...Comprehensive Analysis Outline Inthiravanh Amphonephong, Linda Thibodeaux Barras, Rachelle Hollier and Marcella Horne MGT 448 November 9, 2011 Thailund Porter Green Comprehensive Analysis Outline Region Analysis * Regional alliances and economic integration * United States, Mexico, and Canada (North America) * Strengthened significantly through the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement since implemented in 1994 * Mexico is the United States 3rd largest trading partner (Villarreal, 2010) * Physical environment and its affect on trade * Middle class citizens live in fear of kidnapping for ransom * Loss of investor confidence in 2008 * Political stability * President, mayor, police chief to keep the peace in Mexico City * Police not readily trusted by citizens (Grillo, 2008) * Economic conditions * Gross Domestic Product is $875 billion which is 6% of America’s GDP (Grillo, 2008) * Mexico is viewed as a manufacturing for export nation (Villarreal, 2010) * Finance options available * Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a result of Mexico’s liberation in the mid-1980’s (Villarreal, 2010) * Social, health, and environmental conditions * Infrastructure is poor, but plans to improve (Grillo, 2008) * Terrorism threats * Drug dealing since 1995 when the economy crashed * $2 billion trade in bodyguards, alarm systems and bulletproof cars (Grillo, 2008) ...
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...Ecological Society of America Number 10, Winter 2003 Issues in Ecology Sustaining Healthy Freshwater Ecosystems Issues in Ecology Number 10 Winter 2003 Sustaining Healthy Freshwater Ecosystems SUMMARY Fresh water is vital to human life and economic well-being, and societies extract vast quantities of water from rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers to supply the requirements of cities, farms, and industries. Our need for fresh water has long caused us to overlook equally vital benefits of water that remains in stream to sustain healthy aquatic ecosystems. There is growing recognition, however, that functionally intact and biologically complex freshwater ecosystems provide many economically valuable commodities and services to society. These services include flood control, transportation, recreation, purification of human and industrial wastes, habitat for plants and animals, and production of fish and other foods and marketable goods. Over the long term, intact ecosystems are more likely to retain the adaptive capacity to sustain production of these goods and services in the face of future environmental disruptions such as climate change. These ecosystem benefits are costly and often impossible to replace when aquatic systems are degraded. For this reason, deliberations about water allocation should always include provisions for maintaining the integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Scientific evidence indicates that aquatic ecosystems can be protected or restored...
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...India Story March 23, 2009 1 Table of Contents Summary Global Water Situation – A Snapshot Water in India Innovative Water Management Initiatives 2 Freshwater rich regions across the globe are projected to face water scarcity if current reserves are not managed effectively Global Freshwater Scenario Global Freshwater reserves are rapidly depleting and this is expected to significantly impact many densely populated areas of the world Low to middle income developing regions as well as highly developed countries will face water stress in the future, unless existing water reserves are managed effectively • Although low and middle income developing countries currently have low per capita water consumption, rapid growth in population and inefficient use of water across sectors is expected to lead to a water shortage in the future • Developed countries traditionally have high per capita water consumption and need to focus on reducing their consumption through improved water management techniques and practices By 2025, India, China and select countries in Europe and Africa will face water scarcity if adequate and sustainable water management initiatives are not implemented Freshwater Situation in India Traditionally, India has been well endowed with large Freshwater reserves, but the increasing population and overexploitation of surface and groundwater over the past few decades has resulted in water scarcity in some regions Growth...
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...with this information in preparation for the analysis that will be required during the Case Examination. Candidates should note that they will not be allowed to bring any written material, including the advance copy of this Backgrounder, into the examination centre. A new copy of this Backgrounder, together with additional information about the company and a supplement of formulae and tables, will be provided at the writing centre for the Case Examination. Only the following models of calculators are authorized for use during the Case Examination: 1. Texas Instruments 2. Hewlett Packard 3. Sharp TI BA II Plus (including the professional model) HP 10bII+ (or HP 10bll) EL-738C (or EL-738) Candidates are reminded that no outside research on the industry related to this case is required. Examination responses will be evaluated on the basis of the industry information provided in the Backgrounder and the question paper (Additional Information). © 2013 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. All rights reserved. ®/™ Registered Trade-Marks/Trade-Marks are owned by The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. Backgrounder Practice Case Examination – M3A1 Aqua Fish Canada Inc. (AFC) Backgrounder May 2002 to April 2011 Overview Aqua Fish Canada Inc. (AFC) is a privately owned, Canadian company involved in aquaculture in the Maritimes. Aquaculture is the cultivation...
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...Natural Resources and Energy Paper SCI/256 July 09, 2013 . Marine Ecosystem Out of all of the large and natural resources available for generating electricity in the United States, it is the ocean. Ocean energy may be the last investigated for its potential. The ocean is so vast and deep, until recently, it was assumed that no matter how many chemicals or how much trash humans dumped into the ocean, the effects would be negligible. Dumping into oceans have even got the catchphrase: “The solution to pollution is dilution” (National Geographic, 2013) Impacts Associated With Agriculture Pollutants from agriculture have affected the marine’s ecosystem in ways that may not be reversible, and may also be slowly harming rivers, streams, and coastal waters. Pesticides and fertilizer are two major components that have disturbed the marine’s ecosystem; both contain harmful chemicals that can be hazardous to living organisms in the water. Fertilizer and pesticide run-off from large farms may have initiated bursts of marine algae which may disrupt the ocean’s ecosystem by causing massive blooms in marine waters (Schwartz, 2005). Winds cause nitrogen and other nutrients from the seafloor to surface, which promote the growth of algae called phytoplankton. Phytoplankton is a main source of food for many living organisms in the marine waters. Agricultural pollutants may have triggered phytoplankton to produce harmful blooms in tides, which are giving-off poisonous toxins to marine life...
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... | | |expansion into the Ohio River valley brought repeated conflict with the claims |First funding this war lead to a huge national debt for Great Britain, which they felt | | |of the British colonies, a series of battles led to the official British |the Americans should help pay. Parliament decided to service the debt by passing the | | |declaration of war in 1756. Boosted by the financing of future Prime Minister |stamp act, a terrible failure that angered citizens on both sides of the Atlantic, which | | |William Pitt, the British turned the tide with victories at Louisbourg, Fort |started the rift between Britain and its colonists. | | |Frontenac and the French-Canadian stronghold of Quebec. At the 1763 peace | | | |conference, the British received the territories of Canada from France and |Second, the French,...
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...The Exportation of U.S. LNG: An Abundance of Shale and Construction of New Export Terminals Section 1: Introduction The shale boom experienced by the United States since the mid-2000s ushered in unprecedented production and reserves estimates of oil and gas in the lower 48 states. This sustained supply and production has been a result of technological advancement, particularly improved techniques in hydraulic fracturing, has kept prices for natural gas extremely low while crude oil prices have fluctuated and changed over time. One reason for this is the different nature of exportation in the two hydrocarbons. As will be discussed below, the transportation and exporting of natural gas is much different than for crude oil. Natural gas must undergo a liquefaction process in order to travel by specialized cargo ship, the alternative to a pipeline, which adds substantial costs to the activity. There are currently no operational natural gas export terminals in the lower 48 states, but a few are under construction. The large sunk costs will be a large part of our consideration of the exportation of natural gas. The U.S. has traditionally been a net importer of gas, and considering the high upfront costs of building export terminals, the sale of American gas has been isolated almost exclusively to the domestic market. The only exception to this has been to export natural gas only where existing pipelines can carry it, which has limited foreign export to North America....
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...Introduction Malaysia economic development strategy, since the introduction of New Economic Policy has hastened the development process in the following years especially 1980s - 90’s decade. Development was further speeded up in 2000s with the nation vision of achieving an industrialized status by year 2020. However, the rapid development process sometimes was carried out without really taking into consideration, that the possibility of such development will impacts on the environment, in this case, impacts towards the rivers. Table 1 below shows the number of polluted river (suspended solids) from year 1998 – 2008. Table [ 1 ]: Number of clean, slighly polluted and polluted basin in Malaysia (Suspended Solids) A) Economic Growth and Water Pollution As the country which moves towards the realization of its vision 2020 to becoming a developed nation through the implementation of its policy agenda for heavy industrialization, infrastructures, and urban-expansions, the water demands increase steeply. There is greater pressure to preserve the current water resources as well as to find alternative course of actions to improve the water quality. In other words, the consistent and rapid growth of urban-industries in Malaysia has undoubtedly resulted in an increase in economic well being of the citizens on the one hand. After all, for the first time in years, the external value of Malaysia’s currency, the ringgit, shrank by nearly 50 per cent while the stock market contracted...
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...Index Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Diversity Amid Globalization-------------------------------------------------------5 The Changing Global Environment----------------------------------------------11 North America---------------------------------------------------------------------------12 Latin America---------------------------------------------------------------------------23 The Caribbean--------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Sub-Saharan Africa-------------------------------------------------------------------31 Southwest Asia and North Africa------------------------------------------------32 Europe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34 The Russian Domain-----------------------------------------------------------------39 Central Asia-----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 East Asia---------------------------------------------------------------------------------45 South Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------47 Southeast Asia-------------------------------------------------------------------------50 Australia and Oceania---------------------------------------------------------------57 Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------60 Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------61 ...
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...I. Introduction Driven largely by a growing population and rising incomes around the world, agricultural demand is expected to continue rising in order to ensure abundant quantities of high-quality food, feed, fibre, energy and even industrial products. The foundation of sustainable agriculture is soil fertility , a term that encompasses the soil’s nutrient content, the amount of soil organic matter, the soil structure, its PH balance and the presence of microorganisms(IFA,2012). Most soils lack at least some plant nutrients , and growing crops remove nutrients from the soil. Soil nutrients must be replenished when removed and supplied when deficient. It takes years and sometimes decades for natural processes to restore nutrients in the soil, which means that they no longer suffice to support global agricultural production. Traditional methods for restoring soil fertility, which entail long fallow periods and shifting agriculture into new areas, may contribute to deforestation, given current pressures on land use. Although historically sustainable, these practices no longer suffice to meet the needs of the current and future population levels and density. Organic sources of nutrients provide fewer nutrients than most people think, but they are usually excellent for improving other aspects of soil fertility. Inorganic sources contain only plant-available nutrients and therefore have no direct influence on soil structure or the presence of microorganisms. This is why agronomists...
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...promoting sustainable development are controlled by different levels of governments (e.g. municipalities, provinces, and territories). The FSDA (Federal Sustainable Development Act) articulates the Government of Canada’s long-term vision, goals, and targets, including its plans for reducing the federal government’s environmental footprint. Environmental sustainability and economic development can be considered contending imperatives. We are now seeing more and more concern for ‘sustainable development’ that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” While a consumerist lifestyle is inevitable in a highly globalised society, careless consumption is something that can and should be curbed. Achieving sustainable economic growth...
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...Sustainable Development and Planetary Boundaries BACKGROUND RESEARCH PAPER Johan Rockström and Jeffrey D. Sachs with Marcus C. Öhman and Guido Schmidt-Traub Submitted to the High Level Panel on the Post-2015 Development Agenda This paper reflects the views of the author and does not represent the views of the Panel. It is provided as background research for the HLP Report, one of many inputs to the process. May 2013 Draft for Discussion Sustainable Development and Planetary Boundaries Draft for Discussion Background paper for the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda Prepared by the co-chairs of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network Thematic Group on Macroeconomics, Population Dynamics, and Planetary Boundaries: Johan Rockström Executive Director, Stockholm Resilience Centre Professor of Environmental Science, Stockholm University Jeffrey D. Sachs Director, The Earth Institute, Columbia University Director, The Sustainable Development Solutions Network Special Advisor to Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon on the Millennium Development Goals with Marcus C. Öhman Associate Professor and Senior Researcher in Ecology and Environmental Science, Stockholm Resilience Centre Guido Schmidt-Traub Executive Director, The Sustainable Development Solutions Network 15 March 2013 1 Draft for Discussion The world faces a serious challenge, indeed one that is unique to our age. Developing countries rightly...
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...What is climate change? The Earth's climate has changed over the last century. Increases in average temperatures have been seen around the globe and there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed in the last 50 years is due to human activities. While climate change is a global issue, it will affect us all. Climate change has the potential to adversely affect our environment, our communities and our economy unless we take action now to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for the impacts. Climate change will alter global and local climates. In Victoria, this means a warmer and drier future, with an increasing likelihood of more extreme events such as heatwaves, bushfires and storm surges. Climate change is the greatest threat facing our planet today. A warming planet alters weather patterns, water supplies, seasonal growth for plants and a sustainable way of life for us and the world’s wildlife. Climate change has already started, but it’s not too late to take action. There’s still time for us all to be part of the solution. A continuous flow of energy from the sun heats the Earth. Naturally occurring gases in the atmosphere, known as greenhouse gases – this includes carbon dioxide (CO2) - , trap this heat like a blanket, keeping the Earth at an average of 15 degrees Celsius – warm enough to sustain life. The overuse of fossil fuels is increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, trapping more and more heat and warming the Earth. As a result, we’re...
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...From: Jordan Pinkus Date: [ 9/29/2010 ] Re: PAC-10 Overview of Water Crisis: Key Opportunities How to Use This Memo Template Global shortages of potable water have signaled an emerging crisis. The shortages impact developed and developing nations, though the evidence is harshest in the developing world. Despite available drinking water and seemingly abundant domestic water supplies, the United States faces increasing and accelerating shortages. However, in this era of crises (global warming, the energy crisis, the financial crisis), a crisis means business opportunity. 1,4 The average resident of the United States uses 616 gallons per day. Comparatively, this ranks United States second to Canada for per capita consumption. However, the United States population is approximately 10 times that of Canada and therefore total domestic consumption exceeds Canadian several times over, ranking first globally. The scale of water demands strains the hydrologic cycle, which governs the replenishment of fresh water, thereby jeopardizing long-term water resources. 3 Meeting the United States’ water demands traditionally required engineering solutions to a consistent question: Where can we get more water? However, continued strain on resources reveals the need for more than the quick fixes engineers have always turned to. 1 Water-conservation solutions now offer a cost-effective alternative to acquiring new sources, while providing co-benefits to the environment, economy, and health...
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...century, globalisation was shaped by: emergence of free market ideas, de-regulation of world financial markets, emergence of WTO, GATT, IMF, NICs, opening of large economies of China and India, development of global marketing; global marketers view the world as one market and create products that fit various regional marketplaces. GLOBALISATION: * Increasing interconnection in the world’s economic, cultural and political systems. FORMS OF GLOBALISATION: ECONOMIC: under both the GATT and its successor WTO, world trade has expanded rapidly; TNCs have increased economic interdependence and several generations of NICs have emerged CULTURAL: western culture diffused to all parts of the world through media POLITICAL: influence of nation states diminished in many areas as more and more countries organised themselves into trade blocs; influence of Western democracies on developing countries has also been strong GLOBALISATION CAN BE SEEN IN TERMS OF: URBAN: hierarchy of global cities emerged to act as centres for global economy DEMOGRAPHIC: growth of international migration + rise of cultural societies LINGUISTIC: emergence of English as working language of the ‘global village’ ENVRIONMENTAL: impact of activity in one country has clear impact in others (e.g. pollution) PROCESSES OF GLOBALISATION: DEVELOPMENT CONINNUM CONT’ [GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROUPINGS]: DEVELOPED: highly developed countries who have high living standards DEVELOPING: countries at lower...
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