...Sitting Bull (Lakota: Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake [tˣaˈtˣə̃ka ˈi.jɔtakɛ] in Standard Lakota Orthography,[2] also nicknamed Húŋkešni [ˈhʊ̃kɛʃni] or "Slow";[3] c. 1831 – December 15, 1890) was a Hunkpapa Lakota holy man who led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies. He was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him, at a time when authorities feared that he would join the Ghost Dance movement.[4] Before the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull had a vision in which he saw many soldiers, "as thick as grasshoppers," falling upside down into the Lakota camp, which his people took as a foreshadowing of a major victory in which a large number of soldiers would be killed.[5] About three weeks later, the confederated Lakota tribes with the Northern Cheyenne defeated the 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer on June 25, 1876, annihilating Custer's battalion and seeming to bear out Sitting Bull's prophetic vision. Sitting Bull's leadership inspired his people to a major victory. Months after their victory at the battle, Sitting Bull and his group left the United States for Wood Mountain, North-West...
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...1 INDIANS Donna Rose History204 Tami Depasse July 14, 2014 2 “Go West Young Man” (Greeley, H. 1865) and West is where we went. Which marked the beginning of the end of the American Indians way of life. A life that was once peaceful and prosperous for the Sioux Indians was about to change drastically. Throughout history, the Sioux Indians, had to fight physical and emotional battles, in trying to retain their land and dignity. Following a time line, the American Indians were treated unjustly, as I will show starting with the Bozeman Trail and continuing on with The Great Sioux Reservation, Custer’s expedition, Battle of the Little Big Horn, Ghost Dancers, Wounded Knee, Citizenship Act of 1924, The Indian Reorganization Act, and The American Movement(AIM). The terrains were rough, being brutal and forcibly tough, especially for the new settlers who came west, when there was talk of gold. John Jacobs and his partner John...
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...Sitting Bull was a man whose life story has changed over the years. No matter what the story read, he was a leader and protector of his people. With his power and reputations, it eventually got him killed. Comparing 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica and the 1998 Encyclopedia of World Biography on the articles of Sitting Bull, it is acknowledged that his birth place, his title, his punishment, and death all differentiate; Mostly because they each represent two very different time periods in American life, and although they are both articles on Sitting Bull, one is more in depth than the other. In the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, we learned an out dated version of the Sitting Bull. Sitting Bull was born in 1837 in Willow Creek, North Dakota. Taking after his father, Jumping Bull, he became a Chief and medicine man of Dakota Sioux. He led attacks on the white settlements in Iowa and Minnesota during the Civil War. However, Sitting Bull pretended to make peace; he still attacked the whites. He would not agree to go back to the reservation. “His refusal to return to the reservation in 1876 led to the campaign in which General George A. Custer and his command were massacred” (qtd. In Warm 1/26). Nervous he would be punished for his actions, Sitting Bull, and his people moved to Canada. After returning to the United States, rumors spread of the Indian Messiah coming to wipe out the whites. The Indians feared for their land and decided to arrest Sitting Bull. As stated in the 1911 Britannica...
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...George Custer led his first expedition into the Black Hills in 1874 in order to mine for gold. This land was supposed to belong to the Native Americans under the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty, but when choosing between upholding an Indian alliance and gold, the Americans chose the gold. On June 25th, 1876, Sitting Bull’s village of approximately 8000 Cheyenne and Lakota Indians was attacked by General Custer’s Seventh Cavalry in an effort to remove them from the land. While Sitting Bull did not actually participate in the battle, his nephews did. The battle resulted in the deaths of approximately 80 Lakotas and Cheyennes and the complete annihilation of Custer’s troops. The battle gained Sitting Bull fame among Native Americans as well as among whites, but also led to increased tension between Indians and Americans and resentment towards the Indians. In 1877, Sitting Bull moved to Canada due to the constant harassment he was suffering in America. After living in Canada for several years, Sitting Bull surrendered to the U.S. forces and conceded to settle on a reservation. Life was difficult for Sitting Bull on the reservation as the Indian agents did not recognize chiefs. Sitting Bull was, however, able to earn a living from his fame. He charged people to take his picture and even learned to sign his name in cursive so he could sell it to people for as much as two dollars per autograph. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody earned his nickname from allegedly killing 4280 buffalo...
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...The Battle of the Little Big Horn began on June 25, 1876 near the Little Big Horn River in eastern Montana. The battle took place between the U.S. Cavalry and northern tribe Indians. General George Crook and his column were resting along the rosebud, when randomly a mass force of Lakota warriors came flying out of the mountains. Crook and his men withstood the stampede and prevented the Wyoming colony from being overrun. Sitting Bull was an Indian leader of the Lakota tribe in the 19th century. He built large followings, and his native people knew he wouldn’t surrender or compromise with anyone. Sitting Bull refused to move his people to the whites, reservation, and he was the most important symbol of the Sioux resistance. The incursion allowed...
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...The Lakota’s have always been an honorable tribe, and Sitting Bull helped to keep this title for them throughout his life, and even after his death. He exemplifies the characteristics most admired within their culture. He helped to shape the future of Native American culture, even though it did not turn out to be the type of life that any of them would have wanted. No matter how the Lakota tribe felt towards sitting bull at the end of his time, he definitely made a positive impact during his life. Sitting Bull was especially famous for his bravery. He brought courage and triumph to everything he did, from religious gatherings to battles. Part of the reason why Sitting Bull was so popular among the Sioux has to deal with his battle strategies. The Sioux tribes participate in open combat during their battles, which involves hand to hand interactions, showing off their courage and bravery. Cowardice is not appreciated at all during battle, or in any aspect of Sioux life, which is why Sitting Bull stood out as a leader to both his friends and his enemies. He fought in battle with courage and honor, some things that were often found to lack in their enemies. At the beginning of his time as a Lakota warrior, Sitting Bull was a very respectable man. His first time going into battle, he helped to chase after a runaway enemy, killing him before he could kill another man. This was a big deal to himself as well as his tribe because normally young members of the tribe only watch during...
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...Christopher Williams History 102: American History Since 1877 April 27, 2014 The battle of Little Big Horn was a very significant battle in American history. Many of the battles in American history show the strength of the American military and the smarts of the leaders at that time. On the contrary, when it comes to the battle of Little Big horn it was one of the few low points in American military history. Even though history will prove that General Custer was one of the best General and leaders to ever lead but this battle is one of the low points of his career. This battle goes to show just how important it is to plan properly and ensure that you follow instruction that are given to you from your superiors. To begin the Battle of Little Bighorn took place at the river in Montana Territory on June 25, 1876. This was the first problem for the American Fighters because they had a very little knowledge of the terrain and the actual skill level of the Indians. Whenever you are a part of anytime of battle it is very important to ensure that you have as much intelligence as possible but that was not the case with General Custer. General Custer felt as though because of his war knowledge and his reputation that this would be another show of force in which him and his men would just run over the Indian and take exactly what they came from. As history shows whenever a military unit is overconfident they tend to become complacent which ultimately lead to failure of the mission...
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...Red Cloud Red Cloud was a warrior and a statesman. He was famous for his success in confrontations with the United States government this marked him as one of the most important Lakota leaders of the nineteenth century. His mother was an Oglala and his father, who died in Red Cloud's youth, was a Brulé Red Cloud, he was raised in the household of his maternal uncle, Chief Smoke. Red Cloud was born near the forks of the Platte River, Nebraska. He spent his early life at war against neighboring tribes. In 1841 he killed a neighboring clans chief which divided that tribe for 50 years. By doing this he obtained enormous respect within the Lakota nation for his leadership in territorial wars against neighboring tribes. In 1866, Red Cloud orchestrated the most successful war against the US ever fought by an Indian nation. The army was station along Bozeman Trail, which ran through the heart of Lakota territory. This area was filled with gold caravans of miners and settlers began to cross the Lakota's land, Red Cloud was haunted by the vision of Minnesota's expulsion of the Eastern Lakota in 1862 and 1863. For this he launched a series of assaults on the forts. On December of 1866, he won his most noticeable battle which was the crushing defeat of Lieutenant Colonel William Fetterman's column of eighty men just outside Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming. The garrisons feared further attacks through the winter. Red Cloud's strategies were so successful that by the end of 1868 the United States...
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... It all began in 1862, Settlers flooded the Dakota’s land, trying to push the Dakotas out and destroying everything in their path. The settlers took over their land and left the Dakota to starve and freeze. The settlers told the Dakota tribe that if they moved to their land they would pay them a large sum of money, so with no hesitation the tribe agreed to the deal and moved. Soon after the Dakota would learn the agreement was a scam. The leader of the tribe Little Crow decided to take action and start a war with the settlers to bring justice to his people. I believe Little Crow’s actions were justified, because he was trying to improve the lives of his tribe . One reason I believe Little Crow’s actions were justified is because, his motivation was to win the war for his people. For example the reading states, “ Little Crow knew he would need the leaders of her clan, men named Standing Buffalo, Sweet Corn, Scarlet Plume, and Red Iron to join the battle if the Dakota people were to have any chance of prevailing.” (Brown, 16) Little Crow knew that the settlers would have a larger army with more weapons, so for the sake of his tribe, he went to seek allies. This shows that Little Crow is not going to give up, and that he is determined to win the war. Another reason I believe Little Crow’s actions were justified is because, his people were starving and he needed to act fast. One of the Sioux doctors who came to help the tribe said, “Many died from starvation or disease caused by...
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...the Native Americans would win and it would be the last great battle that George Armstrong Custer would lose. Why did this battle even have to take place? The area where this battle took place was in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Exactly why were the Black Hills of South Dakota so important to the United States that they would violate the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 and sacrifice so many lives for? The principal antagonists were the Seventh Regiment of Cavalry of the United States Army which was under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, and a number of nomadic Indian tribes—Cheyenne, Sans Arcs, Miniconjoux Sioux, Oglala Sioux, Blackfeet, and Hunkpapa Sioux—under the general direction of Sioux Chief Sitting Bull, at least for the duration of the battle[i]. The United States Seventh Cavalry battle casualties amounted to 12 officers and 247 enlisted men. Sioux and allied tribe losses have never been accurately tabulated, but the estimates range from as little as 50 warriors up to 200 warriors. In many respects, the Battle of the Little Bighorn was a ‘last gasp’ of the Sioux and Cheyenne Indians, a final effort to prevent the large-scale white settlement of...
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...Black Hawk and his followers easily repulsed the Illinois militia in the war’s first encounter, the Battle Of Stillman’s Run, and the Indians fared well in a number of other early conflicts. As the weeks wore on, however, the strength of Black Hawk’s band began to lessen. Expected aid from other tribes and the British did not materialize, food supplies were quickly exhausted, and desertions, malnutrition, and illness took their toll. Black Hawk retreated northward through the Rock River valley, and in the final battle, or massacre, at the Bad Axe River in Wisconsin, most of the Indians, who were trying to make their way back across the Mississippi, were slaughtered. Black Hawk escaped but surrendered shortly thereafter. As a condition of peace,...
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...Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse Adora Purnell HIST 102: Survey of U.S. History April 22, 2015 Many may not know the history and story involving such great leaders as Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse who were very adamant and committed to preserving the Lakota’s values and the traditions of their way of life. They were known for having won many of the battles between the Lakota Nation and the U.S. Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull were two of the greatest leaders of the 19th Century and they fought tirelessly to keep the European settlers from taking their territory away from them in such confrontations as the Fetterman Massacre, and the Battle of Little Big Horn which was the greatest victory that the Native Americans had over the...
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...Abstract On June 25, 1876, the 7th Cavalry Regiment led by LTC George Armstrong Custer, went into the valley of the Little Bighorn. Unknowingly they were walking into the largest number of Indian warriors the world has ever seen. By the end of the day 210 soldiers would lay dead including Custer himself. The Battle of the Little Bighorn has become the most discussed and most popular battle of the Indian wars. It marked the greatest, and last, battle the American Indians would have over the Untied States Army. It was also the most devastating loss the U.S. Army would have in the Westward expansion of the Untied States. The news stunned the nation and led to an endless debate about the facts, strategy and tactics of the battle that continues to the his day. INTRODUCTION The Battle of Little Bighorn also known as Custer’s Last Stand. Took place in June 1876, in the little Bighorn Valley of Southeast Montana. The number of Sioux and Cheyenne warriors that the 7th Cavalry Regiment faced was approximately 4,500. The battle showed how the failure to use the Principals of War, Mass and Synchronization, helped cause the most devasting defeat that the U.S. Army ever received during the Indian Wars. And how the use of Mass and Concentration could affect a conflict. The primary resources used Custer’s Last Stand by Peter Panzeri and Custer’s Last Campaign by John S. Gray. STRATEGIC SETTING The road to war. In the 1860’s Sioux tribes roamed the great...
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...Those who saw the assembled encampment said they had never seen one larger. It had come together in March or April, even before the plains started to green up, according to the Oglala warrior He Dog. Indians arriving from distant reservations on the Missouri River had reported that soldiers were coming out to fight, so the various camps made a point of keeping close together. There were at least six, perhaps seven, cheek by jowl, with the Cheyennes at the northern, or downriver, end near the broad ford where Medicine Tail Coulee and Muskrat Creek emptied into the Little Bighorn River. Among the Sioux, the Hunkpapas were at the southern end. Between them along the river’s bends and loops were the Sans Arc, Brulé, Minneconjou, Santee and Oglala. Some said the Oglala were the biggest group, the Hunkpapa next, with perhaps 700 lodges between them. The other circles might have totaled 500 to 600 lodges. That would suggest as many as 6,000 to 7,000 people in all, a third of them men or boys of fighting age. Confusing the question of numbers was the constant arrival and departure of people from the reservations. Those travelers—plus hunters from the camps, women out gathering roots and herbs and seekers of lost horses—were part of an informal early-warning system. There were many late risers this morning because dances the previous night had ended only at first light. One very large tent near the center of the village—probably two lodges raised side by side—was filled with the elders...
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...Year goes to Sitting Bull! Sitting Bull is known as a chief, a man of bravery, leadership, and courage. He struggled for the survival of the lives of him and his people. Fight against white domination and assimilation he died as hero to many Native Americans. Sitting Bull’s Native American name is Tatanka-Iyotanka which describes a buffalo sitting unyieldingly on its rear end and legs. To his people in the Lakota area he’s known as Hunkpapa Lakota chief. He was born in 1831 near the Grand River which would now be called South Dakota. Sitting Bull is the Son of sioux warrior named Returns-Again. He wanted to follow his father's footsteps but lacked interest in warfare. Sitting bull is a man of His leadership qualities...
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