...uke William of Normandy attacked England in October, 1066, and at Hastings crushed the Saxon military pioneer, Harold II, who quickly had been designated by the Saxon Witan to guard the country. With the passing of Harold II at Hastings, sorted out Saxon resistance fallen. William of Normandy, driving less than three thousand Norman knights, moved north parallel to the drift, took Dover, then judiciously went to Canterbury, where he threatened Archbishop Stigand into giving his approval for Duke William to proceed onward to Westminster and claim the crown. Along his way toward London, William's aptitude, as a military strategist for fulfilling this objective with constrained ground support, is appeared in the way he encompassed and disconnected towns with least showdown. In any case, when he touched base at the south shore of the Thames opposite London, he mercilessly crushed the land. He exhibition to nationals of London that he could be absolutely brutal, and that he implied business. In this, he was successful to the point that the Saxon pioneer, Edgar the Atheling (the main living male beneficiary of Alfred the Great) and other Saxon nobles in London met William outside the city entryways, where they offered him...
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...Influence on economics rights: Magna Carter is highly economic in intent. The significance of Magna Carter partly lies in the reestablishment and protection of economics rights with its principles that people and their properties will be treated equally on a consistent legal basis and people are free to conduct business which are ground breaking at that time and fundamental on the account of world’s economic development. At the time when Magna Carter was published, the Law gave people back their property rights which were stolen by the King, the most famous event being William Marshall’s properties were cemented and later extend of the Forest Charter. This protection stabilized the development of real estate industry and enabled people to collect properties, which reinforced the economic growth and create a more stable environment or the economy. What’s more, before the Magna Carter was published and applied into law, people’s freedom of conducting business was highly restrained, which in turn stop English economy from thriving. The liberation of people’s economics rights made it possible for the free-trade market to grow and enabled the English economy to be more market-based. As the passage mentioned that the influence of Magna Carter is not static but dynamic in the long journey of forming the capitalism in modern society. The significance of Magna Carter is not just because its profound relevance for 800 years is a great achievement on the respects of...
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...Smith 1 Nick Smith Mr. Farrington English 3 23 October 2016 The Significance of Glory After Death in Beowulf and History In Beowulf, the aspect of attaining glory throughout one’s life is an integral part of their culture. Warriors battle to protect their land, serve their king, and to be remembered and have their legacy carry on after they have died. People such as these worked their entire lives, and dedicated them to serving their country and king as a way to attain glory themselves. The comitatus, or the bind between a king and his people, shows that the people of Beowulf’s time fought together, as one united people, and that even kings were willing to lay their lives down in the line of duty to protect their nation and to attain the...
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...1.History Prehistory Two thousand year ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture through-out the Bristish Isles.Its seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from the eighth century BC onwards, intermingled with the peoples who were already there.For people in Britain today, the chief significance of the prehistoric period is its sense of mystery.This sense finds its focus most easily in the astonishing monumental architecture of this period, the remains of which exist throughout the country. Wiltshire, in south-western England, has two spectacular. The Roman period (43-410) The Roman province of Britannia covered most of present-day England and Wales. The Romans imposed their own way of life and culture, making use of the existing Celtic aristocracy to govern and encouraging this ruling class to adopt Roman dress and the Roman language. They exerted an influence, without actually governing there, over the southern part of Scotland. The remarkable thing about the Roman is that, despite their long occupation of Britain, they left very little behind. To many other part of Europe they bequeathed a system of law and administration which forms the basis of the modern system and a language. Moreover, most of their villas,bayhs and temples, their impressive network of roads, and the cities they founded, including Londinium, were soon destroyed or fell into disrepair. The Germanic invasions (410-1066) Duringthe fifth century, a number of tribes from the north-western...
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...A GUIDE FOR NEW LAW STUDENTS Orin S. Kerr† This essay is designed to help new law students prepare for the first few weeks of class. It explains what judicial opinions are, how they are structured, and what law students should look for when reading them. W I. WHAT’S IN A LEGAL OPINION? hen two people disagree and that disagreement leads to a lawsuit, the lawsuit will sometimes end with a ruling by a judge in favor of one side. The judge will explain the ruling in a written document referred to as an “opinion.” The opinion explains what the case is about, discusses the relevant legal principles, and then applies the law to the facts to reach a ruling in favor of one side and against the other. Modern judicial opinions reflect hundreds of years of history and practice. They usually follow a simple and predictable formula. This † Orin Kerr is a professor of law at the George Washington University Law School. This essay can be freely distributed for non-commercial uses under the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported license. For the terms of the license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. 11 GREEN BAG 2D 51 Orin S. Kerr section takes you through the basic formula. It starts with the introductory materials at the top of an opinion and then moves on to the body of the opinion. The Caption The first part of the case is the title of the case, known as the “caption.” Examples include Brown v. Board of Education and Miranda...
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...maxims is simple , they are general principles which can be deviated from specific cases. “He who comes into equity must come with clean hands.” This is one of the many maxims of equity. This maxim “bars relief”* that anyone guilty of improper conduct in the matter at hand .It operates to prevent any affirmative recovery* for the person with “dirty hands” no matter how unfairly the person’s adversary has treated him or her . The maxim’s purpose is to protect the integrity of the court. This rule is not meant to punish carelessness or a mistake .Another notable maxim is “Equity looks on that as done which ought to be done” , this maxim means that when individuals are required , by their agreements or by law to perform some act of legal significance , equity will regard that act as having been done as it ought to have been done , even before it has actually happened. Another maxim says “Equity will not complete an imperfect gift” which explains that if a donor has made and imperfect gift namely lacking the formalities required at common law , equity will not assist the intended donee*, this...
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...The medieval and middle literature periods included writings in old english, and Anglo-Norman through middle English, the increasing length of poetry and prose, with strong religious influences during times of change. The Medieval time period is between the fifth and fifteenth century. At the start of this era was the falling of the great Roman Empire and it continued into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Germanic tribes took over. The classic Beowulf was written during the rising of the Germanic tribes and is still read by many today. Following the Germans was the Vikings. Then finally in 1066, the Norman Conquest happened. The Duke of Normandy invaded Britain and took the Anglo-Saxons’ land...
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...Numerous empirical studies have sought to evaluate the relationship between market structure and performance. The traditional structure-conduct-performance approach (SCP) alone seems hard to reconcile with the true development of the relationship. There are two main stream of hypothesis that studies the relationship between. On one hand, the collusion hypothesis, widely known as SCP (Bain, 1995), stipulates that as a result of market concentration which facilitates the collusion between firms of the industry, greater benefits like higher firm profits arise. On the other hand, Demsetz (1973) provide an alternative reasoning for the positive relationship between concentration and profitability. The efficient structure hypothesis suggests that market structure is dictated by the efficiency of the operating firms. The most efficient firms reap higher profitability and market share which eventually lead to higher market concentration. This review will present some literature findings which are either in favour of or against Demsetz view of efficiency hypothesis. Efficient-structure hypothesis stipulates that bigger market share is the outcome of efficient operations of the firms. It is subdivided into two forms of hypothesis. Under X-efficiency hypothesis, firms with superior management or production processes operate at lower costs and eventually gain more profits. Following-on higher market shares may result in higher market concentration. On another hand, scale-efficiency hypothesis...
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...Final Paper: Senkaku Diaoyu Dispute Word Count: 3008 Table of Contents Abstract3 Sino-Japanese Dispute over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands4 Pending Controversy from the Chinese Perspective 4 China’s Strategy in the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands Dispute 6 Issue Linkage and Coercive Diplomacy 6 Sino-Japanese political-economic relations 8 Cold Politics and Hot Economics 8 References13 Abstract: The Senkaku Diaoyu crisis is a territorial dispute between China and Japan over a group of islands know as Senkaku in Japanese and Diaoyu in Chinese. The Sino-Japanese dispute over the Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands dates back to as early as 1895 when Japan annexed the islands. It was not until the 1960’s and early 1970’s that the dispute becomes a major topic of Sino-Japanese relations due to a report by the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East that suggested possible large hydrocarbon deposit in the waters off Diaoyu/Senkaku Islands (Zhongqi, P. 2007). China however, has clearly stated that the islands have been its territory for the last five centuries (Yuan 2013). There are many disputes in regards to the ownership of the islands. Firstly, China believes that Japans claim of sovereignty over the islands in 1895 holds no meaning, leaving the lands unclaimed. Second, China and Japan disagree over whether Japan returned the islands to China after the Japanese defeat in World War II. Lastly, China and Japan debate over how their maritime boundary in the East China...
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...Ancient Egypt and the Spread of Tattoos Several female Egyptian mummies dating from the Eleventh Dynasty (2100 B.C.) show evidence of being tattooed for ritualistic purposes or for therapeutic purposes during pregnancy. Most likely influenced by ancient tattoo practices in Nubia, the women’s tattoos (or mentenu) were blackish blue and were likely applied with a pricking instrument with one or more fish bones set into a wooden handle. The most famous tattooed mummy is the beautiful Amunet, a priestess of the goddess of Hathor at Thebes, who was tattooed with several lines and dots in geometric patterns. A second female mummy, who appears to be a dancer, also exhibits similar patterns as well as a cicatrix pattern over the low pubic region. Several figurines from the Middle Kingdom known as the “Brides of Death” also display similar geometric patterns (Jones 2000). Though Egyptian tattoos have been found on only female mummies, designs which seem to represent tattoos are seen on both men and women in Egyptian art, suggesting tattoos were not restricted to women. While tattooing sprung up independently around the globe, the significant Egyptian influence also helped spread the practice. Ancient Greece and Rome: Tattoos as Marks of Ownership and Criminality The Greeks learned tattooing from the Persians who, as Herodotus informs us, would tattoo slaves, prisoners of war, and even Hellespont with the name or mark of Xerxes. While tattoos sometimes served as a way to transmit secret...
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...for people to adhere to the rules. This has worked well in primitive societies. However, home to many societies bearing differing culture and religious practices, the sources of law of a modern nation does not simply come from the amalgamation of legally binding customs from respective societies as a solitary and direct source. By far, the law has been compounded, overruled, refined and developed over past centuries under the influences of historical, economical and social events. As such, the sources of law in a developed nation of UK today would involve common law and statutes as the leading sources, supplemented by delegated legislation, academic doctrines, customs, constitution, transnational and European Law. The Ius Commune In 1066, William the conqueror emerged victorious in the Battle of Hastings and became King of England. He unified counties with disparate customary practices into a national legal system, giving birth to common law. The word “common” was used to distinguish it from prior customary local laws. The nation consisted of 8 nonpartisan large kingdoms governed under a feudal rule. King William I fashioned the national legal system such that it would bring huge monetary benefit to the monarchy. This was in contrary to Aristotle’s philosophy on distributive justice by which the law ensured equal distribution of wealth and...
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...RISE OF THE NATION STATE State, Nation, and Nation-state The present-day layout of the world’s political map is a product of humanities endless politico-geographic accommodations and adjustments. A mosaic of more than 200 states and territories separated by boundaries makes the world looks like a jigsaw puzzle. Human territoriality refers to a country’s (or more local community’s) sense of property and attachment toward its territory, expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and defended. A state is a politically organized territory, administered by a government, and recognized by the international community. A state must also contain a permanent population, an organized economy, and a functioning internal circulation system (infrastructure). Since certain countries have internal divisions, the solution is to capitalize “State” (e.g. State of Florida, State of Uttar Pradesh India)). When used for the formally independent political units, the term country and state are interchangeable. A nation, by contrast, is a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, religion, ethnicity, and/or other shared cultural attributes. Theoretically, a nation-state is a recognized country possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. In only a handful of countries do state territories largely coincide with the distribution of people who feel they are part of one nation. Iceland, Portugal, Denmark, and Poland are...
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...Dr. Jagannath Mishra v. State of Jharkhand- Case Analysis With Reference to the Indian Penal Code, 1860 Submitted by KARANBIR SINGH THIND PRN No. 11010224027 Division ‘A’ Roll No. 26 BBA. LL.B. of Symbiosis Law School, NOIDA Symbiosis International University, PUNE In March, 2013 Under the guidance of Prof. Girjesh Shukla And Prof. Vikram Singh Law of Crimes-I Symbiosis Law School Noida, 201301 Certificate The project entitled “Dr. Jagannath Mishra v. State of Jharkhand (2002) CriLJ 4646- Case Analysis With Reference to the Indian Penal Code, 1860” submitted to the Symbiosis Law School, NOIDA for Law of Crimes-I as part of internal assessment is based on my original work carried out under the guidance of Prof. Girjesh Shukla and Prof. Vikram Singh in March 2013. The research work has not been submitted elsewhere for award of any degree. The material borrowed from other sources and incorporated in the thesis has been duly acknowledged. I understand that I myself could be held responsible and accountable for plagiarism, if any, detected later on. (KARANBIR SINGH THIND) Date: March 14, 2013 Acknowledgment I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I would like to thank Symbiosis Law School, Noida for providing me with the opportunity to work on this project. I am highly indebted to Prof...
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...attempts to find true self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. Hamlet is an existentialist character who believes that he is forced to avenge his father’s death and the hatred builds in his heart because of the many betrayals which direct him towards a senseless life and constant thoughts about suicide; this ultimately leads to his demise and he is left with naught.... [tags: Existentialism] 872 words (2.5 pages) $14.95 [preview] Life Value vs. Existentialism in Grendel - A main theme in John Gardner’s Grendel, is the constant competition of the ideas of meaning in life versus existentialism. Throughout the novel, Grendel makes a steady spiritual decay to the point of denying any value or significance in life itself. He believes the world is nothing more than “a mechanical chaos of casual, brute enmity on which we stupidly impose our hopes and fears”(16). This progression starts at a young age, and...
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...“Independent Project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree BA (Hons) History, in the Department of History and Economic History, Manchester Metropolitan University”, 29 March 2014 Cultural Changes and the Growth of Christianity in Medieval and Early Modern England By Janine Scambler I certify that, apart from the guidance provided by my supervisor and the references cited in the text and bibliography, this dissertation is the sole work of Janine Scambler and has not been previously submitted as part of the assessment requirements for any academic reward. Signed: Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Visual Culture 8 Chapter 2: Ancient Practices 21 Chapter 3: Beliefs and Superstition 30 Conclusion 41 Bibliography 43 Appendix 56 Abstract This dissertation will demonstrate cultural changes in England through the period c.700-1660. The changes studied will focus on visual sources, or visual culture; ancient practices, or festivals and the cult of saints; and superstition and belief. It will show how changes occurred around political and religious change, and that different areas were affected by different factors. Introduction This dissertation will assess the extent to which ancient beliefs and practices survived the introduction of Christianity and their subsequent development in England. This will be achieved through the study of visual culture; the survival of ancient practices; and an investigation...
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