...THE STORY ABOUT DOLLY SHEEP. In 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William Ritchie, and Ian Wilmut cloned two sheep, Megan and Morag, using sheep embryo cells. The experiments indicated how to reprogram nuclei from differentiated cells to produce live offspring, and that a single population of differentiated cells could produce multiple offspring. They reported their results in the article "Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line" in March 1996. This experiment led the Roslin team to later clone mammals from adult body cells and to genetically engineer mammals. Several clones had been produced in the laboratory before Dolly, including frogs, mice, and cows, which had all been been cloned from the DNA from embryos. Dolly was remarkable in being the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. This was major scientific achievement as it demonstrated that the DNA from adult cells, despite having specialized particular type of cell, can be used to create an entire organism. How dolly was cloned, animal cloning from an adult cell is much more difficult than from an embryonic cell. So when scientists working at the roslin...
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...Tail Docking Of Sheep Customer Inserts Name Customer Inserts Grade Course Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name 25th November 2014. Outline The issue of tail docking in sheep Justifications why producers use tail docking in sheep production operations The length that the tail should be docked Informed position on the issue of tail docking The concerns of many animal welfare advocates Why docking should not be encouraged Alternatives to docking The issue of tail docking in sheep Tail docking is a process of removing a part of a lamb’s tail. The shortening of the tail is done using a docking iron, rubber rings, a knife or scalpel, or an emasculator. One of the main concerns that lead to docking is to avoid incidences of urine and feces accumulating under the tail of the sheep. The accumulation makes the sheep vulnerable to attacks by certain kinds of flies that cause bacterial infection, which in turn causes agony, uneasiness and even demise of the sheep. The other major reasons for docking are to ease the breeding processes in ewes and help in gaining weight (American Veterinary Medical Association 1). Even though docking has its benefits, the shortcomings are so many that it should not be encouraged. The paper seeks to clarify an opinion against docking and giving recommendations on the alternatives methods to be embraced. Informed position on the issue of tail docking Tail docking should be discouraged given...
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...shortening of the tail is done using a dock iron, rubber rings, a knife or scalpel, or an emasculator. One of the main concerns that lead to docking is to avoid incidences of urine and faeces accumulating under the tail of the sheep. The accumulation makes the sheep vulnerable to attacks by certain kinds of flies that cause bacterial infection, which in turn causes agony, uneasiness and even demise of the sheep. The other major reasons for docking are to ease the breeding processes in ewes and help in gaining weight (Association, 2000). Even though docking has it benefits, the shortcomings are so many that it should not be encouraged. The paper seek to clarify an opinion against docking and giving recommendations on the alternative methods to be embraced (Association, 2000). Tail docking should be discouraged given that it causes severe pain to the lambs. In fact, the assertion is the major ground that make most animal welfare advocates to oppose docking. The agony gets intents provided the sheep’s tail is docked near the alimentary canal’s opening. _ The cases of very short docking may also result in damage of nerves in the rectum and vulva leading to high risks of vaginal and rectal prolapsed (Thomas D.L., 2003). Each technique used when a flock sheep is dock proves to have numerous drawbacks. For instance, the usage of rubber ring has a disadvantage of risks of infection if the ring is placed on tail for too long. The ring usually cuts into the tissue and can create access...
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...\While the history of cloning is relatively short, understanding how cloning came about is important to understanding the greater debate surrounding cloning. At the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, in July 1996, scientists produced the first animal cloned from an adult cell. Dolly the sheep was born early in 1997, shocking the scientific community and the world. Dolly was created through a process called cell nuclear replacement. A mammary cell of a six-year-old white Welsh Mountain sheep was transferred into the egg shell of a Scottish Blackface ewe (Calhoun Cash 2). Since Dolly’s birth, other species have been cloned as well, including mice, cattle, pigs, goats, rabbits, and cats (Calhoun Cash 2). Dolly’s birth and the development...
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...Sheep Management Plan for Roseworthy Lamb Enterprise Created 2010 Source: Orrie Cowie Merio and Poll Merino Stud (2010) Project goals: * Mate Merino ewes with Poll Dorset rams to produce 900 --24kg export lamb carcass * Maximise profit on wool and lamb export carcass * Aim to produce at least 900 Merino x Poll Dorset lambs for export Key performance Indicators from Roseworthy feed demand calculator (2010) * Liveweight produced , sheep =140 tonnes * Liveweight produced per hectare allocated to sheep =281 kg/ hectare/ year * Pasture demand as % of pasture growth =55% * Pasture deficit, using freshly grown supply= 1000 tonnes / year * Pasture deficit, using supply with carryover = 353 tonnes / year Scope of Plan * Part 1: Manage pasture growth at Roseworthy * Part 2 : Manage reproduction of Merino ewes with Poll Dorset rams * Part 3: Lamb finishing strategy * Part 4: Manage wool quality of Merino ewes Abbreviations Merino ewe: ME Poll Doset ram:PDR Merino X Poll Dorset lamb: MxPDL Prediction calculations : * 900 Merino ewe (each around 50-60kg; average 55 kg liveweight)=55x900=49500 kg * 900 Poll Dorset ram (each around 60-70kg; average 65kg liveweight )=65x900=58500 kg * Predicted at least 900 lambs produced , each will be slaughtered at 21 weeks of age at 50kg= 900x50= 45000kg * Hectare of land needed per year : = 545 hectare of land /year Part 1. Management of pasture growth at Roseworthy Pasture management is important...
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...Everyone talked loudly in Chinatown The text has a first person narrator it is restricted to Lin (the protagonist). Todd is characterized explicitly example (65, 23) “His eyes are blue, almost like glass”. The restriction to the protagonist is fatal for how we understand and read this text. If it was restricted to another person like the parents or the grandmother, or if it were an omniscient narrator, then the story would have been totally different. So this way we often have compassion for the restricted character. Lin is of course characterized implicitly, because it would be strange if the narrator describes herself. So we can see how she is, through what she thinks, does and says. There is a scene where Todd and Lin kiss in a cinema (65, 31- 42). In this passage, we go inside Lin’s head. That makes the scene more realistic, emotional and important than the other scenes in the text. There is another place in the text where it says something about the narrative technique of this text. It is the scene where Lin feeds her grandmother (64, 10-15). It says that she feels guilty of not spending enough time with her. The reader can hopefully identify himself with that feeling of guilt towards your grandmother and that makes the text more interesting. The narrator’s technique is also thought of, when the text practically starts by describing Todd (65, 10-26) that means that Todd is a very important person for the text, and for Lin. Lin is the protagonist in this text. She is from...
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...In this article, Riffel starts off by talking about how Rick was one of the few humans left on Earth after an apocalypse. Rick has a pet that is an electric sheep. “Attending to its small patch of grass, the sheep literally embodies humanity’s anxiety about its uncertain relationship to the past: the keeping of ersatz animals immediately links the human-animal relationship to biological and historical nostalgia” (Riffel P. 159). “The novel ultimately and productively evacuates ontology from the task of recognition” (Riffel P. 159). “The act of recognition acquires new meaning in a post historical world: to recognize ceases to be a question of materiality or ontology but instead becomes a relational question, of new paradigms of social, ethical, and kin relations” (Riffel P. 160). Riffel wants to link “the critical deconstruction of history with the...
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...In the sci-fi story “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep”, author Philip K. Dick introduces to his readers a futuristic religion based around a very common human emotion, empathy. Empathy plays the biggest role in the book through the global religion known in the novel as Mercerism. The practice of Mercerism centers on a piece of technology known as the empathy box. Users of the empathy box will take this technology by it handles which in turn infuses them into a type of physiological virtual experience. One of the experiences showcases the struggles of a mysterious man named Mercer and his journey up a mountain. Mercer’s journey up the mountain is met with hardship as unidentified bystanders would toss rocks at him as he attempts to ascend to his destination. Mercer would repeatedly fall to the bottom of the mountain but resume to the repeat process of reaching the top. Characters in the book also experience acts of enlightenment with Mercer where they are taught or told something by him that builds their character in the real world. Towards the end of the story, character Rick Deckard seems to have reached a point of enlightenment when he was able to experience the fusion with mercer in the real world without the use of the empathy box. It was then when Rick realized that Mercerism wasn’t just a false religion meant to mind trick people into becoming subordinates. The interesting thing about the empathy box is that not only are you watching this tragedy of Mercer unfold in front...
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...A Man's Best Friend A man's best friend is one that is always there for him through tough obstacles and hardships in life. George Orwell once stated, "All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others." The relationship humans tend to have within the animal kingdom is not as civilized as it should be. When looking at it from a moral and religious perspective, humans should treat all animals equally. Statistics have shown that in developed countries such as the United States, animals such as dogs are treated far better than other animals. The question then arises, why do dogs get treated more diligently while other animals with the same mental capacity get slaughtered and consumed? By looking at "Let Them Eat Dog" by Jonathon Foer, the perception of why one should not think of dogs as superior animals and why the idea of consuming a dog should not be looked down upon in society will be thoroughly analyzed and examined. People in the United States think it’s morally wrong to eat dogs since it is a household pet. The same people who don’t eat dogs, eat other animals such as pigs, chickens, and cows, which is questionable because they still devour animals that are necessary to the environment and society today. In "Let Them Eat Dog" by Jonathon Foer, the author gives logical reasons on why we should eat dog, and why it is not harmful to the society in any manner. It's legal in 44 states to eat dog, and dog meat poses no greater health risk than any other meat....
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...Morgan Cloning in the Cattle and Sheep Industry Most farmers and ranchers use cloning as advancement in their program. Cloning can offer farmers advantages by the farmers selecting the animal that has passed down the most superior genetics and that has performed the best in everyday environmental settings. Also, it can give them advantages on selling high-quality meat and dairy products for the dairy cattle producers. Ranchers has the advantages by hand picking the highest quality in the sires or dams genetic makeup by making an exact replica for breeding purposes in the commercial industry and/or the stock show industry. Cloning of cattle and sheep does not harm the animal in any shape or form but it may put a little environmental stress on them due to all of the handling and testing of the animal. When you clone an animal this doesn’t mean you are changing the animal by altering their genetic makeup or genetically engineering them, it just means you are getting an exact replica of that particular animal you have chosen. When an animal is cloned, it alters their immune system somehow and where they do not get sick as often and they become parasite resistant so you spend less money on veterinary visits. Another important reason why cloning is in the livestock industry is for strict breeding purposes so the cloned animals can breed and produce animals for meat purposes. Cloning has been part of our world for over three or four decades. Hans Dreisch performed...
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...company of fellow shepherds. There was nothing special about one who tended and kept sheep. But God saw something special in these lowly men. Looking into the lives of many great men and women in the Bible used significantly by God, you shall find that at least at one time they were shepherds—Rachel, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, and David. The first man whose sacrifice is recorded to have pleased God was a shepherd: Abel. Unlike Cain, Abel gave God a sacrifice of his first. As we have already seen, the sacrifice of the first of one’s fruits signified total dedication of all the fruits to God, from whom all good things come. Abel honored God. In response to God’s question after he had killed his brother, “Where is your brother Abel?” Cain mocked his brother’s profession by answering, “Am I my brother’s keeper?”, as if to say, “Am I my brother’s shepherd?” Shepherds were looked down upon. This could also have been another reason Cain’s jealousy burned against his brother. A mere herdsman, a shepherd, was looked on with favor by God, instead of him. 147 Brenda Siara Jesse, David’s father, when asked by Samuel the prophet to present to him the sons in his household, brought all except for David. When Samuel found not, amongst those presented, the king whom God had chosen, he asked Jesse if he had presented all his sons. Jesse then spoke of David, who was out tending the sheep. If Samuel had just come abruptly to Jesse’s house and asked them to follow him immediately...
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...UNIT – I SIGNIFICANCE OF SERVICES MARKETING Proper marketing of services contributes substantially to the process of development. If innovative marketing principles are followed in services marketing, the socio-economic transformation will take place at a much faster rate. In future, the service sector would operate in a conducive environment offering great potential. If the opportunities are properly utilised by the service sector, it will lead to an all round development of the economy. The significance of the service economy may be discussed under the following headings: 1. Generation of employment opportunities 2. Optimum utilisation of resources 3. Capital formation 4. Increased standard of living 5. Use of environment-friendly technology. 1. Generation of employment Opportunities The components of the service sector are wide and varied. For example, the service sector includes personal care services, education services, medicare services, communication services, tourism services, hospitality services, banking services, insurance services, transportation services, consultancy services, etc The organised and systematic development of the service sector would create enormous employment opportunities. Application of marketing principles in the I service sector is instrumental to the development of the economy. However, it is appropriate to mention that India has not been successful in utilising the potential of the service sector. As seen in Table 1.1, in USA about 80 per cent...
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...Isaiah Paolo Atienza Lee’s Graduation Speech I thought that the commencement speech I recently gave before the University of the Philippines’ College of Science graduates (excerpted here last week) was pretty good, but it was the student response given by Isaiah Paolo Lee (BS Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, summa cum laude) — known to his friends and teachers as “Pao” — that blew my socks off. (Pao acknowledges that his sister Jillian helped him along with the speech — hurray for sisters!) I later emailed Pao to say that it was the best student speech I’d ever heard, and asked him for a copy to share with my readers, so here it is, and I hope this goes viral: My name is Isaiah Paolo Atienza Lee, and I am not your valedictorian. I am not the best, I am not the brightest, and I am here speaking to you right now because all the other summas backed out. I’m somehow supposed to talk to you about honor and excellence, so let me start with my story. When I was in first year, I almost got kicked out because of Chem 16. I wasn’t even bad at the class. I just had a habit of scribbling on my forearm during exams, which was—in hindsight, understandably — interpreted as cheating. After an unchecked exam and a lot of stress, I ended up with a diagnosis of Asperger’s syndrome. On the whole, it was a less than ideal way to get psychological support and an 1.00 in Chem 16, but I didn’t fail the class, I didn’t get dismissed from UP, and I didn’t jump off a bridge. I could have, but...
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...The Navajo Indians ANT 101 Professor May 7, 2012 The Navajo Indians The Navajo Indians, or Diné, which means “The People”, are semi-nomadic pastoralists even in today’s time. Hundreds of years ago, they were hunters, farmers and culturists. After conflicts with the Spaniards they would eventually find their profession in pastoralism. In time this would turn out to be the best circumstance that could have happened to them. This is not a lifestyle the people fell into; this is how the people choose to live. Before the Spanish came into the new world, the people were fierce warriors and hunters. They would also cultivate crops and forage when needed. Corn is what the Navajo are most known for growing, however they have also been known to grow vegetables such as squash. The hunters would bring in game such as deer, mountain goats or smaller game like rabbits. There is not much in the way of historical data up about the Navajo up until Christopher Columbus came into America. Unbeknownst to the Native Americans, this was the beginning of their new way of life. They would eventually find life in pastoralism instead of their former ways of living. It wasn’t up until the early Spanish period, when the Navajo would start the new chapter of their lives. They were making numerous trips to the New Mexican Indian and white settlements to steal livestock. History also shows that Diné would enter the explorer’s settlements and steal their food and even woman. This would eventually...
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...Premium Lamb Cooperative Sheep production is mostly found in southern Pennsylvania. The number of sheep and lambs has fluctuated over the years, as well as the main sources of revenue for producers. In the past, sheep were sought for their wool and meat, but the current wool market is weak because it is not used very often. Producers’ main source of revenue now comes from lamb; however, there is still a lack of a market. Pennsylvania has no large lamb slaughter facilities and the only nearest one is located in Michigan, which means producers have to either go to a smaller plant for custom slaughter or spend a large amount of money to transport the lamb to a larger plant. In New Holland, PA there is an auction market for live lambs, but the biggest competitors for lamb are producers in Australia and New Zealand. These producers sell frozen lamb in the United States market at competitive prices. Lamb was never usually a big part of the American diet, but since the country has become so diverse the lamb market has grown because its main consumers are among ethnic populations. Other lamb producers and I are contemplating forming a cooperative to market lambs. We are looking at three different options. We could consider combining our lambs and selling them live through the New Holland auction or a processing plant. Another idea is to buy or rent a slaughter facility to butcher our own lambs and use the co-op to market the meat to ethnic markets. Our last option is to create...
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