...Sports, Youth and Character: A Critical Survey Robert K. Fullinwider* Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy University of Maryland * rkf@umd.edu CIRCLE WORKING PAPER 44 FEBRUARY 2006 CIRCLE Working Paper 44: February 2006 Sports, Youth and Character: A Critical Survey TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION....................................... 3 a. methodological limitations..................... 4 b. conceptual and theoretical infelicities...... 5 II. THE LESSONS OF SPORT......................... 5 III. BASICS................................................ 6 a. too much too early?.............................. 8 b. competition’s role understood ............... 11 c. competition, participation, and fun......... 12 d. not enough?........................................ 14 IV. WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE?.................... 15 V. THE MICROWORLD OF PARTICIPATION...... 17 VI. APPENDIX A......................................... 19 a. Shields and Bredemeier...................... 19 a.1. moral maturity: what are psychologists looking for?............ 22 a.2. game thinking............................. 24 a.3. moral confusion........................... 25 b. Stoll, Lumpkin, Beller, and Hahm.............. 27 It has been recognized for centuries that sport can contribute to education values that make for the development of character and right social relations . . . . [Within this contribution] there are many intertwined and interwoven threads of influences...
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...Let Them Play! : Benefits of Sports Briana B. Western Governors University WGU Student ID #: ************ Let Them Play! Childhood sports have been proven to provide multiple developmental benefits to all children involved in such programs. The best way for kids to reap all the benefits of sports participation is to submerse them into a program which offers a positive environment with encouraging coaches who instruct with constructive criticism and work to “minimize negative experiences” (Seefeldt & Ewing, 1996, p.3). Research has shown that children who participate in frequent physical activity, such as sports, experience improved academics, have better mental health, and are less likely to take part in risky health behaviors than their less active counterparts. Dr. Daniels, author of “Interscholastic Sports and the Middle School Student”, finds six main points of interest pertaining to the benefits of and liabilities for children who get involved in sports. Out of the six, four are beneficial, and only two are considered to be liabilities. The four positive characteristics of sports are scholastic achievement, competency, fitness, and self-esteem. Whereas the two negative characteristics are sports injuries, stress and anxiety (as cited by Daniels, 1999, p.2). Although Dr. Daniels doesn’t talk about it in her dissertation, one more benefit of kids getting active is their likelihood to avoid the appearance of evil, in other words they are unlikely...
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...SWOT Analysis on Electronic Arts Sports [] [Name of Instructor] [Course Title] [Date] Background of the Company Electronic Arts (EA) are an international organization that deals with the development, marketing, publishing and distribution of video games all over the world. US census bureau identified electronic arts as software publishers industry. EA is well-established and independent producers of video games and according to the study by Thompson (2007), EA made global market up to $35 billion. In 2005, it was observed that the US made sales up to $7 billion along with the video games made by EA, and this amount was predicted to grow more in order, to set a record. The prediction was made on the analysis that retailers would be purchasing an Xbox 360, Sony’s new play station and Nintendo Wii in bulk. But, unfortunately, the originality of new consoles tapered off and a decline in sale was observed by 2010. There are various factors that contribute to progress the popularity and demands of video games among masses. Likewise, these video games were made, themed and styled to satisfy needs of all age groups specifically youth. Secondly, graphics play an important part in expanding the fame and demand of video games. EA showed a tremendous growth in the global market by meeting the needs of customers and by marketed the items properly, exactly according to the increasing budgets, sale promotions and advertisement levels. The growth of the company is evidenced...
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...Repositioning Paper Abstract This paper will identify the marketing plan for repositioning a new product line being discussed at Nike, Inc. called Nike Adventures. Nike Adventures is an entire line made with kids and their families in mind to get them active and mobile. Introduction Obesity in children is starting to become headline news in the United States. Therefore, Nike has decided to incorporate the NikeGO Program with a line designed with primarily children in mind. This paper will examine the marketing segments being targeted for this new line. The goal is to ensure that the proper marketing strategies are initiated and that a strong market does exist to carry this line to its full growth potential. In this paper, marketing mix strategies, possible tax ramifications, elements of the consumer decision-making and post-purchase process are discussed, and a criteria and timetable for measuring the success of the repositioning strategy is developed. Discussion: What is Nike Adventures? Provided by the official website of NikeGO Program, the program and this new line of products called Nike Adventures have the same, simple mission: “Get kids moving and give them the means to do it. We've all seen the statistics - some very disturbing. No matter the causes -- school funding cuts, lack of phys-ed programs, shortage of facilities, computers and the Internet, or plain old apathy - the unvarnished truth is...
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...Ethical issues regarding the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports In the history of 20th century sports, specifically in the post World War 2 era, there has been an ever increasing use of performance enhancing drugs in all avenues of sport. Sports have become money making machine for both athletes and big business and the “win at all costs” attitude which has permeated itself into all aspects of professional and college level athletics. Winners make money, losers don’t. The temptation of fame, notoriety and million dollar contracts in all venues of sport is a lure for many athletes. Elite professional athletes are worshiped in today’s society. This paper will elaborate on the use of performance enhancing drugs in the sporting world and the associated sports ethical issues. It is a majority belief in all sporting circles that the “true” spirit of sportsmanship does not allow any aspect of performance enhancing drugs. There are several arguments both in favor and against the use of performance enhancing drugs which will be presented and discussed in this paper. While addressing this ethical issue, we need to define the term ethics. Ethics can be defined as the socially accepted norms and values. These norms and values are varied from society to society and are based on culture and tradition. Ethics also could be defined as the unsaid, un-written and understood laws that prevail in a society. Ethics also cover what is right and what is wrong in society and teaches...
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...Writing 222 12 August 2013 EARLY EDUCATION Abstract Social scientists have posited that education can make a significant and long-lasting difference on the lives of children, especially those who experience poverty (Barnett, 1995; Brooks-Gunn, 2003; Karoly, et al, 1998). In recent years, policymakers and researchers in the United States have re-examined the role that quality early education can play in the lives of young children, primarily those growing up in poverty (Rouse, Brooks-Gunn, & McLanahan, 2005). Specifically, some have argued that high quality education and care programs that begin early in life have the potential to close gaps in school achievement that often exist between poor and minority children and their middle-class, mostly White, counterparts (Magnuson & Waldfogel, 2005).Based on these conclusions, U.S. policymakers and practitioners interested in improving the lives of poor children have considered the possibility that early education programs may contribute to solving the myriad of problems that growing up in poverty poses. This paper will examine the benefits of early education and the arguments against early education and references or in text citation with bibliography. Introduction During early years, children go through critical stages of development, and consistent, high-quality early education can have long-lasting, beneficial effects on the overall development of children. Choosing a preschool in which your child will be loved and...
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...may span for about 3 ½ years (Stradley, 2011). (Workman Pub Co, 2002) The NFL has added several new teams, provided innovative equipment, additional rules, distinctive playing styles, but most importantly there has been a revolutionary change of the NFL culture. The game of football is being played at a faster pace and players are becoming larger, and intelligent (Wharton, 2011). While the sport of football can be stressful, competitive, entertaining and enjoyable, it also poses a dangerous threat of injury. One of the more common injuries within playing or watching football are concussions. Over the past few years concussions have become a more serious endangerment to those who play, from new evidence we have seen on the effects on the brain and how it can affect a player’s future. The purpose of this project is to investigate the current status of football and concussions in finding a solution to reducing head trauma in players as it pertains to the following areas: overall safety for the players, NFL culture, equipment, research efforts, and the future of football. According to CBS Sports (2011), more than 61% of former players have experienced concussions during their time in the league. The first section will discuss on what concussions are, what cause them to occur, what symptoms may be brought...
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...Callaway Golf Clubs Term Paper Assignment Webster University Marketing 5000-02 Fall I 2010 Rashad A. Myers Executive Summary Callaway is a premium golf equipment company which focuses on increasing the overall experience of playing the game for those that use its products. The company will increase market share and profits by focusing on specific target markets over the next 12 months. Environmental Analysis Socio-Culturally, Callaway is affected by the fact that the majority of its customers are Caucasian and male. Further, this demographic is largely made up of male baby boomers, and this segment is aging rapidly, with many giving up the game due to health reasons. Also, children are not taking up the game with the numbers that they used to. Instead, they opt for video games and other sports. Politically, Callaway is not affected by legislation. Callaway is certainly impacted by what is going on economically. Golf is a relatively expensive sport to play with any regularity, when you take into consideration the equipment costs and green fees. One of the first activities that are limited is recreational spending in a down economy. The company will suffer if people’s discretionary spending is limited for extended periods of time. Callaway is affected by Legal and Regulatory forces because its governing body, the United States Golf Association (USGA) can make changes to equipment any time it wants to. Callaway incorporates technology heavily in their...
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...1.0 Introduction 1.1Definition of Responsible Business Responsible business is the same meaning as business ethics which mean runs a business honestly, and tries to think more about the environment and people when making decisions for business, so that can make a positive contribution to the local community and wider society (ORB, n.d.). Besides, business responsibilities also known as Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR), it was actually a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental will be more concern in business operation and interaction with stakeholders. According to Starbucks (2004), a responsible company is the one who always listen to the stakeholders and response honestly with concern. Stake holders can be categorise as a person, organisation or a group that has interest or related in an organization. Examples for stakeholders are directors, creditors, employees, shareholders, supplies, government, the community and unions. Proton 1.2 History of Proton Malaysia PROTON (Perusahan Otomobil Nasional Berhad) started their very first business on May 7, 1983 and main in manufacture, sell motor vehicles and related products, which including spare parts accessories for vehicles and other components. As a very memorable history, the first car that produced by PROTON is Proton Saga (Appendix 1), which is launched on July 9, 1985. The original idea that conceived the Malaysia car is actually by a Malaysian, his name is Dato’ Seri Mahatir...
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...TENNIS RECOVERY A Comprehensive Review of the Research Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Tennis Recovery: A Comprehensive Review of the Research Copyright © 2010 United States Tennis Association Inc. ISBN 978-0-692-00528-6 Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, Todd S. Ellenbecker, W. Ben Kibler TENNIS RECOVERY A Comprehensive Review of the Research A United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee Project Editors: Mark S. Kovacs, PhD Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT W. Ben Kibler, MD Introduction In the last two decades, physical training and competitive opportunities have increased dramatically in junior, collegiate and professional tennis. This arose due to a multitude of factors, but much of it has stemmed from an increase in knowledge and understanding of scientifically based training programs focused on improving performance. As this focus on performance has increased, the area of recovery has received relatively limited focus. Recovery is a multi-faceted paradigm focusing on recovery from training—session to session, day to day and week to week. Recovery is also vitally important during training as well as in competition between matches and between days during multi-day tournaments. As more information is needed in the area of tennis specific recovery, the Sport Science Committee of the United States Tennis Association (USTA) sponsored an extensive evidence-based...
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...Gutenberg invented the first movable type, which allowed mass printing to be possible for the first time. Marketing and advertising has since evolved from magazines, to billboards, radio, television, telemarketing, print ads, and now with the digital age booming, has become a hyper competitive industry where companies will do just about anything to attract a customer. Doing “just about anything” is where marketers and advertisers operate on a very thin line as to what is considered ethical. This strategy now includes tactics such as the use of alcohol, sex, and the targeting of children to attract consumers. Companies use the power of beer advertisements at college sporting events, sexually explicit advertisements in venues viewed by children and teenagers, and use the developing minds of small children as targets in the advertising of certain products. While these strategies may be legal, they are not always ethical. In this paper, I will challenge the use of content, tactics, perception, and target audience, while applying ethical tests and theories regarding a company’s marketing strategies. A company must have ethical marketing policies to guide their pricing, advertising, research, and competitive strategies. (www.boundless.com) My analysis will determine if the aforementioned strategies follow this standard code of ethics. Does Alcohol hit its Target? Since there is a standard drinking age in the United States of 21...
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... • Market analysis • Competitor analysis • Customer analysis • Company analysis • SWOT analysis 3. Recommendation • Marketing objectives • Recommended target market • Recommended position Introduction This marketing plan examines capitalize on the production line extension – sport milk into the Hong Kong market, and makes recommendations regarding its launch. Kowloon Dairy is a supplier of milk products. It has 450 employees and more than 30 fleet of refrigerated delivery trucks that guarantees the integrity of the cold chain is not broken. Milk are sold in 236ml single-use and 946ml single-use paper box. Kowloon Dairy also sold other functional milk and coffee milk from Australia. Kowloon Dairy was established in 1940. It has prospered to be the concept of everyday fresh milk, and production in Hong Kong. Further expansion of its products like ice cream and other kinds of milk. The company independently purchases the material milk from different source, after packaging and production from the factory, which are offered as the affordable, good, fresh, everyday drinking milk. The dairy industry in Hong Kong is very competitive, especially for a big company like Kowloon Dairy. To ensure sustainable, Kowloon Dairy is looking to extend its product line to attract more customers in Hong Kong, based on the availability of cheap, good quality and fresh milk. Strategies to achieve this are set out below. Current marketing situation Market...
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...following: Task 1 Analyse the concepts and process of marketing, and you are required to do these considering the company you choose. To do this, you should introduce your company briefly first. Li Ning Company Limited is one of the leading sports brand enterprises in the PRC, possessing brand marketing, research and development, design, manufacturing, distribution and retail capabilities. The Group's products mainly include footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for sport and leisure uses under its own Li Ning brand. The Group has established an extensive supply chain management system, and a distribution and retail network in the PRC primarily through outsourcing of manufacturing operations and distribution via franchised agents. The Group also directly operates retail stores for the Li Ning brand. The Group adopts a multi-brand business development strategy. In addition to its core Li Ning brand, the Group (i) distributes sports products under its Z-DO brand via hypermarket channel; (ii) manufactures, markets, distributes and sells outdoor sports products under the French brand AIGLE in the PRC, the exclusive right of which has been granted to a joint venture established with Aigle International S.A.; (iii) engages in manufacture, research and development, marketing and sale of table tennis and other sports equipment under the Double Happiness brand through a subsidiary in which the Group has a 57.5% interest; (iv) develops, manufactures, markets, distributes...
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...Company Background This report is a comprehensive marketing plan for Burlington Sporting Goods, located in Alamance County, NC. Burlington Sporting Goods (BSG) is Alamance County’s oldest sporting goods store. Since the store opened in October 1947, BSG has offered a wide variety of sport related products and services to the people of Burlington and Graham. Along with retail sporting goods and apparel, BSG offers corporate screen-printing for team uniforms, a basketball facility and an indoor batting facility. The batting facility features a completely enclosed 70' x 70' batting cage with nine token operated pitching machines. Additionally, BSG offers Nike SPARQ training and hosts birthday parties and summer camps for basketball, cheerleading and baseball. Mission Burlington Sporting Goods strives to foster mutually beneficial ties in Alamance County. Since we opened our doors in October 1947, Burlington Sporting Goods has provided the towns of Graham and Burlington with a wealth of services for all their athletic and sport needs. We're the oldest sporting goods store in Alamance County, and we take pride in providing Alamance County with our team-oriented and friendly staff (BSG, 2013). The following plan is designed to boost the financial success and brand equity of Burlington Sporting Goods in order to help the organization achieve and maintain its stated mission. It features an analysis of BSG’s current position within its market, an analysis of the organization’s target...
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...How Divorce Impacts Children Under the Age of 18 F. Jeanpierre Psychology Abstract In this research you will see how divorce impacts children under the age of 18. The effects are not universal. Divorce affects children differently based on their age, personality and sexuality. Divorce affects children both mentally and physically. In this research, you will see how divorce can impact children immediately as well as post divorce. I will start with infants, preschool age children, school-aged and then adolescents. Then you will see how divorce affects children spiritually. Furthermore, you will see how the affect of divorce varies based on the child's gender. Finally, in this research paper, you will see ways to help a child adjust after divorce. Infants The first age group is infants. Not too much is known on the affects of divorce for children under the age of 3. Some have speculated that children under the age of 3 does not always suffer from their parents divorced. Thus, sociologist and psychologist agreed that problems in personality can developed if the child had a strong bond between the parents and those bonds are broken due to the divorce. Professionals highly encourage parents to make arrangements so the potential, full affect of the divorce won’t impact the child as much. The conflict of divorce may not be understood by infants, but they can react to changes in the parent’s level of energy and involvement. Infants can lose their appetite, have an upset...
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