...Should Producers Of Software-Based Services, Such As Atms, Be Held Liable For Economic Injuries Suffered When Their Systems Fail? Professional ethics includes relationships and responsibilities to customers and others who use the technology products that we develop. Honesty is a fundamental ethical value, however, some ethical problems are more subtle than the choice between honesty and dishonesty. As technology professionals, we must have a "..good conscience in all things ... (Hebrews 13:18)" as we strive to do a thorough and careful job. But, we must recognize that, even using the best design methodologies, it is possible to produce software that is flawed. Discuss the following: * Should producers of software-based services, such as ATMs, be held liable for economic injuries suffered when their systems fail? * Does your perspective on the level of culpability change when the development was conducted in accordance with industry best practices? * What steps, if any, can be taken to protect against potentially dangerous programming mistakes? The first question in the discussion board is interesting because there can be valid arguments made on both sides of the question. If it is found that the producer could have taken steps to avoid the economic injuries suffered from their software then they should be held liable for the damages but if the damages are no fault of their own then they should not be held liable. There was a recent case that got worldwide attention...
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...bhskno9uadojvnlksdIn article , Unruh wrote: |roberson [at] ibd.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca (Walter Roberson) writes: |>In article , |> wrote: |>:Should producers of software based services such as Automated Teller |>:Machines (ATM) be held liable for economic injuries suffered when their |>:system fails? |>What kind of "economic injuries" ? Is it an "economic injury" if an |>ATM takes itself out of service and the customer has to spend |>4 cents on gas to get to the next one down the road? |None of these would be regarded as economic injury by any court I do not |believe. It would be an "economic injury", it just isn't one that the courts are likely to find the ATM company to be at fault for. But that's under -current- laws, and the OP was asking a hypothetical question about a potential future in which "economic injuries" had stronger, more explicit, legal protections. Before we can comment on whether such a thing would be just, reasonable, or politically realistic, we need to know what the OP meant by "economic injuries". :Nor would this be. The customer has the duty to make sure that if some time :is important to him that he take into reasonable sources of delay. A lineup :at an ATM is a reasonable and forseeable source of delay. IMHO, the possibility that the ATMs might be out of order completely (or locked for the night, or removed from service the morning before) would also be "reasonable and forseeable". I know, though, Bill, that you've done quite enough computer...
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...2. Should producers of software-based services, such as ATMs, be held liable for economic injuries suffered when their systems fail? Provide specific examples of real-world situations that have happened, names of companies, etc. Is it the same for automobile defects/catastrophes? One example of fraud is when an unattended, self-serve bank ATM machine is compromised using a card skimmer to steal debit card account and PIN numbers. In this case, the bank should be held responsible for any economic losses suffered by its customers as it was negligent in not protecting physical access to its machine and allowing criminals to place the device on the ATM. Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek “hacked” a car’s computer controls “to send commands through the Jeep’s entertainment system to its dashboard functions, steering, brakes, and transmission, all from a laptop that may be across the 1 country.” For the moment, this is a cautionary tale. However as self-driving cars become ubiquitous, manufacturers, lawmakers and the courts will have to decide on the inevitable litigations suing for physical and economic damages caused by insecure automobile control software. 3. Visit the USSData website at: http://www.usadata.com/ USAData consolidates personal data on millions of people. Anyone with a credit card can purchase marketing lists of consumers broken down by location, age, income level & interests. It's accredited by the Better Business Bureau as an A+ rating. Consider the...
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...Chapter 5 Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Teaching Objectives Students should be able to answer the following questions: 1. What ethical, social, and political issues are raised by information systems? 2. Are there specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide decisions about ethical dilemmas? 3. Why does contemporary information technology pose challenges to the protection for individual privacy and intellectual property? 4. How have information systems affected everyday life? 5. How can organizations develop corporate policies for ethical conduct? Key Terms The following alphabetical list identifies the key terms discussed in this chapter. The page number for each key term is provided. |Accountability, 154 |Intellectual property, 164 | |Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), 176 |Liability, 154 | |Computer abuse, 173 |Non-obvious relationship awareness (NORA), 153 | |Computer crime, 173 |Opt-in, 161 | |Computer vision syndrome (CVS), 177 |Opt-out, 161 | |Cookie, 160 ...
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...Chapter 5 Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Teaching Objectives Students should be able to answer the following questions: 1. What ethical, social, and political issues are raised by information systems? 2. Are there specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide decisions about ethical dilemmas? 3. Why does contemporary information technology pose challenges to the protection for individual privacy and intellectual property? 4. How have information systems affected everyday life? 5. How can organizations develop corporate policies for ethical conduct? Key Terms The following alphabetical list identifies the key terms discussed in this chapter. The page number for each key term is provided. |Accountability, 154 |Intellectual property, 164 | |Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), 176 |Liability, 154 | |Computer abuse, 173 |Non-obvious relationship awareness (NORA), 153 | |Computer crime, 173 |Opt-in, 161 | |Computer vision syndrome (CVS), 177 |Opt-out, 161 | |Cookie, 160 ...
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...Chapter 5 Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Teaching Objectives Students should be able to answer the following questions: 1. What ethical, social, and political issues are raised by information systems? 2. Are there specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide decisions about ethical dilemmas? 3. Why does contemporary information technology pose challenges to the protection for individual privacy and intellectual property? 4. How have information systems affected everyday life? 5. How can organizations develop corporate policies for ethical conduct? Key Terms The following alphabetical list identifies the key terms discussed in this chapter. The page number for each key term is provided. |Accountability, 154 |Intellectual property, 164 | |Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), 176 |Liability, 154 | |Computer abuse, 173 |Non-obvious relationship awareness (NORA), 153 | |Computer crime, 173 |Opt-in, 161 | |Computer vision syndrome (CVS), 177 |Opt-out, 161 | |Cookie, 160 ...
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...Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Analyze the relationships among ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by information systems. 2. Identify the main moral dimensions of an information society and specific principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. 3. Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property. 4. Assess how information systems have affected everyday life. CHAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 UNDERSTANDING ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO SYSTEMS A Model for Thinking About Ethical, Social, and Political Issues Five Moral Dimensions of the Information Age Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues ETHICS IN AN INFORMATION SOCIETY Basic Concepts: Responsibility, Accountability, and Liability Ethical Analysis Candidate Ethical Principles Professional Codes of Conduct Some Real-World Ethical Dilemmas THE MORAL DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information Rights: Privacy and Freedom in the Internet Age Property Rights: Intellectual Property Accountability, Liability, and Control System Quality: Data Quality and System Errors Quality of Life: Equity, Access, and Boundaries HANDS-ON MIS Developing a Web Site Privacy Policy: Dirt Bikes USA Achieving Operational Excellence: Creating a Simple Web Site Using Web Page Development Tools Improving Decision Making: Using...
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...Mid-Term Individual Assignment 1. Information systems are too important to be left to computer specialists. Do you agree? Why or why not? 2. Adopting an enterprise application is a key business decision as well as a technology decision. Do you agree? Why or why not? Who should make this decision? 3. It has been said that the advantage that leading-edge retailers such as Dell and Wal-Mart have over their competition isn’t technology; it’s their management. Do you agree? Why or why not? 4. Should producers of software-based services, such as ATMs, be held liable for economic injuries suffered when their systems fail? 5. Why is selecting computer hardware and software for the organization an important business decision? What management, organization, and technology issues should be considered when selecting computer hardware and software? 6. To what extent should end users be involved in the selection of a database management system and database design? MID-TERM GROUP PROJECT - Dropbox In groups of 3 or 4 (groups of 5 for this Session), complete the case analysis outlined below. Week 4 Midterm Group Project Business Problem-Solving Case: Trouble with the Terrorist Watch List Database This is a group project and only one group paper will be accepted for the team. Read the case study for chapter 6 (pages 241 -244). Complete a 5 to 8 page paper addressing each of the five case study questions listed below. State the question then the answer...
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...This week's graded topics relate to the following Terminal Course Objectives (TCOs): A | Given an organizational requirement to conform business practices to both the law and best ethical practices, apply appropriate ethical theories to shape a business decision. | I | Given specified circumstances of a business decision to expand to international markets, determine what international legal requirements or regulatory controls apply. | Topics for This Week's Discussion * Introduce yourself to your professor and the rest of the class. (not graded) * Thread over TCO A/I (graded) * Ethics and Patent Rights Post 9/11 (graded) * Q & A Forum for your questions and comments (not graded) | | There is a drop down arrow next to the "Select a Topic" box. Click on this arrow to select topics for discussion. | ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Select a Topic: Bottom of Form The World Bank Situation (graded) | Class, please read Chapter 2, problem 5 from the Jennings text, p. 72. This week, we will discuss the Wolfowitz situation at the World Bank. Consider the questions at the end of the problem as you make comments in the threads this week. What are the ethics here? Was Wolfowitz trying to do the right thing? Does that make a difference ethically? Throughout the week, I will bring in further questions. Be sure to read the lecture and the international ethics article stated in your reading for the week as well. | ...
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...In a competitive era like we have today, it is essential to catch up with the latest trends in the society. With increasing emphasis on various competitive exams and your soft skills for grabbing all upcoming opportunity, English as a language is becoming all the more important. Everywhere we go, we face difficulties in getting a job, which is our aim, to survive in the society and lead a successful life. Speaking and writing correct and required English is one of them. Here we bring a book that will give a basic structure to all the aspirants to attempt descriptive English properly. We give a complete framework covering each and every topic of descriptive English paper. The book comprises techniques to attempt précis and essays, contains types of letters, sample letters & even model tests for your practice. This will provide the aspirants with basic knowledge of general rules of attempting English language descriptive paper, guiding them in learning English to an extent to which they attempt confident use of English. The book is aimed to provide you the content, sufficient enough, to attempt the descriptive English paper efficiently and may lead you to success in your examination. For this purpose all the current topics are being covered here. This book also intends to provide the competitors a conceptual base through the explanations of the questions asked. Any modification or error shall be entertained and we will try to incorporate it in our next issue. DESCRIPTIVE...
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...Content Product Manager: Jennifer Feltri Senior Art Director: Stacy Jenkins Shirley Cover Designer: Itzhack Shelomi Cover Image: iStock Images Technology Project Manager: Chris Valentine Manufacturing Coordinator: Julio Esperas Copyeditor: Green Pen Quality Assurance Proofreader: Suzanne Huizenga Indexer: Alexandra Nickerson Composition: Pre-Press PMG © 2010 Course Technology, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Microsoft, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000,...
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...some operations it is vital that processes do not fail. Failure in aircraft in flight, for example, or electricity supplies to hospitals, or car seat belts, or the emergency services can be literally fatal. For these operations dependability is not just desirable, it is essential. Even in less critical situations, having dependable processes can give a competitive advantage. But no process is perfect and failures will occur. So it is important that we learn from all failures and have plans in place which help them recover and minimize their effects. Figure 19.1 shows how this chapter fits into the operation’s improvement activities. Operations strategy Failure prevention and recovery Operations process improvement makes processes better Design Operations management Improvement Total quality management organizes process improvement Planning and control Failure prevention and recovery stops processes becoming worse Topic covered in this chapter Figure 19.1 This chapter covers failure prevention and recovery . 618 Part Four Improvement Key questions I I I I I ??? Why do operations fail? How is failure measured? How can failure and potential failure be detected and analyzed? How can operations improve their reliability? How should operations recover when failure does occur? Operations (not) in practice Barings Bank and Nick Leeson On 3 March 1995 Nick Leeson, the Singapore-based ‘rogue trader’, was arrested immediately after his...
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...INDEX S.NO. TOPIC INDIAN CONTRACT ACT Nature and Kind of Contracts Offer and Acceptance of an Offer Capacity of Parties and Consideration Void Agreement and Contingent Contract Performance of Contract Discharge of a Contract Remedies for Breach of Contract and Quasi-contract Agency PAGE 2-10 11-22 23-34 35-49 50-62 63-72 73-81 82-99 SALES OF GOODS ACT Sales of Goods Act CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT Consumer Protection Act NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT ACT Negotiable Instrument Act THE PARTNERSHIP LAW The Partnership Law THE COMPANIES ACT 1956 & COMPANIES LAW 2013 Companies Act 1956: Types of Company and Its Characters 101-127 129-140 142-167 169-191 193-211 Companies Act 1956: Memorandum, Article of Association and 212-239 Prospectus Companies Act 1956: Share Capital Companies Act 1956: Meeting Companies Act 1956: Management of the Company Companies Act 2013 240-275 276-302 303-340 341-364 THE CYBER LAW 2000 & AMENDMENTS IN 2008 CASES 0 MODULE-1 INDIAN CONTRACT ACT 1872 Chapters 1. Nature and Kind of Contracts 2. Offer and Acceptance of an Offer 3. Capacity of Parties and Consideration 4. Void Agreement and Contingent Contract 5. Performance of Contract 6. Discharge of a Contract 7. Remedies for Breach of Contract and Quasi-contract 8. Agency 1 The Indian Contract Act 1872: Nature and Kind of Contracts Learning Objectives In this chapter, students will come to know What is an agreement and a contract? What are the essential...
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...Business and management terms dictionary 21-Gun Salute - Traditional honour given to royalty and heads of state, derived from the old signal of peaceful intent, when multiple firing practically removed capability for immediate threat due to re-loading time. 24-Carat/Karat - The purest form of gold (karat is US-English spelling, too soft for jewellery, hence gold jewellery is made of 22-carat, 18-carat, or 9-carat gold, etc., in which other metals such as copper are mixed. Carat is a measure of purity in which 24 parts equate (virtually) to 100% gold. 18-carat is therefore 75% gold. Less than 10-carat gold is generally not sold as gold. The carat measure of diamonds is different, for which carat is a measure of weight (1 carat = 200mg). 24-hour Society - Refers to a way of life available to many in the modern world in which people can work socialize, shop, bank, etc., 24 hours a day. The phenomenon has caused significant new thinking in business, management, marketing, etc., and continues to do so. ...
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...and Chapter Outlines For each chapter, a comprehensive outline is provided, as well as a variety of stimulating lecture enrichment materials. 5. Real-World Cases At least two real-world cases related to chapter material are included for each chapter. 6. Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions Answers to the end-of-chapter questions are provided, as well as suggested teaching tips when appropriate. 7. Answers to See It on the Web Exercises Following the end-of-chapter questions, answers to the See It on the Web Exercises can be found, along with tips for the instructor. Answers to Boxed Features In each chapter, students are presented with at least two supplemental “boxes,” both containing questions about the material discussed. Answers to these questions can be found following the answers to See It on the Web exercises. 8. 9. Pop Quiz A pop quiz consisting of 10 questions is placed at the end of each chapter. 10. Answers to Pop Quiz Answers to the pop quiz are posted at the end of each chapter. Course Planning Guide Course Syllabus A sample course syllabus appears below. The course syllabus should be expanded to...
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