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KALIGIRANG KASAYSAYAN NG NOLI ME TANGERE
Kaligirang kasaysayan ng Noli Me Tangere Introduksyon Ang Noli Me Tangere ay isang nobelang isinulat ni Jose Rizal, at inilathala noong 1887, sa Europa. Hango sa Latin ang pamagat nito at "huwag mo akong salingin" ang ibig sabihin nito. Kinuha ito ni Rizal sa ebanghelyo ni Juan: 20: 13-17 sa Bibliya na tumutukoy kung paano pinagsusuot ng mga patalastas ang mga may ketong upang lubayan sila ng mga nakakasalubong nila. Mas madalas itong tinatawag na Noli; at ang salin sa Ingles nito ay Social Cancer. kasaysayan ng noli me tangere Unang nobela ni Rizal ang El Filibusterismo. Inilathala ito noong 26 taong gulang siya. Makasaysayan ang aklat na ito at naging instrumento upang makabuo ang mga Pilipino ng pambansang pagkakakilanlan. Sa di-tuwirang paraan, nakaimpluwensiya ang aklat ni Rizal sa rebolusyon subalit si Rizal mismo ay isang nananalig sa isang mapayapang pagkilos at isang tuwirang representasyon sa pamahalaang Kastila. Sinulat sa wikang Kastila ang Noli, ang wika ng mga edukado noong panahong yaon. Sinimulan ni Rizal ang nobela sa Madrid, Espanya. Kalahati nito ay natapos bago siya umalis ng Paris, at natapos ito sa Berlin, Alemanya. Inilaan ni Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, isang bantog na manunulat, ang kaniyang serbisyo bilang tagapayo at tagabasa. Bumuo ng kontrobersya ang nobelang ito kung kaya't pagkatapos lamang ng ilang araw na pagbalik ni Rizal sa Pilipinas, tinanggap ni Gobernador-Heneral Terrero sa Malacañang at inabisuhang puno ng subersibong ideya ang Noli. Pagkatapos ng usapan,napayapa ang liberal ng Gobernador Heneral ngunit nabanggit niya na wala siyang magagawa sa kapangyarihan ng simbahan na gumawa ng kilos laban sa nobela ni Rizal. Mahihinuha ang persekusyon sa kaniya sa liham ni Rizal sa Litoměřice: "Gumawa ng maraming ingay ang libro ko; kahit saan, tinatanong ako ukol rito. Gusto nila akong gawing excommunicado dahil doon . . . pinagbibintangan akong espiya ng mga Aleman, ahente ni Bismarck, sinasabi nila na Protestante ako, isang Mason, isang salamangkero, isang abang kaluluwa. May mga bulong na gusto ko raw gumawa ng plano, na mayroon akong dayuhang pasaporte at gumagala ako sa kalye pagkagat ng dilim ... " Kasaysayan Sinimulang sulatin ni Dr. Jose P. Rizal ang mga unang bahagi ng "Noli Me Tangere" noong 1884 sa Madrid noong siya ay nag-aaral pa ng medisina. Nang makatapos ng pag-aaral, nagtungo siya sa Paris at doon ipinagpatuloy ang pagsusulat nito. At sa Berlin natapos ni Rizal ang huling bahagi ng nobela.1885 Ang pagsusulat ng "Noli Me Tangere" ay bunga ng pagbasa ni Rizal sa "Uncle Tom's Cabin" ni Harriet Beacher Stowe, na pumapaksa sa kasaysayan ng mga aliping Negro sa kamay ng mga panginoong putting Amerikano. Inilarawan dito ang iba't ibang kalupitan at pagmamalabis ng mga Puti sa Itim. Inihambing niya ito sa kapalarang sinapit ng mga Pilipino sa kamay ng mga Kastila. Sa simula, binalak ni Rizal na ang bawat bahagi ng nobela ay ipasulat sa ilan niyang kababayan na nakababatid sa uri ng lipunan sa Pilipinas at yaon ay pagsasama-samahin niyang upang maging nobela. Ngunit hindi ito nagkaroon ng katuparan, kaya sa harap ng kabiguang ito, sinarili niya ang pagsulat nang walang katulong. Ipinaliwanag ni Rizal sa kanyang liham sa matalik niyang kaibigang si Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt ang mga dahilan kung bakit niya isinulat ang "Noli." Ang lahat ng mga ito ay maliwanag na inilarawan sa mga kabanata ng nobela. Ang pamagat ng "Noli Me Tangere" ay salitang Latin na ang ibig sabihin sa Tagalog ay "Huwag Mo Akong Salingin" na hango sa Ebanghelyo ni San Juan Bautista. Itinulad niya ito sa isang bulok sa lipunan na nagpapahirap sa buhay ng isang tao. BUOD NG KASAYSAYAN ng NOLI ME TANGERE Enero 2, 1884 Mayroong isang pagdiriwang ng mga mag-aaral na Pilipino ng Central University of Madrid sa Espanya. Nakasama ni Rizal sina Jaena, Valentin Ventura at ang magkakapatid na Paternos. Inimungkahi ni Rizal sa kanyang mga kasamang Pilipino saMadrid na sumulat sila ng isang novelang hango sa masamangkalagayan ng mga Pilipino sa Pilipinas sa ilalim ng pamumuno ngKastila at ang lahat ay sumang-ayon. Inimungkahi ni Rizal napangkat sila upang mailahad ang lahat ng pananaw. Ang mungkahi ni Rizal na sumulat “bilang pangkat” ang novela ay hindi natupad sapagkat ang iba, sa halip na umpisahan angnovela ay nalihis ang perspektibo at ukol sa babae na ang naisisulat. Nalulon ang lahat maliban kay Rizal sa sugal at pambabae kaya napabayaan ang napagkasunduan. 1885 Inumpisahan ni Rizal ang pagsulat sa novela sa Madrid atnatapos ang unang kalahati. Pagkatapos ng kanyang pag-aara sa CUM, ipinagpatuloy ni Rizal ang pagsusulat sa novela sa Paris, Fransya kung saan nataposniya ang kalahati ng ikawalang kalahati ng novela. April-June 1886 Sa loob ng mga buwan na ito, tinapos ni Rizal ang novela sa Wilhelmsfeld, Alemanya ngunit wala pang pamagat. Disyemebre, 1886 Hindi napadalhan si Rizal ng perang panggastos mula sa Pilipinas kaya siya’y nagutom at nagkasakit. Sa kanyang pagkagutom, siya ay dumadalo sa mga pagdiriwang nang hindinaman inaanyaya (gate crasher). Halos nawalan na siya ng pag-asa na mailimbag ang novela kaya napag-isipang sunugin ito.Salamat na lamang at dumating si Dr. Maximo Viola, isang datingkamag-aaral na siyang tumulong kay Rizal sa pagpapalathala ngnovela at nagbigay ng pera upang matugunan ang mgapangangailangan. Pebrero 21, 1887 Inayos ni Rizal ang orihinal na manuskrito ng novela upang mahanda sa paglathala. Napili niya ang bahay-palimbagan na Berliner-Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft. Nagpalathala siyaang 2, 000 sipi sa halaga lamang ng P300.00. Marso 5, 1887 Habang iniimprenta ang novela ni Rizal, saka lang siya nakapagdesisyon ng pamagat para dito. Sa kanyang sulat kay Felix R. Hidalgo, binanggit ni Rizal na hinugot niya ang pamagat na “Noli Me Tangere” sa Ebanghelyo ni Lucas. Ngunit nagkamali si Rizal sa pagbanggit ng pinagkunan dahil nakuha niya ito sa Ebanghelyo ni Juan, Kapitulo 20, versikulo 13-17. Ang bahaging ito bibliya ay nagsalaysay sa araw ng “Easter Sunday,” ang ikatlong araw ng kamatayan ni Kristo kung saan nabuhay siya muli at nagkita sila ni Maria Magdalena: “Huwag mo akongsalingan, dahil hindi ko nakasasama ang aking Ama sa langit.” Marso 21, 1887 Inilabas na ang novelang Noli Me Tangere ni Rizal sa publiko sawikang Kastila. Mayo 5, 1887 Sinulatin ni Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor si Rizal. Pinuri ni Regidor ang novela at inihambing pa sa Uncle Tom’s Cabin at Don Quixote ng Espanya.

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