...Name: Tutor: Course: College: Date: Animals in Biomedical Research From history, man depends on animals for survival, either as mode of transport or source of food. However, animals are used for many other purposes in the current world. Scientists are using animals for experimenting and testing drugs that prescribed to cure many diseases, for instance, HIV/AIDS. For many years, animals’ experiments have been used to discover new ailments and the drugs that could cure them. However, there are so many organizations that are trying to fight for animal rights by preventing animal experiments. Stopping the use of animals for scientific research can hinder progress in new findings and discoveries in the health sector. Animals have been used for scientific research because their body functions are almost similar to that of human beings. Human suffering should be drastically reduced as a first priority by ensuring that the humans don’t die because simple and treatable diseases. Animal suffering and death should come as a second priority after taking care of humans needs. Scientists should be able to use animals for research to prevent any possible deaths in human beings. Disease like tumors can be experimented and tested on animals and not on man to avoid suffering of human beings. Health of human beings has advanced due research carried out on animals. Major killers like diabetes heart attack and cancer have been treated well due to improved medicine. Some diseases mostly...
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...15-19 http://www.academicjournals.org/ijpc/abstracts. Abstract This study examined the impact of home type on involvement of in-school adolescents in premarital sex in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. This study adopted a survey research design. Three hundred and sixty-eight students from four secondary schools were randomly selected, 128 or 47.8% were males and 148 or 53% were females. Their ages range from 16-19years with the mean of 18.24years. Only 186 or 69% have had sexual intercourse and 94 of them had only one sex partner while 92 had more than one sex partner. Two research instruments were developed for this study-Attitude towards Pre marital Sex Scale (ATPSS) and Parent Involvement Questionnaire (PIQ). The findings revealed a significant effect of home type in prediction of adolescents’ involvement in premarital sex at r=.569, r2 =.347, f (1,218) = 56.47 and <.05 significant level. There was a significant difference significant difference in involvement in premarital sex between adolescents from single parent and intact homes at X2-observed=22.46, 1degree of freedom and p <0.05. It was concluded that parental involvement is paramount in adolescents’ premarital sexual behaviour. It was recommended that government, religious bodies and individuals should uphold the sacred institution of marriage for wellbeing of our children. Adejumo, G. O (2011) Family Structure and Social Support as Determinants of Family Homelessness in Lagos Metropolis Journal of Functional Management...
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...Research Studies The science in psychology introduces the thoughts that most have about how the human mind functions and questions that some have about behavioral issues. To receive more acceptances from society theories are tested through research. To do researches a research question are obtain to gather more information, depending on the research different scientific method shows different ways on obtaining results. Different types of data are obtained through research. Typical Research Articles Each section on a research paper serves a vital part to a research project. A typical research paper has seven main parts which includes abstract page, title page, an introduction, results and discussion, method, a references page and title. The title page illustrates the main topic of the research study, including the important variables. The abstract provide the reader with a quick review of the article’s content. The introduction serves as the body of the paper. It introduces the reader to the overall issue or problem that is being tested and to provide justification for the hypotheses or hypothesis. The method purpose is to provide a detailed description of how the study was conducted. Results purpose is to describe what was found after statistically analyzing the data. The discussion section reviews, interprets, and evaluate the results of the study. The reference page is to help you find related articles for any topic you need to research....
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...cite all sources in APA format, including using in-text citations and reference page citations in the spaces provided. The writing should be in Standard English and complete sentences. The sources noted in this worksheet should be related to your "big idea," which is the basis of your final project in this course. Save this document to your computer, and submit it through the Unit 4 dropbox, per the instructions in the classroom under Unit 4's Project Description. Part I: Pre-Interview Worksheet Directions: Complete each section of the Pre-Interview Worksheet below. Although students are not required to conduct an interview as research for the final project, the process of thinking about potential questions and responses related to the final project topic will help stimulate further ideas and questions related to conducting relevant and reliable research. Of course, you may also decide to interview the person discussed here or another appropriate subject and use the material in your upcoming projects as a primary source. Interviewer Name | Amber Lidster | Interviewee Name | Judge Jason Brinkley | Interview Method | In person | Interview Location | If interviewing in person, where will it be conducted?Valley View Court House304 West O'Buch Valley View, TX 76272 | Have you seen the location yet? YesNoNot applicable | Interviewee Research | Using complete sentences, describe the information you have found about the interviewee. Also, discuss why you have selected...
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...Drug Errors Introduction Administration of medicines is a key element of nursing care. Every day some 7000 doses of medication are administered in a typical NHS hospital (Audit commission 2002). Drug administration forms a major part of the clinical nurses role. Medicines are prescribed by the doctor and dispensed by the pharmacist but responsibility for correct administration rests with the registered nurse (O'Shea 1999). Each registered nurse is accountable for his/her practice. This practice includes preparing, checking and administering medications, updating knowledge of medications, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, reporting adverse drug reactions and teaching patients about the drugs that they receive (O'Shea 1999). The patient is expected to receive the correct medication at each drug round but several studies have shown that this is not always the case (Raju et al 1988, Ferner 1995). Medication errors do occur and are a persistent problem associated with nursing practice (O'Shea 1999). The aim of this paper is to answer the question: Why are nurses still continuing to make drug errors? In order to answer this question this paper shall examine the guidelines that nurses must adhere to when administering drugs, shall provide a definition of a drug errors, look at reasons why drug errors occur and approaches that are aimed at reducing drug errors on the ward. There are a number of pieces of legislation that relate to prescribing, supply, storage and administration...
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...Backhouse, and David Carless called, I don't know if I would report them”: Student-athletes' thoughts, feelings and anticipated behaviors on blowing the whistle on doping in sport, there is evidence that systematic doping encourages young athletes to “blow the whistle” on doping, yet these young athletes thoughts, feelings, and anticipated behaviors in reporting wrongdoing of this kind are unknown, hindering its promotion (Erickson, Backhouse & Carless, 2017). A qualitative method was used throughout this study to determine student athletes anticipated behaviors relative to blowing this whistle on performance enhancing drug use (Erickson, Backhouse & Carless, 2017). The results of this study concluded that many young athletes are reluctant to blow the whistle on doping which has the potential to protect both the doping athlete and whistleblower. This also reduces the presence of performance enhancing drugs in sport. The findings of this study serve to stimulate debate and discussion within anti-doping efforts regarding the possibility of confrontation being encouraged as an effective deterrent to sport doping (Erickson, Backhouse & Carless,...
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...HERBAL MEDICINE FOR ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of the Languages and Literature Department College of Liberal Arts De La Salle University-Dasmariñas Dasmariñas, Cavite in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course ENGL 102-Communication Arts and Skills II Hannah Khamille Bayalan Marie Pia Iscel Villa Dianne Lherry Landicho March 2008 Chapter I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Plants had been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history. For example, ancient Chinese and Egyptian papyrus writings describe medicinal plant uses. Indigenous cultures such as African and Native American used herbs in their healing rituals, while others developed traditional medical systems in which herbal therapies were used systematically. Scientists found that people in different parts of the globe tended to use the same or similar plants for the same purposes. In the early 19th century, when methods of chemical analysis first became available, scientists began extracting and modifying the active ingredients from plants. Later, chemists began making their own version of plant compounds, beginning the transition from raw herbs to synthetic pharmaceuticals. Over time, the use of herbal medicines declined in favor of pharmaceuticals. Long before the introduction of modern medicines and Western curative methods, herbal medicines had been widely used in the Philippines. The use of medicinal plants or herbs has...
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...college and corporate world. It is something that should be faced head on to avoid further temptations producing a path of lying and cheating. If the desires are brought to immediate attention, will the answers to the temptations be more acceptable if the final results reveal actions of immorality? Or will the identity of cheating cause the individuals, especially college students, to be viewed as an unethical human being living a life of immoral activity. Within this paper, one will discuss the existence of cheating and corporate adults and...
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...Summer Semester 2010 Nursing Interventions and Evaluation: Human Immunodeficiency Virus: (HIV) HIV infection remains a significant problem in Duval County, Florida. This disease significantly affects many communities and Duval County shares one of the highest HIV rates in America. One reason why Duval County faces higher rates of infection is because of the high minority population. Also, high levels of poverty and unemployment can make it difficult for a person to maintain health insurance to access their primary care provider and get the necessary treatment for HIV. Social stigma also plays a part in and negative attitudes of the community can prevent a person from seeking treatment or even testing for HIV. In this paper, three community health interventions that will address the main factors that contribute to HIV infection will be discussed. The best defense against HIV is educating the public about the disease. Regular testing for HIV is very important as well. The first intervention would to be involved in a local testing center and be able to test individuals as well as educate them on the disease. The majority of people at risk for HIV are located in the downtown area. There is a large homeless population and most lack insurance or funds to obtain a primary care physician. Many of the downtown testing sites are churches, shelters and other centers. These places are less intimidating to some individuals who may have a fear or dislike of going to...
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...(Barron, 2012). That ends up costing taxpayers between 9.0 – 13.5 billion dollars each year (Barron, 2012). That small percentage turns into a very large number of dollars spent annually on welfare recipients who should not be receiving these benefits (Barron, 2012). The welfare system in America today is once again in need of reform. Conditions such as mandatory drug testing, entry into an educational program, and strict time limits need to be placed on individuals who wish to receive welfare. In 2007 The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation reported that 20% of families receiving welfare claimed to have used illegal drugs at least once in the last year, while 5% said they had an ongoing drug habit (Vitter, 2011). Some who oppose the random drug testing requirement say that it does nothing more than single out the poor and underprivileged. Deputy legal director of the American Civil Liberties Union, Vanita Gupta claims “Mandatory drug testing of those receiving public benefits is just plain wrong. It demonizes and demoralizes those Americans most in need of help, and it perpetuates the dangerous, baseless notion that low-income people and communities are somehow less deserving of the constitutional protections and basic human dignity to which we are all entitled. We should not support ineffective, unconstitutional, and costly government...
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...Summary Holcomb (2007) divides her article “Putting INSOMNIA to rest” into four main sections. The first section provides information on insomnia. The second section describes some causes and risk factors that are associated with insomnia. The third section explains types of treatments for people with insomnia. The last section gives a questionnaire that can help evaluate if someone may have insomnia. In the first section, Holcomb (2007) states “80% of patients with insomnia never tell their healthcare provider” (p 29). This number is significant because it is estimated that around 50 to 70 million Americans are affected by insomnia. As Holcomb describes, insomnia can affect all age groups, but it is more common in females and increases with age, stress, and medical conditions. According to Holcomb, Insomnia is defined as having trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or wakening up refreshed. Insomnia can be either acute or chronic. Acute insomnia occurs in around 30% to 50% of adults and is described as insomnia lasting less than four weeks. Chronic insomnia occurs in around 10% to 30% of adults, lasts longer than four weeks, and is associated with daytime sleepiness. These number could be higher however, as Holcomb explains, because many people with insomnia do not tell anyone. In the second section of “Putting Insomnia to Rest,” Holcomb describes causes and risk factors of insomnia. Stress is one of the most common risk factors, which can also lead to anxiety and depression...
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...Marijuana Should Be Illegal Herlina Pryor BCOM/275 March 23, 2014 Instructor: Jamey Pippert Why Marijuana Should Remain Illegal Published: February 26, 1994 To the Editor: I read with concern "Legalizing Marijuana Would Allow Regulation of Its Potency" (letter, Feb. 13). According to the writer, marijuana with high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC (the chemical that causes the psychoactive effects on the abuser), is not a new phenomenon, and this high potency should not be used as a reason to keep marijuana illegal. Marijuana is not the same drug it was 20 years ago. Special fertilizers, plant hormones and steroids, carbon dioxide and advanced indoor horticulture techniques are used by the informed grower to "push" the plant to produce the highest grade, most potent variety of marijuana, sinsemilla. Because of its potency, domestic marijuana is the most highly prized cannabis product in the world. In 1970, the average THC content of a marijuana plant was 1.5 percent. The THC content of today's sinsemilla variety ranges from 8 percent to 20 percent. Today's marijuana is a drug that is significantly more potent than it was during the Woodstock era. The writer then states that "if the Government really believes that stronger varieties of marijuana are less desirable, then it has one more reason to support legalization. If cultivation of marijuana were legal, growers would not be pressed to produce the strongest possible product, and health authorities would...
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...COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE COFFEE PRODUCTS USED BY MSU CHS STUDENTS AND ITS EFFECT ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to: Prof. Ashley Ali- Bangcola, RN, MAN In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements In HS 199 1ST semester AY 2011-2012 Presented by: Norhanifah R. Mala-atao June 2011 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Background of the Study “A cup of coffee will do.” One might say this early morning before leaving for work or for school, in the afternoon when you are so busy doing all your stuff and you feel drained, or late evening when you need to be awake to study a pile of lectures, make your requirements, prepare for your report and the like. It is really a fact that nowadays people are hooked at drinking coffee for them to stay alive and more alert. For some, it has become a habit. Aside from that, it is also undeniable that coffee production is in greater amounts. Coffee shops are widely spread, and if you passed by a grocery mart or mini-store along the corner of your streets, you can buy an instant coffee product. It is readily available in market at an affordable cost. What is really in coffee that we seem to be addicted with? It is actually the caffeine. Caffeine is a drug that is naturally produced in the leaves and seeds of many plants. It's also produced artificially and added to certain foods (www.kids.org.caffeine.html). Caffeine is defined as a drug because it stimulates the central nervous system, causing...
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...debate regarding the legalization of soft drugs such as marijuana is capable of being characterized as one which pits the concept of freedom of the individual against the concept of a paternalistic State. Advocates of legalization argue that amongst other things, marijuana is not only less harmful than alcohol and tobacco, which are legal substances, but also as a matter of fact has been proven to possess certain medicinal property. The people who support the legalization are member of law enforcement and medical professionals, who really know how ineffective and unnecessary in stance prohibitionist. In contrast, those opposed to legalization argue that the legalization of marijuana will act as a precursor to increased addiction to harder drugs. This will necessarily lead to an increase in the crime rate and accident rate as well. In this article, I would like to explicate both sides of the debate and provide the evidences that support the idea of legalizing marijuana. Why marijuana should not be legalized? Critics claim that all drugs are addictive; they would rob the drug users of free will. Marijuana is considered a drug that associated with unfashionable lifestyles. It is often thought of as a drug for hippies and losers. Drug users can not have rational and informed decisions to continue using drugs because the use of the drug would eliminate their ability to think logically. The use of marijuana leads to the use of harder drugs like morphine and cocaine. This would ultimately...
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...Mackenzie Weiss ENC1101-Tuesday July 31, 2012 Research Paper ADHD Medications and their Abuse Today The medications used to treat Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are powerful, especially when abused, and have lasting impacts on the patients and the abusers. Treatment, in the form of prescription drugs is available to help these individuals, yet is harmful to others who either are misdiagnosed or abuse it. Additional laws and policies implemented by our elected officials will help ensure the prescribed medications reach the intended patients resulting in lower abuse. ADHD is described as the “most common neurological disorder” (“Facts”) and is a condition that affects many children and adults all over the world. The diagnosis and treatment for ADHD is on the rise in this country, and the signs and symptoms are important for people to notice. ADHD first appears in children who may show a combination of disruptive problems including impulsive behavior, low self-esteem, hyperactivity, and poor performance in school/work. Children, treated for this disorder, are more likely to carry it until adolescence, but for some, ADHD may become a life-long adjustment into adulthood. Specifically for males, hyperactivity is a huge signal that they need to be tested for attention deficit. For females, the signs are the opposite, leading to many underdiagnosed women. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “boys were more likely than girls to have ever...
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