...Shannon model and social model Look at the message itself and think about the idea in message itself. How message is constructed? How media content constructed? Talking about process… process can be also of : “Signification” - The process of creating “signs” – (anything that you can read meaning into) Semiology or semiotics: the study of signs and sign systems(understanding of sign) |Signifier what we see |Signified what is in our head | |Sign anything we can make meaning of | Words are also signs The thing you see (hear, feel, etc.) – signifier -- and what the thing you see (hear, feel, etc.) stands for -- signified; (also “referent”) 3 kinds of signs (multiple choice test) Icon: looks like the thing (photo, map) apple Index(indicates): associated with its object (smoke indicates fire, animal droppings) tree Symbol: arbitrary/abstract relationship (language) Collection of signifiers is: Text: Any collection of signs from which meaning is made. (Book, TV show, film, radio, sky, map, etc.) Any collection of sign, which has meaning Mix and match signifiers to create signs with new/different meaning (e.g. underwear; beer ad) signifies bad prostate treatment. Underwear signifies good treatment of prostate. Women wearing beer bottle cloths signify that it was very sexist ad and deliver message that women can be consumed. What flag signify: flag of US signifies corporate companies. Show America is about...
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...is what we give to the perception. This can obviously be different with different people because it relies on ourselves. The signification is what ties these different perceptions together. Specific characteristics of a sign is that they have single meanings (an example would be a street sign giving the name of a street). A specific example of a signal is that they convey a meaning for an action. An example is a street light. When the green light is lit it gives someone the signal to go. Vice versa when the red light illuminates. A symbol is used to convey meaning. This would be a sign on the road that has the squiggly lines. It is conveying to drivers that the road is going to become winding. An example of a discursive symbol would be a symbol that is discrete and must be seen in a certain arrangement for one to understand. A presentational symbol must be perceived as a whole like a painting. An iconic symbol must be involved with geometric relationships. Pictures that have translated images. A metaphor symbol implies a comparison. For example a metaphor is a comparison between to things so a symbol using this technique would be the sun being a symbol for heat. Hierophany symbols bring back sacred things to life. 5)According to the Gestalt Theory...
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...Visual Communication There are many elements of visual communication around each and every person. This kind of communication is an art that is inseparable from human beings and will remain applicable in their lives as long as they continue carrying out their activities. Different situations or scenarios demand application of different approaches of visual communication. It is therefore important for any visual communicator to employ these approaches accurately to enhance successful communication. In this work communication intended at giving a warning/caution message by the use of symbols and signs, shapes and colors, and images is discussed. The message will be to caution people on the hazards involved when one handles electricity or electrical products carelessly (Baldwin & Roberts, 2006). Signs and Symbols In order to deliver a caution or warning, one can practically use symbols or signs that deliver a message of danger. Such a symbol would be the use of a skull to warn of a possible electrocution. Shapes and Colors Warning can also be affected by the use of certain colors. A red color, for example, is known to be associated with danger. The connection is usually drawn from the fact that it represents the color of blood. Use of Images The use of images is also effective in delivering a caution message to the possible audience. It involves the use of real images or those that have been made to look real and which portray the results of the danger. For example an image with...
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...Conventionality of a Linguistic Sign as a Social Factor in Language Development By Krystyna Poluektova CONTENTS CHAPTER I – Introduction Statement of the problem and purpose……………………………………………3 CHAPTER II Literature review, definition of terms and main ideas………………………………………………………………………………………………….5 CHAPTER IV – Conclusion…………………………………………........................14 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………….15 Introduction Statement of the problem and purpose The idea of the linguistic sign, which is today asserted or implied in most works of general linguistics, came from Ferdinand de Saussure. Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist whose ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in linguistics in the 20th century. He is widely considered one of the fathers of 20th-century linguistics. Saussure's ideas had a major impact on the development of linguistic theory in the first half of the 20th century. Two currents of thought emerged independently of each other, one in Europe, the other in America. The results of each incorporated the basic notions of Saussurean thought in forming the central tenets of structural linguistics. Saussure posited that linguistic form is arbitrary, and therefore all languages function in a similar fashion. According to Saussure, a language is arbitrary because it is systematic in that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Also, all languages have their own concepts...
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...Model Release Suite 200, 1240 - 20 Avenue SE, Calgary, AB, Canada T2G 1M8 | Phone 403 265 3062 Toll-Free 1.866.478.6251 | www.iStockphoto.com | artists@istockphoto.com For Consideration herein acknowledged as received, and by signing this release I hereby give the Photographer / Filmmaker and Assigns my permission to license the Content and to use the Content in any Media for any purpose (except pornographic or defamatory) which may include, among others, advertising, promotion, marketing and packaging for any product or service. I agree that the Content may be combined with other images, text, graphics, film, audio, audio-visual works; and may be cropped, altered or modified. I acknowledge and agree that I have consented to publication of my ethnicity(ies) as indicated below, but understand that other ethnicities may be associated with me by the Photographer / Filmmaker and / or Assigns for descriptive purposes. I agree that I have no rights to the Content, and all rights to the Content belong to the Photographer / Filmmaker and Assigns. I acknowledge and agree that I have no further right to additional consideration or accounting, and that I will make no further claim for any reason to Photographer / Filmmaker and / or Assigns. I acknowledge and agree that this release is binding upon my heirs and assigns. I agree that this release is irrevocable, worldwide and perpetual, and will be governed by the laws (excluding the law of conflicts) of the country/state from the following...
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...Contract Creation and Management Cheeseman (2010) stated, “Express agency is the most common form of agency. In an express agency, the agent has the authority to contract or otherwise act on the principal’s behalf, as expressly stated in the agency agreement. In addition, the agent may also possess certain implied or apparent authority to act on the principal’s behalf”(p.461). A business owner needs to clearly define the responsibilities and authority that each employee holds. The business owner also needs to clearly state which individuals within the organization have the authority to enter into a contract on the organizations behalf. The author will discuss “The Nature of Agency video” and issues regarding express agency. The Nature of Agency video In the scenario described in “The Nature of Agency video” Non-Linear Pro sued Quick Takes Video for breach of contract on a three month lease agreement. Quick Takes Video leased some video editing equipment from Non-Linear Pro that didn’t operate according to Quick Takes Video expectations. Apparently when the equipment was delivered Janet an employee of Quick Takes Video mistakenly signed a three month lease agreement thinking it was a shipping confirmation request. The management of Quick Takes Video called their legal representative and discovered that it may be reasonable to assume by a third party that Janet had the authority to enter into a contract on behalf of the organization. Authority Within an organization employees...
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...did know how to sign the correct questions. For example instead of signing university I signed school. Also I noticed that when signing I left out accurate meanings of words such as our and we that I mixed up. Many of my signals were not complete so I noticed that I need to assure that I completely finish a sign, and then move on to the next one. 2. My non-grammatical signals were off only because I looked down at my paper so much. But I noticed I was using them, but you could barley see them because you could not see my eyebrows. The only time you really seen my non-grammatical signals was in my introduction. There were several times for example when I would start a sentence you could see my non-grammaticals but towards the end of the sentence I noticed I was to worried about trying to figure out how the rest of the sentence was structured. Some of my non-grammatical signals had no emotion, I need to either smile more or make it more noticeable that I’m trying to express a word. 3. After viewing my expressive test and comparing it to the model video I noticed there is still a lot of work that I need to improve. I need to speed up my performance as well as my sentence structure. There were many more differences than similarities that really show me how much I need to improve my speed, on grammatical signals, and correct signs. I can also tell that I need to make aware what signal im trying to express because it is hard to determine sometimes what sign I...
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...least to me it was, so important I risked getting in trouble for it one day. I got a bad grade on one of my math tests. When we got a bad grade on a test in that class we were always supposed to get it signed by our parents, or we would have to lose our recess. Losing my recess was a horrible thing to me, no four square or jump rope? I could not have that. In the fourth grade I decided that instead of going outside and playing four square, jump rope or hop scotch, I was going to get a call home and a spanking from my parents when I got there. Yea, you could say I chose the wrong choice. Not intentionally of course. Right before recess my fourth grade teacher at commodore, Mrs. Carey asked for all the signed tests. I forgot to have my mom sign my test so I forged her signature thinking I was going to get away with it, I was so wrong. Not only did it look bad but I also only wrote her first name. My teacher noticed it right away. I did not go to recess at all, she kept me in class. Mrs. Carey took me to the front office to call home but not before lecturing me about how forging a signature can put me in jail. I cried so much to the teacher but it didn’t help anything. Once I got home I had to go straight to my room. My dad came in a little later, he sure did spank me. No matter how much he didn’t want to. I didn’t think my dad would ever spank me but I guess I did something very bad. He even apologized that he had to do that but I deserved it. I was grounded for at least two weeks...
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...words, signs, and symbols of all kinds” (Berger, 2008a, p.2). Utilizing communication is an important part of advertising or expressing ideas without actually saying them. I recently finished a visual project in which I was required to reflect on the effectiveness of visual communication using at least three different approaches to convey my message. The different approaches I used in my visual project to demonstrate the effectiveness of visual communication are as follows: images, typography, color, signs, and symbols. In this paper, I will explain why each approach will pose as an effective tool in communicating my message. In conclusion, I will also explain why I feel signs and symbols is the most effective approach in my visual project of effective visual communication. As the old saying goes, “a picture says a thousand words?” In my opinion, this phrase exemplifies the power of images. I believe this saying is true because images can be used to persuade and to perpetuate ideas that words alone cannot (Lester, 2006). We see images every day, and they often contain more information than we imagine. The world has become flooded with images: some selling products, communicating messages, some selling ideas. Can you see how images have impacted the world? The images used in my visual project are effective in communicating my message, because the images displayed in my visual project have symbolic meaning, which will help the viewer interpret my message. Signs and symbols...
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...Fdasfsad fjdklsajfkldsajkl klljflkdjsalk;fjdskal kljkljklfdas jkljkljkl jkljlkjlk jkjkljlk jkljlkj today Yesterday tomorrow Tuesday taco burrito yes no maybe a b c d e f h g h I j k l m n o p q r t s y u v s f g h r t s d g t a s d h b v f e r s d g h h j y d d a s d g g t tii 343 5 6 6 3 3 2 clerk can immediately issue a check against that purchase order and sign the check. For approved purchase orders between $5,000 and $10,000, the accounting clerk can immediately issue a check but must additionally obtain a second signature. Payments for approved purchase orders over $10,000 always require the approval of the accounting manager to issue the check as well as the signature of two accounting clerks. Payments that are not covered by a purchase order that are under $5,000 must be approved by the accounting manager and a departmental manager that will absorb the cost of the payment into that department’s budget. Such checks can be signed by a single accounting clerk. Payments that are not covered by a purchase order that are between $5,000 and $10,000 must be approved by the accounting manager and a departmental manager, and the check must have two signatures. Finally, payments exceeding $10,000 that are not covered by a purchase order must be approved by a department manager, the accounting manager, and the chief financial officer. Such checks require two signatures. Use a decision table to represent the logic in this process. Write down any assumptions you have to...
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...I am submitting the assignment for: □ an individual project or □ a group project on behalf of all members of the group. It is hereby confirmed that the submission is authorized by all members of the group, and all members of the group are required to sign this declaration. I/We declare that: (i) the assignment here submitted is original except for source material explicitly acknowledged; (ii) the piece of work, or a part of the piece of work has not been submitted for more than one purpose (e.g. to satisfy the requirements in two different courses) without declaration; and (iii) the submitted soft copy with details listed in the is identical to the hard copy(ies), if any, which has(have) been / is(are) going to be submitted. I/We also acknowledge that I am/we are aware of University policy and regulations on honesty in academic work, and of the disciplinary guidelines and procedures applicable to breaches of such policy and regulations, as contained in the University website http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/policy/academichonesty/. In the case of a group project, we are aware that each student is responsible and liable to disciplinary actions should there be any plagiarized contents/undeclared multiple submission in the group project, irrespective of whether he/she has signed the declaration and whether he/she has contributed directly or indirectly to the problematic contents. It is also understood that assignments without a properly signed declaration by the student ...
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...Roland Corporation (India) Ltd. Mumbai Pune Road, Pune (MH), India Email: contactus@rolandindia,com www.roland.co.in Reference Date: Dear Sir/Madam, SUB: APPOINTMENT AS…. Welcome to our company. With reference to your application for the captioned post and subsequent test and interview, we are pleased to inform you that you have been selected for the post of Marketing Executive in the FMCG department of the company on the following terms and conditions: Date of Appointment You will be appointed as a Marketing Executive with effect from 6th of March, 2010. Probation Period The probation period will be six months. However, after the said period, it can be extended at the discretion of the company for a further period of next six months. Salary during Probation During the probation period, you will be entitled to fixed salary of US $ 1000 per month. Appointment after Expiry of Probation Period (in case found suitable) After the expiry of probation period, if you are found suitable by the company for the same post or a different post, you will be confirmed in your appointment on a salary of US $ 1800 according to the scale of Marketing Executive as per US Bureau of Labour Statistics, plus other incentives, allowances and contributory provident fund. If you are not found suitable for the post, your appointment might get terminated at the discreetness of the company and in case of such termination you will have no right or claim against the company. Standing Orders ...
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...of clinic gross income (33.33%), she will get paid at the end of each month. She will get 1099 form and she has to pay her own income tax. 2. Lamson William Nguyen will be a clinic manager and medical billing. - Lamson William Nguyen’s income will be 1/3 of clinic gross income (33.33%), he will get paid at the end of each month. He will get 1099 form and he has to pay his own income tax. 3. Stephanie Thu Le, D.C. will provide all office furniture, medical equipment and machines, massage chair, office and medical supplies. - Stephanie Thu Le, D.C. will pay rent, utility bills such as electric bills, telephone bills, and office bills such as business license fee. - Stephanie Thu Le, D.C. will pay for marketing fees such as the business sign, business card, flyers, and newspaper advertisement. - Stephanie Thu Le’s income will be 1/3 of clinic gross income (33.33%) after deduction of all office expenses. The term of this Agreement is for five years, beginning on the 5th day of September 2017 and ending on the 31st day of 2022, at which time the contract shall terminate without further notice. The undersigned acknowledges having read and understood the foregoing, and receipt of a duplicate original. ...
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...defines as a system of signs that express a concept, and argues that it can be expressed by two components: langue (the abstract system of language that is internalized by a community) and parole (the individual acts of speech). Furthermore, Saussure regards parole as heterogeneous (composed of many parts) and langue as homogeneous (composed of the union of meanings and what he refers to as sound images – both being psychological in nature). Therefore, Saussure considers langue as systematic; this being the reason why Saussure chooses to focus on langue as it allows an investigative methodology that is rooted, supposedly, in pure science. In this text, Saussure endeavors to argue against a common view of language that regards language as being a natural organism which grows and evolves following a set of laws that are outside the control of human beings. Instead, Saussure wants to position language as a social phenomenon that is beyond the immediate control of the individual speaker. To clearly state his point, Saussure needs to define the following concepts. The Sign The signe (sign) is the basic unit of language that Saussure wants to focus on for the start of his investigation in linguistics. He describes the sign as a double entity, composed of the sound image (signifier) and the concept (signified). It is important to note that Saussure regards the sound image as being psychological in nature, not material. However, both components of the sign are never-the-less inseparable...
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...related. The Ministry also believes that all that was done to give the Minister notice was the single sentence above the space provided for his signature which read “Please read Conditions of Contract (Overleaf) prior to signing”. The Law The law is clear that when a party signs a contract where there is no misrepresentation or fraud it signifies that the party has read the contract and has agreed to all terms therein the contract and is therefore bounded by the contract. In the case of L’Estrange v. Graucob (1934) 2 KB. 394, L'Estrange signed an agreement to purchase a cigarette vending machine from Graucob. The agreement contained a term which said “This agreement contains all the terms and conditions under which I agree to purchase the machine specified above, and any express or implied condition, statement, or warranty, statutory or otherwise not stated herein is hereby excluded.” When the machine was delivered to L'Estrange it was found to be faulty so L'Estrange rejected it claiming that it was not fit for the purpose for which it was sold. Graucob claimed that the agreement expressly provided for the exclusion of all implied warranties. L'Estrange said although she did not read the agreement she did sign it intentionally. The Judgment that was handed down by Scrutton L.J. stated “When a document containing contractual terms is signed, then, in the absence of fraud, or, I will add, misrepresentation, the party signing it is bound, and it is wholly immaterial whether he...
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