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Changing revealed comparative advantage: a case study of footwear industry of Pakistan

by Naseem Akhtar, Nadia Zakir, Ejaz Ghani

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The study looks at the issues facing the footwear industry regarding its competitiveness in the global perspective and its potential for growth. The methodology of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) is used to analyse the comparative advantage at 2-digit and 4-digit levels of industrial classification. The paper highlights the problems faced by the footwear industry and identifies the role of entrepreneurship for the progress of the industry. The analysis shows that in recent years, specifically the period from 2003-06, the footwear industry has moved from disadvantage (as compared with China and India) position to comparative advantage. The study indicates that there is potential for higher growth of the industry and it can become a source of export earnings. The study suggests that in the rapidly changing global economic environment and in the face of increasing cost of doing business in Pakistan, there is a need to strengthen the competitiveness of the footwear industry in Pakistan.

JEL classification: L67

Keywords: Revealed Comparative Advantage, Footwear, Pakistan.

1. INTRODUCTION

The global export patterns are changing fast as a result of reduction in trade barriers and technological advancements that have led to gains in productivity and change in comparative advantage patterns in world economies. Asian economies such as China and India are enjoying a notable growth in changing circumstances across the world. Pakistan also has great potential for higher growth however the political threats, socioeconomic environment and lack of updated technologies are obstruction in the way of progress.

Some sectors of Pakistan economy have shown a

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