...is often diagnosed (Fortinash & Holoday Worret, 2012). Anti-anxiety medications are then prescribed to help the treat anxiety disorder. The most common anti-anxiety medications are benzodiazepines. They work by increasing the effect gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), a chemical found in the brain, has on controlling the way the neurons in the brain react to each other, decreasing the activity, which then helps to decrease the feeling of anxiety (Manning & Rayfield, 2011). Clonazepam (Klonopin) is classified as a benzodiazepine, as well as an anticonvulsant. It works directly on GABA to suppress neurotransmitter activity. Some common side effects that occur when taking this medication are drowsiness, sedation, ataxia (the lack of coordination of the muscles), dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation. If a patient were on this medication the nurse caring for them would want to monitor for signs of suicidal thoughts or ideas in depressed individuals. Patients on long-term therapy may experience physical and psychological dependence. Some signs and symptoms of overdose include confusion, irritability, muscle and abdominal cramps, and diminished reflexes (Shannon, Sheilds, & Wilson, 2012). Lorazepam (Ativan) is a drug that is considered the “most potent” of the benzodiazepines that also works directly on GABA’s efficiency as an inhibitory neurotransmitter (Manning & Rayfield, 2011). Some common side effects are drowsiness, sedation, disorientation, confusion, and possible blurred...
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... |Sorrow, Chronic related to | |Obtain complete medical history including allergies, neurological , |depressive state. | |cardiac, renal, biliary, and mental disorders including blood |Thought Processes, Disturbed related to | |studies: CBC, platelets and liver enzymes,. |effects of drug therapy | |Obtain patient’s drug history to determine possible drug interactions|Adjustment, Impaired related to inadequate | |and allergies |drug effectiveness. | |Obtain 24 hour dietary history to identify |Knowledge, Deficient, related to drug | |tyramine containing foods ingested |action and side effects. | |recently |Suicide, Risk for related to inadequate drug | |Assess neurological status, including identification of recent mood |effectiveness. | |and behavioral patterns |Hopelessness related to emotional state...
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...old Hispanic American female voluntarily admitted herself to Aurora Behavioral Health Care (ABHC) due worsening depression and suicidal ideation. Pt stated that she had been feeling depressed for the last six months but felt as if her depression was worse now than ever. Upon admission pt was thinking seriously of acting on her thoughts of suicide by overdoing on sleeping pills or by cutting herself. For the past few months the patient had been seeing a therapist and psychiatrist but feels like they cannot fix her depression. Major stressors upon admission include lack of support from family and friends, and doing poorly in school. For the past six months A.G. had been taking 100 mg of Zoloft and 2.5 mg of Abilify for depression. A.G.’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) was Axis I: Major Depression, single episode, and severe, Axis II: deferred, Axis III: No diagnosis, Axis IV: Moderate, And Axis V: 30/60. Summary of Mental Status Exam During the time of assessment A.G. appearance was neat and her attitude was cooperative but she seemed depressed during the initial assessment. The patient’s speech was normal and she had a calm demeanor. She reported feelings of being anxious ever since she was admitted to Aurora because she felt as if her depression was “not getting any better”, and that she was afraid that her medications were not working. She reported having a panic attack one month ago due to stress from school. When experiencing the panic attack...
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...susceptible to suicide. The suicide rates for adolescents and older adults have also started to decline within past few years. 5. In the U.S., what demographic has the highest rate of suicide? In the U.S. the highest rate of suicide is in the western part of the United States to where the white older men would be committing suicide. Also the demographic area in the U.S. has an increased portion of 85 and older for age. 6. List four possible reasons for the observed decrease in suicide rates. Four possible reasons are an increase in healthy life style and expectancy, a decline in substance abuse, better support family and medical, and improved economy. 7. Recent media reports have suggested that medications may provoke suicidal behavior, particularly in adolescents. As a precautionary step, the FDA issued a public health advisory warning doctors to watch patients closely for...
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...the USA since 1990. If no effective action is taken, many more innocent children and teachers will die in the next few years. What has occurred in the last few decades that has increased school violence and has made school shootings more common? Examination of prior school shootings reveals that most of the offenders did not exhibit violent behaviors during their formative years, and many were excellent students. Their problems developed after treatment with antidepressants or other powerful medications These drug medications have helped millions of persons, but psychiatrists have known for years that a rare side effect involves development of suicidal ideation and in some cases homicidal tendencies. For example, SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) antidepressants obtained from pharmacies contain an insert that warns of “possible development of suicidal ideation”. There is considerable published literature that indicates young males are especially at risk for this side effect. Mainstream psychiatry’s “treatment of choice” for depression is use of SSRI antidepressants aimed at increasing activity of a neurotransmitter called serotonin in the brain, perhaps coupled with counseling. However, my biochemical studies of 3,600 depression patients show that 18% have elevated serotonin activity and are intolerant to SSRI antidepressants. In most cases these persons stop compliance after discovering that the drug makes their condition worse. In many unfortunate cases, however...
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...susceptible to suicide. The suicide rates for adolescents and older adults have also started to decline within past few years. 5. In the U.S., what demographic has the highest rate of suicide? In the U.S. the highest rate of suicide is in the western part of the United States to where the white older men would be committing suicide. Also the demographic area in the U.S. has an increased portion of 85 and older for age. 6. List four possible reasons for the observed decrease in suicide rates. Four possible reasons are an increase in healthy life style and expectancy, a decline in substance abuse, better support family and medical, and improved economy. 7. Recent media reports have suggested that medications may provoke suicidal behavior, particularly in adolescents. As a precautionary step, the FDA issued a public health advisory warning doctors to watch patients closely for...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder Mental Health Treatment Although psychiatric hospitalization may often be used to address the suicidal and other safety crises of individuals with BPD, it is unclear how beneficial that intervention is. In contrast, partial hospitalization has shown some promise as an intervention for individuals with BPD who are not in imminent danger of mortally harming themselves or others. Partial hospitalization involves the sufferer receiving intensive mental health treatment for several hours per day then returning home each afternoon or evening. Therapeutic communities are living arrangements that provide a safe, nurturing, and structured environment for individuals with BPD that they may not have received as a child. Those communities can play an important role in the care for these individuals. Most practitioners will use some form of psychotherapy to treat BPD. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) addresses problems that individuals with borderline personality disorder often have relating to others and managing their behaviors and feelings. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy involves the mental health professional helping the person with BPD explore deep feelings and the ways they manage those feelings (defenses) in ways that are not constructive. Interpersonal psychotherapy focuses on helping people with BPD relate to others in healthier, more appropriate ways. Psychotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for BPD. Many practitioners use techniques to help...
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...The Harmful Effects of ADHD Medication in Children Mellanie Cadwell Abstract The medications and treatments for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were researched to expose the risks of pharmaceuticals and their side effects on young children. The medical risks of medications commonly used to treat children with ADHD were examined using published research and findings from pediatricians, physicians, scientists, and other health care professionals, as well as alternative treatments for the disorder. The research showed that the ADHD pharmaceutical treatment plans have serious short and long term side effects on young children, with no evidence of long term efficacy. Whereas, alternative treatment plans pose no harmful physical side effects and are still effective. The Harmful Effects of ADHD Medication in Children Abigail first started exhibiting signs of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in preschool. Her preschool teachers complained to her parents that during story time she disturbed the other children with her fidgeting. Her parents took her to a developmental pediatrician who, after many tests, diagnosed her with ADHD. The pediatrician prescribed different medications that made her seriously ill and drastically altered her personality. After trying several different medications, her parents decided to abstain...
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...Suicidal Behaviors Jennifer Pavlick Rasmussen College Author Note This assignment is being submitted on June 13, 2016, for Professor Kehiante McKinley’s G148/PSY1012 Section 02 General Psychology course. Research and psychological studies show that suicidal behavior stems from at least one or more mental disorders that are treatable. Individuals with suicidal behaviors often feel hopeless which contributes to these behaviors and can lead to suicide attempts or succession. Recognizing these behaviors can save someone’s life, being compassionate, empathetic, and proactive can greatly reduce an individual’s suicide behavior. The goal is to recognize these behaviors and get help for these individuals quickly. “In the past three decades, there has been a dramatic increase in rates of suicidal behavior, including suicidal thoughts, attempts, and death.” (Beautrais, 2003, para. 2). This increase in these behaviors is frightening. Knowing the contributing factors to suicidal behaviors is the first step in understanding the type of help that is needed for individuals. According to DeMaso there are definite risk factors and causes that contribute to these behaviors. The risk factors include family history of suicidal attempt or succession, substance abuse, self-harming, and access to guns. Family history of mental illness and suicide succession heightens other family members to watch for signs of depression or suicidal behavior, in such cases keeping guns and medications...
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...Procaz/Fluoxetine Brian Wai PC6250/Psychopharmacology Argosy University Spring 2014 Prozac is also known as Fluoxetine Hydrochloride, the most media exposure of any psychiatric medication in the history, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressant that affects chemical in the brain to reduce depression, panic, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The effect of Prozac is to block the absorption of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. It regulates the amount of serotonin to help brain cells transmit messages to each other, resulting in a better and more stable mood. Back to 1970s, Fluoxetine was developed by Bryan Molly, David Wong and Roy Fuller of the Eli Lilly corporation in 1973. It was the first product in a major new drugs for depression and introduced to the American market in 1988. They roughly took about two years to gain reputation and most prescribed status around the nation. Fluoxetine was not discovered accidentally but was designed specifically to block the reuptake of serotonin back into the pre-synaptic neuron. The patients whose taking Fluoxetine indicated the improvement of decisiveness, increase self-esteem and quickness of thoughts. They did not have a loss of mood or motivation. (Kruger, 1995) In fact, it enabled them to see their problems in a more objective manner and actively seek solutions. It was mainly to cue depressions but the reports also indicated Fluxoetine could...
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...also appear on home improvement channels such as Home and Garden (HGTV) and the Food Network. The commercials depict active, attractive women and men that appear to be in their mid-forties and fifties participating in enjoyable life activities. The emphasis of the message in the advertisement for major depression disorder is depression is treatable and manageable by the use of Cymbalta. Cymbalta commercials also advertise the treatment of Fibromyalgia pain. The television commercial briefly describes the major side effects of Cymbalta such as nausea, dry mouth and constipation. The commercial also states that Cymbalta should not be taken by patients that take monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and in patients with uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma. Even with air time being limited, I believe the television advertisement to be truthful however, the focus of the advertisement is on the benefits of the medication and they do not give adequate time to disclose side effects, adverse reactions or contraindications. Duloxetine (Cymbalta, Ariclaim, Xeristar, Yentreve, Duzela,Dulane) is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly. It is prescribed for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Duloxetine has also been approved for treatment in osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal pain (Drugs.com, 2013). Duloxetine failed US approval for stress urinary...
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...is an essential measure that must be taken because while medication may alleviate symptoms of depression, therapy can help someone cope with feelings, problem solve, and change behavior patterns. The reason why therapy alone is not an efficient form of treatment is that depression is something that is caused by a biological problem. Rashmi Nemade, Ph.D., Natalie Staats Reiss, Ph.D., and Mark Dombeck, Ph.D. explain that depression is associated with problems or imbalances in the brain with regard to the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This being said therapy cannot change the amount of neurotransmitters someone’s brain produces; only medication has been proven to aid in the production of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Although psychotherapy displays...
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...Have patient in Semi-Fowler’s or High-Fowlers position, especially during meals and drinking * Turn patient every 2 hours * Assess patient’respiratory status and vital signs every 4 hours * Provide adequate fluid intake * Administer prescribed meds (including oxygen) and monitor effects Diabetes: * Definition- (Mellitus) a group of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by inappropriate hyperglycemia * Signs & Symptoms- severe dehydration, hypovolemic shock (hypotension, weak and rapid pulse), severe hyperglycemia, shallow respirations, altered mental health status, abd pain * Assessment/Interventions- * Assess patient’s blood glucose before meals and before sleeping at night * Assess patient’s vital signs (especially BP) every 4 hours * Assess patient’s feet everyday * Provide patient teaching and education on the importance of good foot hygiene and wearing well-fitting shoes (avoid walking barefoot) * Provide patient with a list of foods to stay away from and have patient recite back * Provide patient teaching and education on maintaining proper blood glucose levels by prescribed medication, diet, and exercise Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): * Definition- inability of the heart to pump enough...
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...LAMICTAL ( LAMOTRIGINE ) Lamictal (lamotrigine) is an anti-epileptic medication; also called an anticonvulsant. Lamictal is used either alone or in combination with other medication to treat epileptic seizures in adults and children. Lamictal is also used to delay mood episodes in adults with bipolar disorder (manic -depression).lamictal may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Lamotrigine side effect: * Mood or behavior changes, depression, anxiety, or if you feel agitated, hostile, restless, and hyperactive (mentally and physically), or have thought about suicide or hurting yourself. * Lamictal may cause severe or life-threatening with skin rash, especially in children and in people who take too high of a dose...
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...prescription of medication these children were receiving. Although many parents, doctors and teacher would say yes to medicating their children, I believe there are far too many risks for children with ADHD, ADD or BIPOLAR to be medicated and to medicate is merely a matter of a doctor option. Parent’s first option was medication and as one parent stated “not one of the doctors suggested an alternative to the medications.” (Frontline, 2001) ADHD, ADD or BIPOLAR medication have damaging mental and physical side effects include: psychosis, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, aggressive behavior, depression and social withdrawal. The physical side effects of these medications are tics, nausea, weight loss or gain and possible liver damage. Dr. Biederman along with his colleagues published their findings, there has been a 4,000 percent increased in the number of children being diagnosed with bipolar. One of the four children in the documentary the father of DJ Koontz stated “the family does not know long term effects.” DJ’s child psychiatrist Dr. Patrick Bacon believes he’s bipolar, but there’s no definitive test for any psychiatric illness. The parents were interview in the film, they explain their difficult situation. They are not enthusiastic about the medication, but they don’t see any alternative because of DJ’s rages last have a day, and his self-harming behavior. As child psychiatrist Dr. Patrick Bacon states in the film. “It’s really to some extent an experiment, trying medications in these...
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