...Retrieved March 19, 2014 from http://www.china-briefing.com/news/2013/03/11/import-export-taxes-and-duties-in-china.html High Connectivity Hong Kong port has a high connectivity to other ports around the world. It is because Hong Kong is located between Europe and Pacific Ocean. It is among the world ports one of the most central ports in port networks. Hong Kong also has deep harbor in South China. It depth around 15.5 meters(Planning Department, 2004). Hong Kong is very closed to Pearl Rive Delta, which is not to our sources. It also one of the world’s largest exporter so most of cargoes handling are from or destined for Pearl River Delta area. According to Hong Kong Government(2001), Hong Kong is served by about 80 international shipping lines with 380 liner services per week to 550 destinations worldwide. This advantage helps shippers to directly ship their cargoes to the destinations and minimize the needs for transshipment when sing other ports. (2014)....
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON Export-Import Process & Documentation towards B2B FOR Hindustan Cargo Ltd. MASTER OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (MMS) UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI SUBMITTED TO MAHATMA EDUCATION SOCIETY’S PILLAIS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH NEW PANVEL UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Chndrakumar P. Mutha SUBMITTED BY Aditya Ajit Jadhav (2012-2014) Roll No. 139 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Life of human beings is full of interactions. No one is self-sufficient by himself whenever anyone is doing some serious and important work a lot of help from the people concerned is needed 84 one less specially obliged towards them. I cannot forget acknowledging them in few words as without the guidance & co-ordination of them in my project report would not have been possible. A large number of individual contributed to this project. I am thankful to all of them for their help and encouragement. My writing in this project report has also been influenced by a number of website and standard textbooks. As far as possible, they have been fully acknowledged at the appropriate place .1 express my gratitude to all of them. I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Chandrakumar Mutha, Accounts Head of Hindustan Cargo Ltd. Navi Mumbai Branch for giving me an opportunity to work on this project. I must also thank the management of Hindustan Cargo Ltd. to provide excellent opportunity and environment to be able to pull my project through. Cooperation of the staff is also...
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...HEURISTICS SOLUTION FOR COMPLEX CHEMICAL CARGOES Contents CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Background 5 CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Classification Scheme 7 2.2 Modes of shipping 7 CHAPTER 3 - APPLICATION AND MODEL 9 3.1 Description of the project 9 3.2 Objective of this project 10 3.3 Model Formulation 11 3.4 Mixed-integer Linear Programming Formulation 14 CHAPTER 4 - SOLUTION ALGORITHM 15 4.1 Problem complexity 15 4.2 Heuristic Algorithm 15 4.3 Test case 18 CHAPTER 5 - COMPUTATIONAL RESULT 21 CHAPTER 6 - CONCLUSION 24 6.1 Conclusion and Recommendation 24 6.2 Future Research 24 REFERENCES 26 APPENDIX B – Various ship routing and scheduling problem 29 APPENDIX C – Basic notation for this project 33 CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Logistics plays an integral role in companies dealing with tangible goods, both finished and semi-finished products. This ranges from electronic products to computer software and even liquid chemicals. Companies need to ensure their products reach their customers in the right quantity, at the right time and the lowest cost to maximize their profits. Logistics component of a company’s operation can be kept in house, if it is considered a key function; otherwise can be out sourced to an established logistics company, such as Federal Express (FedEx). Goods can be delivered via air, sea or land freight. Long distance deliveries use mainly air or sea fright, with land fright deployed when distance...
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...Indian shipping industry growth and constraints The Indian shipping industry accounts for 95% of the Indian trade by volume and approx. 70% of Indias trade by value. This industry mainly relies on Indian exports and imports and has been severely impacted by the recession of 2008-09 as felt by the Indian industries. The main components of industry include Dry cargo which is required for the import of iron ore , coal etc ( accounting for 66% of indias shipping trade). and the wet cargo which includes crude oil etc (34.7%).The Indian shipping industry with its fleet of 1029 ships as on 2012 is the 15th largest in the world and has grown at a CAGR of 3.3% since 1970’s, but however there are plenty of new opportunities for growth as well as severe constraints facing the industry. With the liberalization of the Indian economy and during the period of economic boom, there has been an ever increasing demand for LNG to be imported in the country in order to sustain Indias fertilizer and power plants. This is followed by a need to integrate and develop multimodal logistics in order to ensure that the cargo once unloaded is delivered to the desired location in a speedy manner. This is being taken up by India by planning 16 multimodal logistic parks along Delhi to Mumbai highways and also with the Modi government’s vision of connecting all the rivers in India in order to boost up intra country trade. Another opportunity for growth for the Indian shipping industry which is primarily owned...
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...Sarah Allmond, Kamal Assaf, Doug Bice, and Renee Burkart Dr. Mike Marzano Logistics Management February 21, 2013 Infrastructure in India India’s port, road, and rail networks need massive capital investment. The ports in India are operating beyond their intended capacity in spite of the construction of a number of new sites. Moreover, there are bottlenecks when clearing goods from customs: the time required to clear goods in India is twice that of South Korea and Thailand and three times that of the average for members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Since most ports are overstretched and the time taken to obtain customs clearance is quite long, companies in India hold large inventories. Poor road and rail networks exacerbate these problems. India is presently ranked 17th in the maritime nations of the world. About 95% by volume and 70% by value of the contry’s trade is carried on through meritime transport. The country’s coastline comprises 12 major ports (Chennai, Ennore, Haldia, Pradip, Kandla, Kochi, Kolkata, Marmagao, Mumbai, New Manglaore, Tuticorin and Visakhapatnam) and 187 minor and intermediate ports. FDI up to 100% under the automatic route is permitted in the construction and maintenance of prots and harbours, maritime transport services and internal waterways transport services. The department of Shipping is also planning to enact a Shipping Trade Practices Act, which is presently in the daraft stage. The government...
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... Strengths There are a number of factors that have given the Port of Singapore its advantage in the business environment. These factors have resulted in businesses in Singapore’s maritime industry to be supported by a secure and pro-business government, that has created a conducive tax environment for businesses to prosper. This is due to the variety of tax incentives that are available for the maritime industry. Examples of these tax incentives includes the Approved International Shipping Enterprise (AIS) Scheme, Approved Shipping Logistic Enterprise (ASL) Scheme and tax benefits for ship registration. The AIS Scheme offers income tax exemption on qualifying income from the operation of foreign-flagged ships for international shipowners and operators who authorizes important operations in Singapore. The ASL Scheme offers concessionary income tax on qualifying incremental income for established ship management companies, ship agencies, international freight forwarders and international logistics operators. Tax benefits for ship registration includes the exemption from Singapore income tax for qualifying income derived from operation of a Singapore ship. On top of that, automatic exemption from withholding tax on interest payments relating to offshore loans taken to finance ships, are given to ships registered under the Maritime Port Authority of Singapore’s (MPA) Block Transfer Scheme. Other than having a conducive tax environment, Singapore not only ensures to keep up a...
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...FED EX and UPS Airfreight Industry Analysis 1. During the 1980s, the air express industry was a medium to attractive industry to already be a major player in, but not a very attractive industry to try and break into. The industry can be characterized by high rivalry from competitors who compete on the same services with very little differentiation, medium power from suppliers who supply the resources necessary to run the business, high buyer power because customers can basically find an equal service from any firm in the industry, low substitution threat from other means of shipping transportation, and low threat of new entrants due to the high initial capital outlay and need of management experience. In this analysis, we will delve deeper into each of the dynamics within Porter’s 5 Forces to form an opinion of why the industry is attractive to be in and then discuss how competition greatly increased during 1988-1989. In the air express industry, where customers can ship their packages over long distances via airplane, there is high rivalry because the firms competing in the industry all do the same service. Since there is little differentiation between firms, each firm must battle for customers by either providing better or new services, integrating new competencies into their business processes, or doing business at a low price to create bigger economies to scale which will then cut down operating costs. Firms who want to compete...
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...Chapter-1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Indian Scenario in Shipping Maritime transport, which plays a vital role in the development of the country, comprises ports, shipping, shipbuilding and ship repair, and inland water transport systems. According to the Ministry of Shipping, Government of India, approximately 95% of the India’s trade by volume, and 70% by value, is moved through maritime transport. India is among the top 20 leading countries having large number of merchant fleets in the world. The Gross Tonnage (GT) under the Indian flag was 10.1 million GT as of 1.09.2010, with as much as 1029 ships in operation. Ports act as an interface between ocean transport and land transport. India has 12 major ports viz. Kolkata (including Dock complex at Haldia), Paradip, Vishakapatnam, Chennai, Ennore, Tuticorin, Cochin, New Mangalore, Mormugao, Jawaharlal Nehru at Nhava, Mumbai, and Kandla, and 187 minor ports. Despite recessionary conditions, traffic handled at major ports has grown on an average by 5.7% in the year 2009-10, over the year 2008-09. However, ports like Haldia (-20.4%), Ennore (-6.9%) and New Mangalore (-3.2%) are few of the main ports that witnessed negative growth in 2009-10. Nevertheless, most of the ports have not achieved their target for the year 2009-10. Mormugao (8.5%), Tuticorin (8.1%) Mumbai (2%), Kandla (2%), and Paradip (1.8%) were the only ports which achieved their growth target for 2009-10. Haldia (-22.1%)...
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...Ans 1) Factors for attractiveness of the shipping industry - As global trade is always on a rise, and it is primarily dependent on trans-ocean shipping; thus there will always be a high need for the industry. - Relatively easy to enter the industry; which is a threat to existing companies. - Most companies offer similar services at competitive prices; therefore a client is at an advantage and can negotiate more suitable rates as he has many options to choose from. - Rival companies fight for a greater market share and companies have started to resort to undercutting of prices, giving low prices and overall industry cooperation has reduced. - Changing price of oil plays a huge impact as it constitutes a huge part of fixed costs. - Buyers (eg- Walmart and Target) can dictate terms and prices as they constitute the bulk of trans ocean freight services. And companies, to avoid losing the business to rivals, negotiate the prices. - Concentration of manufacturing in Asia means ships leave from Asia at full capacity, and charge high prices; on the other hand, they depart from USA/Europe half empty and charge a fraction of the cost. Ans 2) How does Meli marine compete -New CEO trimmed down size of its fleet, negotiated long term contracts with charters; sold old, inefficient ships. - Deal with a limited set of customers and focus on a limited good instead of shipping each and everything they can get their hands on. - They diversified from being a spoke and feeder...
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...Meli Marine Case Study Ans 1) Factors for attractiveness of the shipping industry - As global trade is always on a rise, and it is primarily dependent on trans-ocean shipping; thus there will always be a high need for the industry. - Relatively easy to enter the industry; which is a threat to existing companies. - Most companies offer similar services at competitive prices; therefore a client is at an advantage and can negotiate more suitable rates as he has many options to choose from. - Rival companies fight for a greater market share and companies have started to resort to undercutting of prices, giving low prices and overall industry cooperation has reduced. - Changing price of oil plays a huge impact as it constitutes a huge part of fixed costs. - Buyers (eg- Walmart and Target) can dictate terms and prices as they constitute the bulk of trans ocean freight services. And companies, to avoid losing the business to rivals, negotiate the prices. - Concentration of manufacturing in Asia means ships leave from Asia at full capacity, and charge high prices; on the other hand, they depart from USA/Europe half empty and charge a fraction of the cost. Ans 2) How does Meli marine compete -New CEO trimmed down size of its fleet, negotiated long term contracts with charters; sold old, inefficient ships. - Deal with a limited set of customers and focus on a limited good instead of shipping each and everything they can get their hands on. - They diversified from being...
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...Current trends in maritime shipping today and the latest Issues faced by shipping industry Contents Page Introduction 2 Trends • Containerization 2-3 • Green Logistics 3-4 • Intermodalism 4-6 • Freight rate 6-7 • Tanker (ship) 7-9 Issues • Piracy 10-11 • Pollution 12-13 • Bunker fuel price increase 13-14 • Shortage of container 15-16 ...
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...1. What kind of information and services does the Web site provide for individuals, small businesses, and large businesses? List these services. The UPS website provides information and services regarding billing, shipping, tracking, and business solution for large and small businesses, and individuals. Services for Individuals are: • My UPS and UPS account – This service has features such as billing information, account summary, address book, etc; and can be maintained online by the customer. • Shipping – The customer can create and start a shipment online, calculate the time and cost for the shipment, schedule pick-ups, and create returns and imports. • Tracking – This feature allows the customer to track packages and freights with services like Quantum view, UPS my choice, Flex global view and Void a shipment. • Freight – Services for freight are Critical Freight, Air Freight, Ocean Freight, LTL (Less then truckload) and Trucking (Full truckload), and UPS Cross border connect. • The website lets customers order supplies online. • UPS Communication via E-mail – The website has features like New product announcements/enhancements, promotions and offers, newsletters, and service updates/ regulatory changes. • Customer service – Customers will be able to contact to the UPS staff via Live chat, phone call, and other online support. They can also connect with UPS on Facebook and Twitter. • Locations – Customers can find various UPS locations on the website....
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...physical changes that they’ll have to make concerning the physical environment. The need to shift to a low carbon economy is what society and businesses need to focus on due to climate change. Climate changes are the key environmental issue in the Maersk group. It’s possible that this is an issue for all shipping companies and all locomotives as well. The Maersk Group has accomplished an 8% improvement in CO2 efficiency since 2010. In 2007, Maersk oil saw a reduction of 86% in Co2; also in 2007 Maersk line saw a 25% CO2 reduction per container. The improvements are mainly due to Maersk Line's advancement in energy efficiency (Maersk.com). Maersk set a target goal for (2010-2020) to reduce CO2 by 20%. The technological segment of Maersk encompasses many different aspects. For the shipping industry, mobile communication offers the chance to employ new and efficient ways of addressing fleet management, improving communications with vessels, handling delivery times, allowing practical issue resolution and rapid information sharing with customers as well as improving energy productivity. The technological segment will allow Maersk to supply their customers with e-business shipping that is vital to the company’s growth. Maersk just recently signed a 12 year contract with INTTRA, the world’s largest multi-carrier...
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...Week #1 Assignment Meli Marine Case Study Jess F. The attractiveness of the container shipping industry is influenced by many factors and it’s important for carriers to have clear strategies and a distinct position in the market. Some of these factors are positive while others create hesitation for companies to enter or expand within this industry. A key feature which once added to the appeal of this industry was the demand for international shipping. Five years ago when most industries shrunk during the financial crisis of 2008, the container shipping industry, particularly international shipping, experienced growth. However, when the financial crisis finally caught up with the shipping industry, combined with other factors, we saw a significant decline in this growth. Combined with economic factors like increasing fuel prices or capital costs associated with operating and maintaining technology advances, and political forces requiring shipping companies to be mindful of the affects their ships have on ocean waters, this once appealing industry has now lost its allure. Despite this recent lack of appeal, the industry still does have some positive features which can attract businesses. Since global commerce trade is primarily dependent upon trans-ocean shipping, and within the container shipping supply chain there are several segments to integrate or expand your business, it creates opportunities for these companies to grow or enter the market. We can also look at Michael Porter’s...
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...top side-by-side in the hold and cargo is loaded on top of these. One of NYK's many strong points is the long years of experience which has built up in the safe stowage of cargo such as in dispersing loads and securing. The size of holds depends on the vessel. Just as an example, when 40 foot flat rack containers are lined up in groups of four it is possible to make effective use of a 40' x 32' space. Heavy cargo that exceeds the weight restriction on gantry cranes is handled by floating cranes. Since direct loading and direct delivery are the rule in such cases, loading and unloading are coordinated with the vessel's cargo handling schedule. Therefore it is necessary to fully coordinate matters with all concerned beforehand. In shipping the term Break bulk derives from the phrase breaking bulk Break bulk products are mainly steel, lumber and wood. Before containers, goods were shipped in individual boxes, barrels, bales, bags, crates and many other methods of enclosing goods for a long sea voyage. Each item had to be manhandled, making the job of loading and off-loading cargo one of the most labour intensive of the maritime trades. The storage of items in the holds was a specialised business, not only for the preservation of the cargo, but to ensure that the ship was not subject to the shifting of cargo in transit, a dangerous situation for any vessel. The...
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