...Chanice Lighty November 3rd, 2014 Harrold US History John Adams vs Alexander Hamilton Born October 30, 1735 in Quincy, Massachusetts. John Adams our 2nd president of the United States, grew up with a father who was a farmer, deacon, and town councilman. Adams was a federalist one of his famous attributes was the argument about the stamp act of 1765. He wrote a response to the act called “Essay on the Canon and Feudal Law” in which he argued that: ‘the stamp act deprived American colonist of their rights to be taxed by consent and to be tried by a jury of their peers.’ He also made it clear that the act was null and void in a speech he sent out to the governor of Massachusetts along with his council. In 1796, Adams was elected as the federalist nominee for president. Thomas Jefferson led opposition. During his presidency France and Britain began a war, which started a political uproar for the United States causing Adams administration to focus on diplomatic efforts for France, when France denied the United States and later after the war died down Adams lost his favoritism from the public and lost his re-election to once opposed Thomas Jefferson. Alexander Hamilton born January 11, 1755 on the island of Nevis in the British West indies. Hamilton was part of George Washington’s administration, and one of the leading figures. Hamilton was also a nationalist, who stood for the “wealthy elite” meaning he believed the government should protect the wealthy. Hamilton’s goal...
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...government as a whole. During Washington’s presidency, many political parties and departments were set up, each with a certain role in the federal government, and many with different ideological views. Washington’s first order of business was to establish his Cabinet. The Department of State, under the first secretary Thomas Jefferson, was responsible for U.S. diplomatic problems. The Department of Justice, under General Edmund Randolph, was responsible for enforcing the laws and an administration of justice. There was also the Department of the Treasury, which was overseen by Secretary Alexander Hamilton, and was responsible for managing government revenue. Lastly, the Supreme Court was established which was the governing force of the federal government; this is where federal cases were disputed. With the initial set up of the federal government system, came the first political parties of the U.S. government. Each political party had its common interests and views which was there main focus in their way of governing. The first two political parties were called the Federalists and the Republicans. The Federalist Party was initially established by Alexander Hamilton and his followers. The Federalist Party’s main focus was on having a strong central government to oversee the people and the states government as well. They believed that a federal government should have complete power over the states and governing, and that state government rights should be limited, as well as for...
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...University of Phoenix Material Influences on the Constitution Table Write one or two paragraphs in each section. Include citations for your sources. Documents | Summary | What was its influence on the Constitution? | Magna Carta | Charter drawn up in the attempts to stave off civil war against King John in 1215. The Magna Carta gave Englishmen certain human rights, freedom of religion, reform of justice system and regulated officials. The Magna Carta limited the king’s power and created what we know today as parliament. | Freedom of Religion, a maintained justice system allowing men a fair trial, freedom from oppression and unlawful persecution, that not one man should lead a nation solely, but a group of officials, and checks and balances. | Mayflower Compact | Men aboard the Mayflower bound for Northern Virginia in 1620 decided to land in what we know as Massachusetts. They signed the Mayflower Compact to enable that crew of men the right to self govern and have equal rights. | First constitution signed in The New World, organizing a local government of an elected governor and officials to regulate laws, and taxes. Basis for self government. | Articles of Confederation | With growing popularity in the ideas of independence from England, the colonies needed a way to unite them but not take away individual state/colony rights. Written in 1777 but not approved by all states until 1781. | Gave the idea of a central government while keeping most power within each...
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...obtain even more information like Hebrew and Philosophy. After graduation, in 1772, Madison began to study law, which was something he really didn’t have any passion for. He also took interest in the relationship between the American colonies and Britain. When Virginia began prepping for war, the American Revolutionary War, Madison was appointed colonel of the Orange County militia. In 1774, he took a seat on the local Committee of Safety, a patriot prorevoluotion group that oversaw the local army. His family wasn’t big on public affairs, and this was the first step that his family’s wealth allowed him to pursue. This wasn’t his dream; however, so soon he gave up the military career for a political one. In 1776, he represented Orange County at the Virginia at a convention. Within two years of Madison changing his passion, the United States was on the verge of war with Britain, and the young Madison found himself caught between the debates on independence. The same year he represented Orange County at the Virginia Convention to organize a new government since the United States of America was no longer under British rule. He would later push through statues on religious freedom, something he believe quite strongly, and other things he worked on with Thomas Jefferson. In the election deciding the delegates to the new state assembly, Madison lost, quite dramatically, to a less inhibited candidate, who gave the voters lots of helpings of whiskey. Even though he was defeated in...
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...APUSH Study Guide 8 A weak Confederacy and the Constitution, 1776-1790 Themes/Constructs: The federal Constitution represented a moderately conservative reaction against the democratilizing effects of the Revolution and the Articles of Confederation. The American Revolution was not a radical transformation like the French or Russian revolutions, but it produced political innovations and some social change in the direction of greater equality and democracy. The American Revolution did not overturn the social order, but it did produce substantial changes in social customs, political institutions, and ideas about society and government. Among the changes were the separation of church and state in some places, the abolition of slavery in the North, written political constitutions, and a shift in political power from the eastern seaboard toward the frontier. The first weak government, the Articles of Confederation, was unable to exercise real authority, although it did successfully deal with the western lands issue. The Confederation’s weakness in handling foreign policy, commerce and the Shays Rebellion spurred the movement to alter the Articles. Instead of revising the Articles, the well-off delegates to the Constitutional Convention created a charter for a whole new government. In a series of compromises, the convention produced a plan that provided for a vigorous central government, a strong executive, the protection for property, while still upholding republican...
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...Constitution of the United States. Although similar in some aspects, very different in others. The articles had many weaknesses that were changed in the Constitution. There were many compromises made between the states in order to effectively draft the Constitution. Roger Sherman’s Plan kept the Constitutional Convention together which was later known as the Great Compromise. The fight for the Constitution had just begun and the ratification processes needed to take place. Even with some states being in favor of the Constitution it would take time to get the nine states needed to complete this process. The states in favor would called themselves The Federalist and those opposed were called the Anti-Federalist. The Federalist set out to change the mind of the remaining states with a series of letters that were written to newspapers. The Articles of Confederation were used as a base for the Constitution. The ideas from the Articles of Confederation were used in the writing of the Constitution. Both the Articles and the Constitution established “federal” systems of multiple sovereigns whose continued existence was constitutionally guaranteed. Despite the fact that both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution established federal systems, there were certain fundamental differences between the two systems. The Articles of Confederation gave states the power of federal government whereas the Constitution derived its authority from the whole people of the nation, not just a single...
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...Constitution are the historical documents that have been the building blocks of democracy that America is known for today. The Articles of Confederation are in many way an extension of what makes up the United States Constitution. In 1777, there wear a combination of thirteen states that came together to mold a type of government document that the United States could determine as “central” style of government. These states included New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. By late 1787, the Articles of Confederation were replaced by a more complete United States Constitution. There are several differences and similarities that lead to this American government transformation. The origination of the Articles of Confederation were a dynamic that was set into place in order to safeguard the union of states from any foreign control. It was a time in which the newly born states were yearning to be a set of sovereign states but stay independent from British colony control. Thus, the Articles of Confederation were originated. There were several important aspects of the Articles of Confederation that helped the United States reach a somewhat government goal. In the articles, states were allowed to collect taxes from its citizens in order to further the development and provide the necessities of that state. Each individual state was permitted to do business...
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...1) Discuss how the Mont Pèlerin Conference changed America view of manufacturing and trade. First I will explain what in general the Mont Pèlerin Conference is, which economic view they represented. Moreover I want to deal with people who are allowed and why they are allowed to join this Conference and which goals they pursue. In general the Mont Pèlerin Conference depended on a meeting which was formed by Friedrich von Hayek in 1947 at Mont Pèlerin in Switzerland. He invited 36 people who followed in a strict sense of liberalism, particularly the economic liberalism. Under these people were above all, economist, but, e.g., also philosophers, historians and politicians. Under it were also some Nobel Prize Laureates in economics and peace. Most of the people were Europeans, only two reluctant Americans took part on this meeting. Surprisingly this meeting was most supported from the american free market and libertarian groups. The goal of this conference was to discuss the view and the roll of the liberalism after the Second World War. The scholars gave on the meeting to level-economic and state interventionist's broads attempts a refusal and looked at a restoration of political freedom and free market economy as an inalienable condition of a lasting future protection after the Second World War. Thus the uppermost aim of the Mont Pèlerin Conference was the creation of a free market economy, above all to free trade and and the world peace originating from it. They thought that...
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...Architecture was imported from the Old World. Literature was a struggling industry, as most Americans couldn’t afford to buy books, and there were few libraries. Also, there was no freedom of the press until after the Zenger case. 14. What were the facts of the Zenger case? Why so important? Zenger wrote things critical of the royal governor, which was illegal at the time. However, he never lied, and only wrote facts. His lawyer, Andrew Hamilton, defended him excellently and Zenger won, setting a precedent for the future. 15. How were colonial governments similar? Different? Some colonies had (8) royal governors(GA, SC, NC, VA, NJ, NY. MA, NH), some (3) proprietary (MD, PA, DE), and some (2) elected their governors (RI and CT). Almost all had a 2-house legislature though. Most legislatures could set the taxes (taxation WITH representation). However, many people were far from their centers of government, since they were usually on the coast. 16. How did France finally find success in their New World ventures? They colonized Canada, and founded Quebec. They used the fur trade to prosper, trading guns for furs with the local Indians. 17. Where did the French settle? Describe...
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...Paper No. 09-008 Reconciling Originalism and Precedent John O. McGinnis Northwestern University – School of Law Michael B. Rappaport University of San Diego – School of Law Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 103, No. 2, 2009 Copyright 2009 by Northwestern University School of Law Northwestern University Law Review Printed in U.S.A. Vol. 103, No. 2 RECONCILING ORIGINALISM AND PRECEDENT John O. McGinnis∗ & Michael B. Rappaport** INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 I. PRECEDENT, ORIGINALISM, AND THE CONSTITUTION ................................................... 4 A. B. C. II. A. B. C. D. E. F. The Supposed Conflict Between Originalism and Precedent ............................ 5 A Short History of Precedent ............................................................................... 7 The Consistency of Originalism and Precedent ............................................... 21 The Supermajoritarian Theory of Constitutional Originalism........................ 28 The Relative Benefits of Original Meaning and Precedent ............................. 29 Precedent Rules .................................................................................................. 34 Factors Relevant to Beneficial Precedent Rules .............................................. 41 The Contrast with Other Approaches to Precedent ......................................... 44...
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...New Nationalism and Teddy Roosevelt: The new ideals of federal intervention, social justice and economic welfare for the Nation. Abstract In 1901 when President McKinley was assassinated, Roosevelt confronted sentiment, especially from the older members of the Republican Party, that he was not the right person to lead the country, often referring to him as “His Accidency.” Roosevelt was interested in quickly changing the mood of the country and establishing his legitimacy to his new position. He did so by introducing a “New Nationalist” form of Progressivism. When Roosevelt was sworn in, the Progressive Party had already been developing and growing since the end of the 19th century. It advocated for reforms and the lead of the government in changing society’s problems in response to socio-economic and political imbalances. Such thinking was a radical change in the country’s mindset, with earlier efforts supporting private efforts to solve the nation’s ills. The Progressive party had a broad platform, but the overall goal was for government to implement and lead efforts to alter societal inequalities. The Progressives called for eliminating corruption in the federal government as well as supporting a social welfare program, the women’s vote, penal system reform, and prohibition. Although the issue of civil rights for African-Americans was of concern of some members, this issue was not formally included in any of the Progressive party’s literature. With the support of...
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...RESEARCH and WRITING CUSTOM EDITION Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener ISBN 0-558-55519-5 Research and Writing, Custom Edition. Published by Pearson Custom Publishing. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing. Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. New York, New York 10036 To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. Permission in writing must be obtained from the publisher before any part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system. All trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, and registered service marks are the property of their respective owners and are used herein for identification purposes only. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-536-97722-4 2005240359 AP Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0-558-55519-5 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING ...
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...Fordham Law Review Volume 55 | Issue 6 Article 5 1-1-1987 Constructive Discharge Under the ADEA: An Argument for the Intent Standard Ira M. Saxe Recommended Citation Ira M. Saxe, Constructive Discharge Under the ADEA: An Argument for the Intent Standard, 55 Fordham L. Rev. 963 (1987), http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol55/iss6/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Fordham Law School Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Law Review by an authorized administrator of The Fordham Law School Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact melnick@law.fordham.edu. CONSTRUCTIVE DISCHARGE UNDER THE ADEA: AN ARGUMENT FOR THE INTENT STANDARD INTRODUCTION The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended 1 (ADEA), prohibits employers2 from discriminating on the basis of age against individuals forty years of age or older.' An employer may not trine of constructive discharge,7 which occurs when the employer creates discharge4 an employee within the protected group based on his age, 5 except as provided by law. 6 In addition, the ADEA recognizes the docworking conditions so intolerable that a reasonable employee would be 1. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, Pub. L. No. 90-202, 81 Stat. 602 (1967) (codified as amended at 29 U.S.C. §§ 621-34 (1982 & Supp. III 1985)), as amended by Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments of 1986, Pub. L No. 99592, 100 Stat. 3342...
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...Blues vs Country music According to Etta James in an interview with American Chronicle: "The Blues and country are first cousins ... What I look for in a song is for the story to be for real. I like a blood and guts kind of thing. That's what you find in the lyrics of country music." Blues and country music both developed in the 19th century in the Southern United States. They share a similar history. For this reason, they share many of the same musical and lyrical characteristics. Read more: How to Compare Blues & Country Music | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_5888119_compare-blues-country-music.htInstructions 1. * 1 Learn the history behind blues and country music. They are both forms of American folk music influenced by earlier styles brought overseas. Blues music grew out of field hollers and chants sung by African slaves. Irish and Scottish balladeers borrowed the guitar and banjo of blues and thus created "country". According to Reebee Garofalo in "Rockin' Out: Popular Music in the USA", "Terms like country and blues are only used to separate the same kind of music made by blacks and whites ... designations like race and hillbilly intentionally separated artists along racial lines and conveyed the impression that their music came from mutually exclusive sources." Country is an offshoot of blues. They are essentially the same thing. In the PBS special, "Rhythm, Country and Blues," country is referred to as "white man's blues." * 2 Listen to...
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...fourth EDItION fourth EDItION This clear, learner-friendly text helps today’s students bridge the gap between Its comprehensiveness allows instructors to tailor the material to their individual teaching styles, resulting in an exceptionally versatile text. Highlights of the Fourth Edition: Additional readings and essays in a new Appendix as well as in Chapters 7 and 8 nearly double the number of readings available for critical analysis and classroom discussion. An online chapter, available on the instructor portion of the book’s Web site, addresses critical reading, a vital skill for success in college and beyond. Visit www.mhhe.com/bassham4e for a wealth of additional student and instructor resources. Bassham I Irwin Nardone I Wallace New and updated exercises and examples throughout the text allow students to practice and apply what they learn. MD DALIM #1062017 12/13/09 CYAN MAG YELO BLK Chapter 12 features an expanded and reorganized discussion of evaluating Internet sources. Critical Thinking thinking, using real-world examples and a proven step-by-step approach. A student ' s Introduction A student's Introduction everyday culture and critical thinking. It covers all the basics of critical Critical Thinking Ba ssha m I Irwin I Nardone I Wall ace CRITICAL THINKING A STUDENT’S INTRODUCTION FOURTH EDITION Gregory Bassham William Irwin Henry Nardone James M. Wallace King’s College TM bas07437_fm_i-xvi.indd i 11/24/09 9:53:56 AM TM Published by McGraw-Hill...
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