...System Performance: Unit 8 Edward Greene NT 1110 When addressing system performance, a key element that is often overlooked is Disk Fragmentation. Even on a brand new system with plenty of RAM and processing speed, the performance of the hard disk may be a bottleneck causing issues. It takes time to load large data files into memory - issues become particularly noticeable when dealing with movies, video clips, database files or image files which may easily be several gigabytes in size. On a freshly formatted disk, these files load fairly quickly. Over time, however you may start to notice performance issues - caused by disk fragmentation. The different processes running in the back ground, (i.e. Windows Explorer, Power Manager) all take an allotted amount of RAM to perform at optimum levels. More free RAM means that the essential processes that are running have more priority of the space and the CPU. When you begin to run your RAM to its limits, The essential processes and even the non-essential processes begin to lag due to the overtaxing of the CPU and RAM. Your OS will use the hard drive as a “back-up” or virtual memory if your PC runs out of RAM while you are working away. Using your hard drive as memory causes a serious performance hit, as hard drives are way, way slower than RAM. So, the trick is having enough memory, adding more does not help if you are doing nothing that needs more memory. Today, with a modern PC and a modern OS, you need about 4 gig to achieve...
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...Appendices: We have taken into consideration the data provided to us in Table 2 (Employment in Hong Kong between 1984 and 1993), Table 4a (Average rentals of grade A office space in Hong Kong), Table 4b (Rentals for prime office space in other cities, Table 6 (Office Portfolio of Hong Kong Land Holdings Ltd., Table 7a (Private offices for all grades – supply and forecast supply by district and Table 7a (Grade A Office in Central – supply and forecast supply). Disclaimer: We have forecasted the demand and price based on the information available to us and have not taken into consideration additional data that maybe available to the general public. Appendix A: Forecast of Demand for Grade A office space in Hong Kong Central for Hutchison Whampoa Ltd The Vacancy rate of Grade A offices in HK Central in 1992 is 86,000 Square meter i.e. 7.3% and we used this data in combination with the incremental supply data available to calculate the total Supply space. ð Total Supply for Grade A offices in HK Central for 1992 = 86,000 Sq. Meters / 7.3% = 1,178,082 Square meters. ð Total Demand for Grade A offices in HK Central = 1,178,082 Square meters x 92% = 1,092,082 Square meters. 92% is derived from subtracting the 7.3% from 100%. The table below contains the calculated values for Total Supply and Demand based on the approach described above: Year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993F 1994F 1995F 1996F 1997F 1998F 1999F Vacancy in Square Meters (2nd paragraph in page 14) ...
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...Lab 1: Introduction Metric System Prefixes (to put in front of basic units): k = kilo = 1000 x c = centi = 1/100 of (which is 10-2 of) m = milli = 1/1000 of (which is 10-3 of) ( = micro = 1/1,000,000 of (which is 10-6 of) n = nano = 1/1,000,000,000 of (which is 10-9 of) (d = deci = 1/10 of ) [pic] (Note: The way to read the numbers above, for example, is: There are 1000 nm in one (m. There are 1000 (m in one mm.. etc.) To convert from one metric unit to a different metric unit (a different prefix): 1. First, decide how many places to move the decimal point (the number of 0’s in the chart above indicates the number of places to move the decimal point). 2. Next you need to decide whether to move the decimal point left or right. To decide this, think about which is the smaller unit. (The smaller the unit is, the more of them you need to get the same amount. e.g. pennies vs. dollars) NOTE: Here is another way to write the conversions, using distance (the meter is the basic unit for distance) as an example: 0.001 km = 1 m = 10 dm = 100 cm = 1000 mm = 1,000,000 (m = 1,000,000,000 nm The “staircase” method: One more way to remember about sliding decimal points when converting between prefixes in the metric system! [pic] Move the decimal point 3 places for every step you move on the “staircase”, and in the same direction traveled on the staircase (left vs. right). Unfortunately, you can see that the “c” prefix...
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...3/31/16 Brian Rodriguez NS1110 Professor David Durniok Assignment 2 Transfer Time 1. Fill in the Transfer Time column in Table 1. State all times in appropriate units (seconds, minutes, or hours). Show all your calculations and number conversions. File Size | Transfer Rate | Transfer Time | 100 MB | 56 Kbps | 5 hrs | 100 MB | 4 Mbps | 3.3 minutes | 2 GB | 56 Kbps | 83.22 hours | 2 GB | 4 Mbps | 1 hr, 8 mins, 16 seconds | * Take the 56kbps = 56,000 BITS per second, divide by 10 and you get 5,600 bytes. 100,000,000 / 5,600 = 17,857 seconds = 297.6 minutes = 4.96 hrs (almost 5 hrs) if there is no interruption in the transmittal. * 4Mbps (megabits) equals to approximately 500KB/s (kilobytes). 100MB (Mega Bytes) equals approximately 100000 KB So assuming you can have a perfect transfer rate of 500KB/sec (assuming there is no TCP/IP overhead) you divide 100000KB by your 500KB/Sec transfer rate: 100000 /5000 = 200 seconds 200 seconds divided by 60 = 3.3 minutes. * 2GB * 1024MB/GB = 2048MB 2048MB * 1024KB/MB = 2097152 KB 2097152KB * 8Kb/KB = 16777216 Kb 16777216Kb / 56Kb/s = 299593s 299593s / 3600s/h = 83.22h so, at the theoretical rate of 56Kb/s, it would take 83.22 hours do download a 2GB file. At a more realistic average download rate of 4Kb/s, it would take 322.88 hours or just under two weeks to download. * 4 Mbps = 0.5 MB/s The transfer rate is 0.5 MB/s 2048 / 0.5 = 4096 seconds Time taken = 1 hour...
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...Module 2: Keywords Law of conservation of mass: A law which states that "mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions". This essentially means that the same number of atoms of each type occurring on the reactant side must also appear on the product side. Integer: A whole number (i.e., a number that contains no decimal or fractions). Uncertainty: A characteristic of every measurement, indicating the error in a reported value. This is generally specified using significant figures. Significant figures: A method for reporting the results of a measurement that includes all known or certain digits and a final digit that is considered uncertain. SI Units: The International System of units that is based on the metric system and uses SI derived units for length, mass, time, etc. and prefixes to indicate magnitude (i.e., powers of 10). Density: The physical property of a substance that corresponds to the ratio of its mass to volume. This property does not depend on the amount of substance. Dimensional Analysis: A method for solving numerical problems that uses 'conversion factors' to cancel out unwanted units and results in an answer with the desired units (i.e., dimensions). 5. If the density of a substance is 4.14 g/cm3, what is the mass in milligrams of a piece of this substance with a volume of 15.46 mL? 6.40 x 104 mg Object A covered a certain distance in 1.8 x 10-9 s whereas to cover the same distance, object B took 3.6 ns. Which of the...
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...ECO Assignment – Melon Enterprise Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwaid.com/shop/eco-assignment-melon-enterprise/ Melon Enterprise is a commercial real estate developer. You recently joined Melon and your position reports directly to Pat Smith, the CEO. When you meet Pat for the first time, she asks you to work on a project that has to be completed in about a week. Pat tells you that Melon is thinking about leasing a parcel of land to build a shopping center. Melon would own and operate the shopping center and generate revenue by renting space to retailers. Pat would like you to do some work on the project. Specifically, she would like you to complete the following tasks: 1. Determine the optimal size of the shopping center (to the nearest 100 square meters) based on existing estimates of the demand for retail space. 2. Determine the most Melon should be willing to pay to lease the land for the expected life of the project. 3. Calculate the profit under each possible demand curve with the optimum size of the shopping center. 4. Determine if it is worth hiring a local consultant, Roland Thomas, to do some additional market research that would provide a better estimate of the demand for retail space. 5. Write a short report summarizing the results of your analysis and any recommendations. Pat also informs you that Bob Devine, a former Melon employee, did some preliminary work on the project, but left the organization before wrapping things up. Pat says...
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...THIS BEING THE REPORT ON THE 6 MONTH INDUSTRIAL TRAINING BY MR AMOSU OPEPO OLUFEMI OF MATRICULATION NUMBER 03054341 500 LEVEL ELECT/ELECT ENGINEERING AKNOWLODGEMENT First and foremost, I give thanks to god almighty that has preserved me up till this moment and enabled me to partake of the programme and also enabled me to put this report together. Next I will like to mention the relentless effort of my dad who is never tired of me and single handedly bore my burden from childhood until now. He also never fails to give me all the support needed: morally, financially and all. Also I will like to express my deepest appreciation to my entire lecturer who has in one way or the other affected my life Especially engr. Olajide, engr. olokede and the rest, I am very grateful \INTRODUCTION The six month of industrial training is called the siwes program known as student industrial working experience scheme. The scheme is intended to familiarize the engineering undergraduate students with working experience of the real engineering life. As an engineering student, one is expected to undergo three schemes at different times which is intended to give him or her a detailed understanding of the engineering field...
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...Transfer Time 1 Transfer Time and File Size Transfer Time 2 Abstract Calculating Transfer Rate, Transfer Time and File size can be pretty difficult unless one has a basic knowledge of binary numbers and the different types of storage capacities that are out there. In order to figure out how fast a download will take there is some math that needs to be figured out and in this paper I will mention the way to conquer this task. Transfer Time 3 Transfer Time and File Size The very first step to understanding transfer time and file size is to first know that 1 byte is equal to 8 bits as well as what each component is exactly. A bit is defined as:” a single basic unit of information, used in connection with computers and electronic communication”. (Quote, n.d.) A byte is “pronounced ‘bite’, is the next size up basic unit of measurement for information storage, usually consisting of 8 bits”. (Quote, n.d.) The next set of terms that are used is: Kilo (kilobytes) equal to 1,000 bits stated in decimal form or 1,024 bytes stated in binary form. Then we have Mega (megabytes) equal to 1,000,000 decimal bits or 1,048,576 binary bits. Next is one of the bigger bytes and that is Giga (gigabytes) which is equal to 1,000,000,000 decimal bits or 1,073,741,824 binary bits. After figuring out the numbers to these complex bits of information, the next step is to understand the speed of transferring data. This is simply downloading information...
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...Unit 2: International Measures and Conversions Objective: At the end of this chapter, the reader should be able to: * Define measurement systems * Define metric system * Convert values from metric to metric system * Convert values from metric to American system and vice – versa. * Convert temperature values. 2.1. Introduction: International Standards for measures and conversions were felt as a need, as the international trade between the nations started to increase. With the increase of the trade, the disputes between the buying and selling nations started increasing, as these nations employed different standards of measures. The interpretations of the business contracts varied from nation to nation and this factor started hurting the international trade. Hence to counter the fact that the weights and measures are different in different countries, a set of internationally accepted standards for measures and conversions were needed. The international standards should be enough to give single guidelines for the measures and conversions as well as reduce any points of conflicts. To reduce the points of conflicts the international trading community moved on to the metric system of measures and conversions. In the modern times the measurement and conversions have also been in use. 2.2. Measurement Systems: We can define “Measurement” as a set of integers assigned to a characteristic of an object or an event, which should create a system that...
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...RULE XVI - PLASTICS SECTION 1601. Approved Plastics Approved plastic materials shall be those which have a flame-spread rating of two hundred twenty five (225) or less and a smoke density not greater than that obtained from the burning of untreated wood under similar conditions when tested in accordance with generally accepted engineering practices. The products of combustion shall be no more toxic than the burning of untreated wood under similar conditions. SECTION 1602. Installation 1. Structural Requirements - All plastic materials shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the prescribed design loads. Sufficient and substantial technical data shall be submitted to establish stresses, maximum unsupported spans, and such other information as may be deemed necessary for the various thicknesses and forms used. 2. Fastenings - Fastenings shall be adequate to withstand design loads and internal and external stresses required of the assembly. Proper allowances of plastic materials in conjunction with other materials with which it is assembled or integrated shall be provided. SECTION 1603. Glazing of Openings 1. The location of doors, sashes and framed openings glazed or equipped with approved plastics at the exterior walls of a building shall be so arranged that in case of fire, the occupants may use such openings to escape from the building to a place of safety. The travel distance from any point of the building...
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...NOT MEASUREMENT SENSITIVE MIL-STD-961D 22 MARCH 1995 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-961C 20 MAY 1988 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE STANDARD PRACTICE FOR DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS AMSC D7117 AREA SDMP DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. MIL-STD-961D FOREWORD 1. This standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense (DoD). 2. DoD 4120.3-M, “Defense Standardization Program Policies and Procedures,” discusses the different types of specifications used by the DoD. This standard establishes practices for developing performance and detail specifications prepared by or for the DoD. This standard covers the requirements for "standard" performance and detail specifications, meaning specifications that are used on multiple programs or applications. 3. It is DoD policy to give first preference to developing and using performance specifications. If it is not practical or effective to use a performance specification, a non-Government standard should be used. If it is not practical or effective to develop and use a performance specification or non-Government standard, a detail specification may be developed and used, but only as a last resort. 4. There are two primary objectives for the changes to this standard. First, for the DoD to meet its military needs in the current economic and political environment, it must increase access to an expanded industrial base that can meet defense needs at lower costs with state-of-the-art...
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...University of Phoenix Associates Program Material (revised by Albert Mink) Final Project Application-Level Requirements List Complete the following list of application-level requirements for the Metric Conversion program. The first requirement has already been entered for you. 1. The Metric Conversion Program will display a Main Menu to the user listing the available metric-to-U.S. measurement conversions available, along with an option to quit the program. 2. The Metric Conversion Program will confirm user entry is valid (1 to 5) or closes if entry is 6. 3. If entry 1 to 5 is entered the Metric Conversion Program will prompt for entry of metric measurement. 4. The Metric Conversion Program will verify the metric measurement is valid (0.0 to 10000.0) or prompt for valid entry. 5. The Metric Conversion Program will convert the entered metric measurement to corresponding amount using conversion formula. 6. The Metric Conversion Program displays converted amount. Input-Process-Output Chart Complete the following Input-Process-Output chart for the Metric Conversion program. The first process has already been entered for you. |Input |Process |Output | | |Display Main Menu |Main Menu | |Measurement Section ...
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...Week 1 Homework Chapter 0 1-Convert the following decimal numbers to binary: 12 = 00001100 123 = 01111011 63 = 00111111 128 = 10000000 1000 = 00000011 11101000 4-Convert the following hex numbers to binary and decimal: 2B9H = 001010111001, 697 F44H = 00001111 01000100, 3908 912H = 00001001 00010010, 2322 2BH = 00101011, 43 FFFFH = 11111111 11111111, 65535 6-Find the 2’s compliment of the following binary numbers: 1001010 = 110110 111001 = 111 10000010 = 1111110 111110001 = 1111 7-Add the following hex values: 2CH + 3FH = 6BH F34H + 5D6H = 150AH 20000H + 12FFH = 212FFH FFFFH + 2222H = 12221H 21-Answer the following: How many nibbles are 16 bits? 4 How many bytes are 32 bits? 4 If a word is defined in 16 bits, how many words is a 64-bit data item? 4 What is the exact value (in decimal) of 1 meg? 1,000,000 How many kilobytes is 1 meg? 1,000 What is the exact value (in decimal) of 1 gigabyte? 1,000,000,000 How many kilobytes is 1 gigabyte? 1,048,576 How many megs is 1 gigabyte? 1,024 If a given computer has a total of 8 megabytes of memory, how many bytes (in decimal) is this? 8388608 How many kilobytes is this? 8,192 Chapter 1 1-True or false. A general purpose microprocessor has on-chip ROM? False 2-True or false. A microprocessor has on-chip ROM? True 3-True or false. A microprocessor has on-chip I/O ports? True 4-True or false. A microprocessor has a fixed amount of RAM on the chip? True Chapter 2 1-In the 8051, looping action with...
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...Eddie Bond nt1210 Lab Review 1.1 1. 127 in binary is 01111111. I came up with tis answer by dividing by two till i couldnt anymore. 2.Both numbers represent the powers of 10. 3.16,32,64,128 4.It would be difficult becuase you would have to put multiple equations to find te rigt answer. Lab Review 1.3 1. It is important to know how many system words will fit in a primary device so you will know how big your storage device is. 2.Multiple bytes has more ones and zero as bytes with holds more information a single byte only has a series of 8 bit which has less data then a series of multiple sets of 8bit. 3. When converting a big number you cant just line up the digits, you need to make the number into bytes so that each one can easily convert into a unit of dex. Lab Review 1.4 1. My name in hexadecimal is 069 100 100 105 101 032 066 111 110 100. I would need 32bytes of storage. Lab Review 1.5 1. It is necessary to plan a file structure carefully because you want to have organization on the operating system . If it is too loosely organized or too detailed then it will be a chaotic environment and will be difficult to find anything. A nice organized file hierarchy would be easy to find things. Lab Review 1.6 1. To know what the system can handle and to know which operating system to use. 2. You must use the task manager, killing a program that is running your machine will cause your computer's operating sytem to stop working until the computer...
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...Case Study: WINDCATCHER LTD John Jeffries recently left the army after more than 20 years in the service. He had decided that at 45 years of age it was time to start a second career. Throughout most of his life John had a passion for sailing and had competed successfully in many offshore yacht races. He felt that because of his expertise and interest in sailing and the fact that over the years he had cultivated many friends and contacts in the sailing world, he would be wise to invest his money and energies in this area of business. After many months of searching for a suitable business, last October John and his wife agreed to purchase all of the shares of Windcatcher Ltd for £500,000 at the 31 December. The business was involved in the manufacture of sails on an individual ‘made to measure’ basis for boats ranging in size from one-man dinghies to ocean-going yachts. Most of the customers were private individuals, though about 10% of orders each year were placed by small boat-builders. Windcatcher also undertook some repair work to damaged sails. The business was established in 1970 by Arthur Davies and was managed by him until his sudden death in August. Over that period he had shown a strong interest in the technical side of the business and Windcatcher enjoyed a good reputation for the quality of the products. However, he had had little interest in financial matters and maintained only rudimentary management accounting records. Demand for Windcatcher’s work...
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