A Final Report On

A C PROGRAM TO SEARCH FOR PATTERN IN VARIOUS FILES WITHOUT USING GREP COMMAND

TABLE OF CONTENTS          Introduction Review of Literature Problem Statement Objectives of the project System flowchart and logical diagram Complete work Plan with timelines Expected outcome of the study Conclusion Bibliography

INTRODUCTION Grep is a powerful tool to search files for some phrase or any expression. Grep searches an input file for lines containing a match to a given pattern list. When it finds a match in a line, it copies the line to standard output (by default). We can redirect the screen output into another file and then manipulate it. Though grep expects to do the matching on text, it has no limits on input line length other than available memory, and it can match arbitrary characters within a line. If the final byte of an input file is not a newline, grep silently supplies one. Since newline is also a separator for the list of patterns, there is no way to match newline characters in a text. The syntax of the Grep command is grep [options] expression [file ( s ) ] which means “global regular expression print” This program deals with searching various patterns from a file without using grep or any other inbuilt command. It also includes searching with the help of regular expression. Besides, some of the options of grep command have also been included.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE Grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines matching a regular expression. Grep was originally developed for the UNIX operating system, but is available today for all Unix-like systems. Grep was created, in an evening, by Ken Thompson as a standalone application adapted from the regular expression parser he had written for ed (which he also created). In ed, the command g/re/p would print all lines matching a previously defined pattern. Grep's official creation date is given as March 3, 1973, in the Manual for Unix Version with the increasing popularity of regular expression, the text editor “ed” include a functionality using which one can print the lines, in the currently edited file, which matches a regular expression. The main options flags used by grep are: `-c `–count: Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching lines for each input file. With the `-v‟, `–invert-match‟ option, count non-matching lines. `-n’ `–line-number: Prefix each line of output with the line number within its input file. `-o’ `–only-matching: Print only the part of matching lines that actually matches pattern. `-q’ `–quiet’ `–silent: Quiet; do not write anything to standard output. Exit immediately with zero status if any match is found, even if an error was detected. Also see the `-s‟ or `–no-messages‟ option. `-v’ `–invert-match: Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines. `-x’ `–line-regexp: Select only those matches that exactly match the whole line.

A variety of grep implementations are available in many operating systems and software development environments. Early variants included egrep and fgrep, introduced in version 7 unix . The "egrep" variant applies an extended regular expression syntax that was added to Unix after Ken Thompson's original regular expression implementation. The "fgrep" variant searches for any of a list of fixed strings using the Ahocorasick string matching algorithm. These variants persist in most modern grep implementations as command-line switches (and standardized as -E and -Fin posix). In such combined implementations, grep may also behave differently depending on the name by which it is invoked, allowing fgrep, egrep, and grep to be links to the same program file. Other commands contain the word "grep" to indicate that they search (usually for regular expression matches). The pgrep utility, for instance, displays the processes whose names match a given regular expression. In the perl programming language, grep is the name of the built-in function that finds elements in a list that satisfy a certain property. This higher-order function is typically named filter in functional programming languages. The pcregrep command is an implementation of grep that uses Perl regular expression syntax. This functionality can be invoked in the GNU version of grep with the -P flag. This project performs the task of grep commands without using grep command. In this project we string functions and loops are used.

PROBLEM STATEMENT A C PROGRAM TO SEARCH FOR PATTERN IN VARIOUS FILES WITHOUT USING GREP COMMAND While implementing this project, I faced a few problems. These are discusses below:  For the pattern of type “b[eo]at” , three strings are used:  Str for b  Or for [  Str1 for at When I compiled it for the first time it returned a garbage value, so I had to include some extra step and I assigned a null character at the end of each string.  str[c1]='\0';  or[c2]='\0';  str1[c3]='\0';  For the pattern of type “ya*y”, the our program could not search for the pattern like “yy” so I used a for loop to count the zero occurrence of „a‟ for(j=0;j