice. They can hack in to bank accounts in seconds, leaving a person helpless and feeling violated while months are spent picking up the pieces. In this cyber age people do not even have to change out of their pajamas, or brush their teeth to steal every dime a person has. Computers are the perfect weapon because they do not need food, sleep and can be programmed to constantly run, bouncing from account to account ruining every life it touches. With all the theft going on, some are committing suicide because they cannot fix all the damage these thieves have done to their lives. The big Internet crimes reported on the news are kids file sharing music. File sharing is considered a form of theft, but sharing one album compared to thieves ruining lives stealing billions from people who live check to check is like comparing apples and oranges. The creators of technology could not even have imagined all the bad stuff that has become of their dreams and hard work. Computers were built to solve calculations and then kept evolving to help make life easier and more efficient. Trouble started with the World Wide Web, because people started transmitting personal information through the airways. People do not understand...
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