...Why Singapore separated From Malaya In 1965? On August 7, 1965, Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman, seeing no alternative to avoid further bloodshed, advised the Parliament of Malaysia that it should vote to expel Singapore from Malaysia. Despite last-ditch attempts by PAP leaders, including Lee Kuan Yew, to keep Singapore as a state in the union, the Parliament on August 9, 1965 voted 126-0 in favour of the expulsion of Singapore, with members of Parliament from Singapore not present. On that day, a tearful Lee Kuan Yew announced that Singapore was a sovereign, independent nation and assumed the role of prime minister of the new nation. His speech included this quote: "For me, it is a moment of anguish. All my life, my whole adult life, I have believed in merger and unity of the two territories. Hence, Singapore became the only country in the history of the modern world to gain independence against its own will. Under constitutional amendments passed in December of that year, the new state became the Republic of Singapore, with the Yang Di- Pertuan Negara becoming President, and the Legislative Assembly becoming the Parliament of Singapore. These changes were made retroactive to the date of Singapore's separation from Malaysia. The Malaya and British Borneo Dollar remained legal tender until the introduction of the Singapore dollar in 1967. Before the currency split, there was a discussion about a common currency between the Malaysian and Singaporean Governments. A union...
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...he said Bruneians need to shed their preference towards Government and being ‘picky’ towards employment may hinder growth of a nation. Measures had been taken in by Immigration and Labour Department, in which the introduction of Employment Order 2009 which applies to locals and foreigners. In the newly imposed Order, it promises the better protection of employees' rights which the country has previously been scrutinized for, by international organizations and...
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...resulting in a breakdown of trust between communities. Explanation According to the definition by United Nations’ Division for Social Policy and Development, a socially cohesive society is one where all groups have a sense of belonging, participation, inclusion, recognition and legitimacy. Definition Social cohesion can be seen as a multi-dimensional but complicated...
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...Question 1 Section 1 1.1 – P1 – US has maintained a certain degree of dominance in the region that has ensured some degree of regional stability. P2 – A fundamental branch of Chinese soft power and a cornerstone of the Beijing consensus is the multilateralism that characterizes China’s shifting diplomacy. P3 – The rise of East Asian multilaterals in the wake of the Asian financial crisis and the formation of new regional bodies, such as ASEAN +3, has been a direct response to the failures of APEC and the IMF. Conclusion – The harmonious engagement of regional actors in multilateral frameworks has significant capacity to contribute to regional stability, rendering Washington’s role as an extra regional balancer redundant. The rise of a unified East Asia will undoubtedly recalibrate regional security arrangements. 1.2 – The US is a regional balancer due to its hub-and-spoke system. Many theories support this such as hegemonic stability theory, which priorities unipolarity challenges from disputing the status quo but with the failure of IMF and China’s diplomacy shift, China has a more active role with the region becoming more influenced by Beijing Consensus. Regional collaboration has increased with ASEAN +3 of Japan, China, and South Korea. This shows a power shift away from the hub-and-spoke alliance system (Ward, Alex. 2013). Section 2 US will not be the indispensable power in East Asia in the time to come as they are slowly losing their power because ASEAN +3 are...
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...Chinese women cope with life in Singapore. As a migrant nation, the issue of immigration has always been an immanent theme in Singapore. In recent years, migrant workers in Singapore have come under scrutiny due to the scale at which foreigners are entering the country, with almost 1.5 million non-residents living in Singapore making up more than a quarter of our population of 5.4 million (Ministry of Manpower, 2013) of which many are also new citizens and permanent residents, who might be considered outsiders in some contexts. This influx of foreigners has always been a hot topic in Singapore, ranging from the common discourse of jobs being ‘stolen’ to domestic altercations being blown up by the media (see the curry incident; The Telegraph, 2011). Additionally, the recent announcement of the Population White Paper by the Singapore government was taken very negatively by the civil population as it initially planned to bolster the workforce by greatly increase the number of foreigners such that native Singaporeans would only comprise of a small percentage of the population (Population White Paper, 2013). As such, media and public discourse regarding immigration has been largely Singaporean-centric in nature, revolving around how foreigners have affected Singapore and its occupants; not enough has been done to investigate the experiences and conditions of migrants living in Singapore. This paper will focus on migrant Chinese women in Singapore, following their lived experiences...
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...What is Globalization? * Globalization is a phenomenon where there is greater interconnectivity and interdependence in our society. I. Interconnectivity – more connected to other people. Interconnectivity brings about communication and connection amongst people from different nations. II. Interdependence- we depend on other countries for food, resources and techonology etc. III. Globalization is brought about by the elimination of barriers * Physical barriers such as oceans, by building bridges from one side to another. Mountains; drilling through. (E.g Construction of Suez Canal so that ships can pass through to transport goods instead of travelling along the The Cape of Good Hope) * Non-physical barriers. With the introduction of World Wide Web, mobile phones and emails, it is easier to communicate with a person across the Earth. Inventions such as aircraft and modern ships make one easier to get to another country. Such technology makes the World ‘smaller’. Social and cultural aspects of Globalization Social Statistics have shown that people are travelling out of their homelands to study, live and work. This is due to the increased and improved transportation networks that make it easier for people to travel to a foreign place. More opportunities are opened up to people around the world. One is no longer limited only to the opportunities available in cities which he/she is borne in. * UN statistics * 1990: 26 million international migrants ...
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...Singapore: The Cultural Aspects Within ANT101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Instructor: Ronald Bolender Elena V. Parker June 12, 2011 The Cultural Aspects of Singapore I. Introduction II. The Primary mode of Subsistence III. Kinship A. Marriage B. Family IV. Social and Political Organization A. Religion B. Race C. Culture V. Conclusion Singapore: The Cultural Aspects Within The Singapore Culture consists of various ethnic backgrounds. They are alike in some ways and different in others. The culture consists of different organizations that describe the many aspects related to its culture. I hope to learn more as I continue my research of the Singapore culture. I think that I will find it quite similar to that of the American culture. Singapore was a part of the British Malaya for many centuries. The British came to an island and set up a port and colony, in the year 1918. For over two centuries the British ruled Singapore and its port. During this time Singapore attracted many migrants. Singapore became a republic, independent nation, after World War II. It remains the same today. The Singapore Population is made up of Chinese, Malays, Indians, Caucasians, and Eurasians. Singaporean culture is best described as a melting pot of mainly Chinese, British, Malay, Indian cultures; A reflection of its immigrant history. Despite rapid industrialization, the majority of Singaporeans celebrate the major festivals...
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...General Information about Singapore Background and brief history 1819: Sir Stamford Raffles founded Singapore as a British trading post. Mid-1860s: Singapore became a major port-of-call for ships plying between Europe and East Asia, thanks to the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and a new technology: the steamship. The country continues to look for ways to exploit new technologies to ensure its survival and well-being. Around 1900: Before the close of the 19th century, Singapore enjoyed unprecedented prosperity and trade expanded eightfold between 1874 and 1913. It attracted immigrants (the first foreign talents) from around the region. 1941: The peace and prosperity ended when Japanese aircraft bombed the sleeping city in the early hours of 8 December. Singapore fell to the Japanese on 15 February 1942 and was renamed Syonan (Light of the South). It remained under Japanese occupation for three-and-a-half years. 1945: Singapore reverted to British administration when the British forces returned in September, but not to the home they had left. The seeds of nationalism had been sown by the Japanese, who had demonstrated that an Asian power could overthrow a Western colonial power. 1948: When the Communist Party of Malaysia tried to take over Malaya and Singapore by force, a state of emergency was declared in June. The emergency lasted for 12 years. Some of the tactics used to defeat the Communists (such as hamletting, where villagers are placed...
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...Ministry of Home Affairs directed REACH to present a report on the underlying issues for the lack of sense of belonging in Singaporean youths. REACH sought NYC’s inputs as we have direct dealings with youths. Our Prime Minister highlighted the importance of the Singapore spirit to maintain a Singaporean core in our society. It needed to be instilled in the next generation of youths to sustain the core into the future. Losing the Singapore spirit could translate into individuals not knowing the cause, the community and the country to defend or die for. This discernment is becoming a concern as more Singaporeans are studying or working abroad. Data for this report was obtained from: (1) the Census of Population 2010, to study the trends of the Singapore Population so as to better understand the characteristics of the evolving generations; (2) the Youth Study by the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), to analyse the changing aspirations of young Singaporeans. The key findings on the cause of the dilution of the Singaporean spirit in youths, causing them to feel uncomfortable in their own home-land were: (1) Low receptiveness to the inundation of foreign talents and (2) Educational barriers to engagement with Singapore. RECEPTIVENESS problemS The...
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...TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE 1. Federation of Malaya 1948 The Federation of Malaya in 1948 was a federation of 11 states which comprised the nine Malay states and two of the British Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca which existed from 1 February 1948 to 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957, and in 1963 was reconstituted as Malaysia with the addition of Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak. The combination of states that formerly made up the Federation of Malaya is currently known as Peninsular Malaysia. The 11 states officially formed a single British crown colony known as the Malayan Union on 1 April in 1946 which was result by the effort of British to improve administrative efficiency via establish a united state as a milestone for the final self-government of Malaya. But, the Malayan Union scheme needed to sacrifice the Malay sovereignty within the Malay states and also extend the common citizenship to immigrant communities. It regarded as a heavy hit to the position of Malay politics. The British were so surprised the strength of the Malay feeling. They received report from Sir Edward Gent and Mc Donald, which is pointed out how great of the Malay opposition was. Widespread Malay opposition to the scheme prompted the British to pursue confidential consultations with representatives of the newly formed United Malays National Organization (UMNO) and the Malay rulers. The decision to replace the Malayan Union with a federation was made by...
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...history, fundamentally altering its international relations and social dynamics. Before 1941, Australia maintained a strong alliance with Britain, relying on its support during conflicts like World War I. However, the Fall of Singapore left Australia vulnerable and disillusioned with British assistance, prompting a shift toward the United States for military aid. This new partnership led to cultural exchanges that resulted in a rise in "war brides," challenging traditional Australian views on relationships. At the same time, the war intensified fears of Japanese and other immigrant communities, leading to internment and discriminatory policies that deepened societal divisions. Thus, Japan’s entry into the war not only reshaped Australia’s foreign alliances but also significantly influenced its social landscape, reflecting a complex mix of admiration, envy, and injustice....
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...AIA103 Australia New World Nation 3. Since the late 1940s, Australia has been transformed from a monocultural ‘British’ society to become one of the most racially and culturally diverse nations in the world. How would you explain this? Today, Australia is considered as one of the most successful nations in building a tolerant, inclusive, and culturally diverse society. Many people are willing to live in this land. However, the pace to this successful society is very tough. For the first 50 years of federation Australia, this country was a monocultural ‘British’ society. Most migrants came from Britain. Since the late 1940s, more people from different countries immigrate to Australia. Most of them are European migrants after World War II. This phenomenon triggered defensive reactions by the previous dominant of Anglo-Australians (Nichols, 2011). The dominant wanted to assimilate the immigrants at the first stage, but some conflicts occurred during this process. Then, the immigration policy has been changed from assimilationsm to multiculturalism. After the start of federation of Australia in 1901, the government utilized White Australia Policy to all Australians, preventing anyone to enter Australia unless they were from Britain and trying to make this country into an English-speaking, Anglo-Australian cultural one. At that time, English is the first language being spoken by above 95 per cent people in Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2002). Britain...
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...Corporate Concrete Jungle Michael Pohling Abstract: This paper analyzes the staggeringly low fertility rate in Singapore and compares it to countries around the world. The research strives to find a highly statistically significant variable through simple linear regression analysis that attributes to the low fertility rate. The paper then provides a logical way to manipulate this variable to promote a sustainable fertility rate for the future growth and development of the country. 1. Introduction It is undeniable that the future of a country depends on the ability of the population to promote a healthy rate of economic and social growth through a sustainable fertility rate. This truth is particularly evident in the country of Singapore because the fertility rate directly attributes to the growth of the completely urban economic environment within the city-state. The estimated total fertility rate of .79 in Singapore is lower than any other country in the world (CIA 2013). This low and downward-trending figure is arguably the single most relevant concurrent issue within the city-state that will have direct negative impact on the economic and social longevity of the country if no solution is found. 2. Discussion and Analysis: Finding the root of the problem A low fertility rate is inherently a self-reinforcing effect in a developed society such as Singapore. As the birthrate falls, the population for each new generation that will mature and become responsible for future...
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...OUTLINE: Topic - Impact of Migration: Focus on Philippines I. Introduction Ia. Defining Migration a.1 Kinds of Migration a.2 Who are Migrants a.3 Factors of Migration a.4 Reasons for Migration II. Review of Related Literature III. History of Migration and its Policies III.a. Migration Policies - Critique III.b. Statistics b.1.Number of Migrants b.2.Main destinations b.3.Occupations b.4.Sex b.5.Remittances III.c. Case Study c.1. Flor Contemplacion c.2. Angelo Dela Cruz c.3. Rodelio “Dondon” Lanuza IV. Impact of Saudization to Filipino OFWs V. Impact of Migration V.a. Impact of Migration to the Sending State a.1 Positive effects a.2 Negative effects V.b. Impact of Migration to the Receiving State b.1. Positive effects b.2. Negative effects VI. Implication of the Effects to the Philippines (Actions made to combat negative migration effects) VII. Implications of Migration to the Youth - Youth Migration VIII. Migration and Filipino Family Life, Society and Culture VIII.a. Effects on the family of an OFW VIII.b. Migration and Filipino Society IX. Solving Migration Problems X. Conclusion I. Introduction What is migration...
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...Malaysia was called "Malaya" at first, after independent from the British Colonisation in 1957. It was only made up of Malay Peninsula and Singapore Island. After a few years, Sabah and Sarawak decided to join Malaya to form Malaysia in 1963. However, Singapore seceded in 1965. Now, Malaysia is independent for 53 years. This multi-racial and multi-cultural country consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,845 square kilometres (127,354 sq mi). The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population stands over 28 million made up of Malays, Chinese, Indians and numerous ethnic groups. Malaysia gained its independent on August 31, 1957. Since independence Malaysia has had six Prime Ministers namely, Tunku Abdul Rahman the first Prime Minister and known as “Bapa Kemerdekaan” (Father of Independence), Tun Abdul Razak the second sitting Prime Minister, known as the Father of Development, Tun Hussein Onn was granted the soubriquet “Bapa Perpaduan” (Father of Unity) sited as the third Prime Minister ,Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad was the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia is the longest running leader in Asia serving for 22 years since 1981, the fifth Prime Minister was Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and the current Prime Minister is Dato' Sri Mohd. Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak. The national language is Bahasa Melayu, but English is widely spoken and understood, and taught as a second language...
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