...Born on December 3, 1895, Anna Freud was the youngest daughter of Sigmund and Martha Freud’s six children. As a young girl, Anna was always fighting for Martha's attention. Constantly in the shadows of older sister Sophie’s beauty, Anna learned to loath Sophie and Martha and took to her father. Anna was continuously reading the works of Sigmund and became instantly interested in psychoanalysis. As Anna grew, she began to work with Sigmund exploring the idea of psychoanalysis and together they turned it into one of the most widely used methods of psychology. The mutual interest in psychoanalysis brought father and daughter together and formed a close bond between them. Sigmund stated in his book “The Interpretation of Dreams” that, “Annerl had a masculine appetite and aggression, and is beautiful with naughtiness” (Hernandaz, 2008). When Anna was around seventeen years old, she took a two year vacation in which she stayed in Vienna with her grandmother. At the time, Anna was suffering from an illness that was then called, “it”, but can be safely labeled as depression (Hernandaz, 2008). While on vacation, Sigmund wrote to his daughter often and offered advice on how to overcome the “it” she was suffering from. Half way through the vacation however, Anna received a letter from Sigmund stating she was not invited to her sister Sophie’s wedding and subsequently, Anna was once again overtaken with depression. After her two year stay in Vienna, Anna, "...worked as an elementary school...
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...Running Head: ANNA FREUD Anna Freud Anna Freud Selecting a woman that made significant contributions to the field of psychology between the years 1850 and 1950 is not an easy task as there is more than one woman who made significant contributions to the field of Psychology. Out of those talented women Anna Freud, overshadows her colleagues. Anna can be considered to have a fascinating background, which influenced her later development of unique theoretical perspectives. Her father, Sigmund Freud famous for his multiple theories about the mind he is regarded as the founder of psychology probably influenced her following his footsteps and being interested in psychoanalysis, in particular, in child psychoanalysis. However, her recognition as the founder of child psychoanalysis was not just given to her for being her father's daughter. Anna Freud earned it by contributing to the field of Psychology with the many roles she played in her career as teacher, theorist, healer, leader, idealist and writer (Coles, 1992). Anna's contributions to psychology not only help to contribute to the development of psychology but helped improve many lives. Anna Freud was born in Vienna December 3, 1895 her parents Sigmund and Martha Freud. Her father considered her a blessing; conversely, she did not develop a close relationship with her mother it appears that she considered her nanny a genuine figure in her childhood. Anna considered she was boring and did not get along with her siblings;...
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...Women in Psychology When one thinks about the field of psychology and those great names that made such great contributions to the field like; Freud and Skinner to name a few come to mind, one thinks of those men who made a important finding about psychology, nonetheless those names hold great meaning to the field, but along the way there have been several influential women who have also made such great contributions to the field, may who have been theorist, pioneers and counselors. Among some of these women there is a name that stands out the most, her name is Anna Freud. This paper will discuss Anna Freud’s background, her theoretical perspective and the contributions she was able to provide to the field of psychology. Anna Freud was born on Vienna, Austria on December 3, 1895, the youngest of six children of Sigmund Freud and Martha Freud. Anna Freud had a special bond with her father, more than with her mother or any siblings; she started reading her father’s work at the age of 15. Her relationship with her siblings wasn’t quite the best; in fact Anna refers to her 2 years older sister Sophie as her rival. Anna felt relieved when Sophie went out and got marry, as the relationship wouldn’t be as competitive as it had been most of their lives. Anna gained a special interest in the field of psychology such as her father and in a time were men had made significant contributions to the field of psychology, then comes a little a girl who since a very early age learned to...
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...scientists to pursue knowledge. Many of the personality theories derive from the personality of the theorist. In this paper I am going to discuss the similarities and differences surrounding Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytical theory and Melanie Klein’s object relations theory. The most famous of all personality theories is psychoanalysis, developed by Sigmund Freud in the 1920s. Psychoanalysis is a school of thought that emphasized how the unconscious mind influenced behavior. Freud based his theories on the experiences he received from his patients. He believed that the human mind consisted of three components: the id, the ego and the super-ego. The id controlled the basic needs of the body such as hunger, thirst, sleep, etc… The ego makes sure that these needs are met as well as meeting the needs of the super-ego. The super-ego represents the ideal and moral aspects of a personality. Freud believed in free association, which was hard for some of his patients to master. This made dream analysis one of his famous forms of therapeutic technique. The Theories and methods in psychoanalytic thinking rely on research that is experimental. Theories made by psychoanalytic thinkers, such as Freud and Erickson, are still highly influential today. One of the greatest strengths in psychoanalysis is that it is very comprehensive. It explains mental functioning and the nature of human...
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...a hobby. To be able to learn the thought process of a human being is very fascinating. Throughout this past summer quarter, I learned a great deal on psychoanalysis from lectures, videos and from the textbook. Of all the topics and interesting facts, I was most intrigued by the evolution of Psychoanalysis stemming from Sigmund Freud. Although, admittedly he is not my favorite psychologist, I do agree that he changed our perception of the human mind and personality. Sigmund Freud is labeled the founder/father of psychoanalysis. He believed that the human mind is composed of three elements: the id, the ego, and the superego. He also produced theories of psychosexual stages, the unconscious, and dream symbolism. These theories have become popular in today’s psychology field. Erik Erikson, another theorist associated with psychoanalysis, expanded on Freud’s theories thus stressing the importance of their growth. However, Freud’s critics believed his theories overemphasized the unconscious mind, sex, aggression and childhood experiences. They also believed that many of the concepts proposed by psychoanalytic theorists are difficult to measure and quantify. Also, most of Freud’s ideas were based on case studies and clinical observations rather than empirical, scientific research. Despite the criticism, there are the psychoanalysis field has strengths. While most of the psychodynamic theories did not relay on experimental research, the methods and theories of psychoanalytic thinking...
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...have contributed to psychology and what it has become. Anna Freud is one profound woman that had a lot to contribute to the world of psychology. She was born in Vienna on December 3, 1895. She is the youngest daughter of Sigmund Freud’s six children, and she is the only one of the children that became a psychoanalyst. Freud was the founder of child psychoanalysis, and she added to the understanding of how the ego and consciousness functions in preventing painful thoughts, ideas, and urges (Anna Freud, 2013). Of all Sigmund Freud’s children, Anna was closest to him, and she related to him in ways that the other kids did not. Freud’s mother was closer to her other children while Anna identified with her father. Freud and her mother had a strained relationship. Added to their already strained relationship, Freud’s mother was a total skeptic when it came to psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud noticed his daughter’s intelligence and how interested she was in psychoanalysis. However, he did not send her to the schools that would prepare her for university. Alternatively, she attended Cottage Lyceum which was a school for teachers. Anna Freud began her career as an elementary teacher in 1914 where she taught at her old school during World War I. Since she wanted to work closer with her father, it wasn’t long before she quit her teaching job to do so. Next, she considered becoming a doctor but her father convinced her not to. Freud took it up on herself to become her father’s assistant,...
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...Sigismund Schlomo Freud, later changed to Sigmund Freud, was a major believer in psychoanalysis. Although, Sigmund did not first start out majoring in psychoanalysis, he had a medical major. Learning what he needed to know at the University of Vienna, Sigmund had many accomplishments. In which one being when he received his medical degree while attempting to become a member of the medical department. Sigmund was born on May 6, 1856 to his parents Amalie and Jacob Freud. He was born and raised in Freiberg, Moravia, which was also known as the Czech Republic. The family moved when Sigmund was four years old to Vienna. Vienna was an ideal place where they would live and spend time working as a family. Sigmund’s father had been married three times trying to find the perfect match. His father had two kids...
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...Chapter 2-3-Module 2 Sigmund Freud and the Development of Psychoanalysis The Psychoanalytic Approach to Psychology Ashley Zajac Metropolitan Community College Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who was very well known for his study of the body and the mind. Freud became known as the founding father of Psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud worked to develop techniques such as the use of free association, the process in which a patient recites their thoughts without reservation spontaneously. He also discovered transference, the process to which patients speak of feelings to their analysts derived from their childhood attachments. Freud’s work with Psychoanalysis helped him further develop other theories or explanations for the way humans are the way they are including his redefinition of sexuality which formulated the Oedipus complex as the central tenet of the psychoanalytical theory. Freud focused his work mostly on the mind and received many critiques and criticism of his accomplishments. Psychoanalysis emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior and the main idea that eventually evolved from the development of psychoanalysis is that neurotic symptoms are the result of conflicts within the patient. Neurotic symptoms for example could be phobias, obsessions or compulsions. In Freud’s study of psychoanalysis, he also determined that the mind was composed of...
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...four important individuals related to psychology; who are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James. As well as the basic theoretical positions of the individuals we also will be comparing and contrasting the four individual’s positions. Concerning the causes and nature of human psychological functioning Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James share their differences, which team “B” will discuss. Sigmund Freud considered being the father of psychoanalysis. The main theory that Freud focused the majority of his research was the psychoanalytic theory of learning. Freud is most known for his research and contribution in this field of therapy. Freud is of the first Westerners to recognize and work with the unconscious processes. Psychoanalysis is educational process in which unconscious conflicts are consciously confronted. Freud’s theory is based on the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. Freud was not the one who invented it, but he was responsible for making it highly popular in the psychoanalytic field of research. Freud applied the deterministic principles systematically to the sphere of the mental, and to hold the broad spectrum of human behavior is explicable on in the terms of the mental processes that determine it. The conscious mind occurs when he is aware and alert of his actions at that particular time, memories, thoughts, fantasies, and feelings. Freud called his actions in the conscious mind, preconscious, which...
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...Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, which is now Pribor, in Czech Republic, the son of Jacob Freud and his third wife Amalia. Sigmund was followed by seven younger brothers and sisters. His family constellation was unusual because Freud's two half-brothers, Emmanuel and Philip, were almost the same age as his mother. Freud was younger than his nephew John, Emmanuel's son. This odd situation may have triggered Freud's interest on family dynamics, leading to his ulterior formulations on the Oedipus Complex. Freud's father, a Jewish wool merchant of modest means, moved the family to Leipzig, Germany in 1859, and then settled in Vienna, where Freud remained until 1938. When Freud was eight years old, he was reading Shakespeare, and, during his adolescence, the hearing of a lecture about Goethe's essay on nature impressed him very much. Having considered studying law previously, he decided instead on a career in medical research, beginning his studies at Vienna University in 1873. As a student, Freud began research work on the central nervous system, guided by Ernst von Brock, and qualified as doctor of medicine in 1881. He worked at the Theodor Meynert's Psychiatric Clinic for a year, and later studied with Charcot, at the Salpetriure, in Paris. From 1884 to 1887 Freud published several articles on cocaine. He married Martha Bernays in 1886. The couple had six children (Mathilde, 1887; Jean-Martin, 1889; Olivier, 1891; Ernst, 1892; Sophie, 1893;...
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...Anna Freud Tarnisha S. Hagens PSY/310 April 14, 2013 UOPX/Axia College Anna Freud Anna Freud was the youngest of six siblings. Her father was Sigmund Freud. Anna was born the month of December 3, 1895, and died on October 9, 1982. Anna was born in Vienna, Austria, but she died in London, England. Anna was very close with her father, Sigmund Freud but not as close with her mother, and had strained relationships with her siblings, which was the five of them. Anna also attended school, which was an isolated school, but she decided to drop out because she felt as though she was not learning so her father and his associates taught her. Although her education came from them he and his associates taught her the majority of her learning experience. After advancing in high school, Freud taught as one of the elementary schoolteacher, which she began interpreting a little of her father’s work into German while enhancing her curiosity in psychoanalysis and child psychology. On the other hand, Anna was very motivated she was inspired by her father’s work because she was destined into transpiring to be just like him. Anna established as child psychoanalysis, she was also known for her defense mechanisms and her contributions to ego psychology. However, Anna never achieved a higher degree, her creation in child psychology and psychoanalysis added her eminence in psychology. In 1923, the place where she was born Vienna, Austria, she started her children’s psychoanalytic practice, and...
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...Sigmund Schlomo Freud BRIEF OVERVIEW Although Sigmund Freud was not the first person to formally study psychology, many consider him the most pivotal figure in the development of the field as we know it today. Freud changed the way society has come to think about and treat mental illness. Before Freud, mental illness was thought to result from deterioration or disease of the brain. Freud changed all of this by explicitly rejecting the purely organic or physical explanations of his predecessors. Instead he believed that unconscious motives and drives controlled most behavior. During a career that spanned 58 years, beginning with an earned medical degree in 1881 and continuing to his death in 1939, he developed and repeatedly revised his theory of psychoanalysis. Most of Freud’s theory was developed from contact he had with patients seen in his private practice in Vienna. This type of “clinical” work was a radical departure from the laboratory research that was practiced by most leading psychologists of the day. When Freud first presented his ideas in the 1890s, many of his contemporaries reacted with hostility. In fact, throughout his career, Freud faced enormous opposition to many of his ideas. Those especially controversial included notions about the role of the unconscious in behavior, childhood sexuality, and how the mind was governed (id, ego, and superego). But despite the opposition, Freud eventually attracted a group of followers that included well-known theorists 1856–1939...
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...Anna Freud Kim Debyah PSY100 08/27/13 Anna Freud, the founder of child psychoanalysis, was most noted for her work with children and the concept of children undergoing analysis began her career under her father’s wing. She grew up in the household of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychology. Under his wing she grew a deep attachment and love for him and the field of psychoanalysis. Most of her life was dedicated to her father and his work, where he left off she picked up and made it her own and child analysis her specialty. Anna never married nor had children. She was her father’s constant companion, his colleague, and his nurse during the final years of his life. After her father’s death her career flourished. She published several books and journals of her own and continued some of her father’s work. She more or less followed her father’s strict rules as she was taught but expanding where he didn’t have the opportunity. Anna, the youngest of Sigmund Freud’s six children and the only one who became a psychoanalyst, was born in Vienna December 3, 1895. Freud’s mother was more attached to the other children which left Anna with her father most of the time. Even right after her birth her mother went on vacation for several months leaving not only Anna in the sole care of the nanny Josefine Chihlarz but the two other young siblings. Anna was extremely attached to Josefine and was quoted saying she was ‘the most genuine of my childhood” (Freud, 1991)...
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...Model Paper The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind (Freud, 2013). Psychoanalysis is a funny yet crazy type of word, putting Psycho and analysis together sounds like there is a psychotic person that needs to be analyzed. Psychoanalysis is a therapy that is based on what individuals may not know about themselves, mainly their behaviors and their emotions. What may happen with this is that the unconscious behaviors may cause unhappiness in those individuals. There was a method to Freud’s madness, if we should call it that, but the reason behind his psychoanalytic approach to therapy is to identify ones unconscious thoughts and bring them to the fore front, so those individuals that are seeking the therapy are made aware. The downside to this unhappiness is that one’s personality appears to change for the time being. Those behaviors tend to be things like self esteem issues, disturbing personality traits, and they may even have trouble relating to their peers and family members. Psychoanalysis is a technique that is used to treat and evaluate a patient’s behavior; this is performed by a psychotherapist. To which, Freud is one of the first names that many people think of when they think of psychology, and when discussions of psychoanalysis come up in a discussion, in many instances Freud will be the first name that will slip off the lips of various individuals and those in the field of psychology. Undoubtedly...
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...Psychodynamic Approach • Freud’s psychoanalysis was the original psychodynamic theory, but the psychodynamic approach as a whole includes all theories that were based on his ideas. • The words psychodynamic and psychoanalytic are often confused. Remember that Freud’s theories were psychoanalytic, whereas the term ‘psychodynamic’ refers to both his theories and those of his followers. Freud’s psychoanalysis is both a theory and a therapy. • Sigmund Freud (writing between the 1890s and the 1930s) developed a collection of theories which have formed the basis of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. His theories are clinically derived - i.e. based on what his patients told him during therapy. The psychodynamic therapist would usually be treating the patient for depression or anxiety related disorders. Psychodynamic Approach Assumptions * Our behavior and feelings are powerfully affected by unconscious motives. * Our behavior and feelings as adults are rooted in our childhood experiences. * All behavior has cause even slips of the tongue. Therefore all behavior is determined. * Personality is made up of three parts: the id, ego and super-ego. * Behavior is motivated by two instinctual drives: Eros (the sex drive & life instinct) and Thanatos (the aggressive drive & death instinct). * Parts of the unconscious mind are in constant conflict with the conscious part of the mind. This conflict creates anxiety, which could be dealt with by the ego’s...
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