...EN1320 Final Research Paper | The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and keep it. (Gen. 2:15, Revised Standard Version) In the beginning man was given the responsibility for keeping the earth. As good care takers it’s our responsibility to ensure the survival of all the animals and plants on earth. The earth is made up of elements, and within those elements are the countless numbers of species, each interwoven within the fabric of life itself. The effects of man on the environment have a negative reaction to all other species. Studies of earth’s history show mass extinction events. Scientist project we are living within such an event. The world is heading toward imminent mass species extinction. A healthy earth may not be possible due to the irreversible effect brought on my man. Endangered plants and animals face the risk of becoming extinct, disappearing completely from the world of living things. Human survival has had such an effect on all other species around them. Hunting, fishing, or gathering may have reduced the populations of many species to levels too low for the species to survive, especially when there is a profitable trade in goods made from wild animals and plants. (Current Issues, 2010) The Earth should be big enough of all plants and animals to thrive but according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, humans are using about half the available land. (Wilson, 2012) The American Association...
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...of management | Term Paper on Application of Reinforcement TheoryIn Educational Setting | Submitted to: Ms. Jyoti Regmi Adhikary | Course Instructor (Organizational Behavior) | Kathmandu University School of Management | | | Submitted by: Neha Jatiya, BBA 5th Semester, Roll no: 11739 | 10/12/2014 | | Abstract Reinforcement theory has been a basis for understanding the behavioral implication of human beings for a long period of time. However, whether or not the application of these concepts in educational sector in Nepalese context is relevant is a matter of concern; particularly in absence of adequate research findings. The purpose of this article is to discuss the application and implications of reinforcement theory and its related aspects in educational context. Since reinforcement theory is much relevant in terms of explaining, predicting and controlling behavior of individuals, its application and implication should be studied extensively in each and every sector. Acknowledgements I wish to acknowledge the contributions of several individuals to the completion of term paper. I would like to thank our course instructor Ms. Jyoti Regmi Adhikary her effort and support. I also thank all those who helped me in the completion of this paper. Table of Contents ...
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...During the first lecture of this course, I was intrigued by the concept of ethnocentrism and assumed that I was not really an ethnocentric type of person. However, I was dangerously wrong: I started reading the research paper with the premonition that the steel axe greatly helped the Yir Yoront positively progress in society and help lift them out of a “third-world status,” so to speak. I initially viewed the stone axe as insignificant and the Yir Yoront as a culture that needed help. I think that Sharp anticipated this idea, perhaps because he also felt similarly before conducting his research over the significance of the axe to the Yir Yoront people. With that notion in mind, that makes me no different than the white men who I silently ridiculed in my mind as I read the paper. Sharp’s rhetoric lies within this notion of ethnocentrism and emphasizes the point that we cannot apply our beliefs to those of another culture in a vastly different world and society than us. The Yir Yoront people’s belief system was sacred, passed down and explained by the creation of myths and stories, and much to its demise, immensely...
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...The Global Warming Conspiracy The issue of climate change and the role humans have had in it is perhaps one of the most discussed topics of today. There are significant portions of the population that deny climate change, even though overwhelming evidence has proved climate change to be real. This causes serious problems in society. Daniel Kahneman’s article, “The Surety of Fools” discusses why people continue believing what they always have even when evidence proves them wrong. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) published several articles, including one called “Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet” detailing the research and facts that prove that climate change is, in fact, real. An article by David Runciman, “How...
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...Animal Rights First of you might ask what is animal rights? Well, animal rights are rights believed to belong to animals to live free from use in medical research, services to humans. The earliest animal rights has been around (theory, proposal or project wise) is by Percy Bysshe Shelley ,born from 1792-1822, it doesn’t exactly say when he proposed the idea but it had to have been early 1800’s. The first time it became a real thing was in 1970 by richard D. Ryder and was known as speciesism. There are plenty of rights for animals and I will be giving you the top 9 of them which are: Human overpopulation, property status of animals, veganism, factory farming, fish and fishing, animal experimentation (vivisection), hunting, fur, and animals...
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...CHANGES FOR THE BETTER Marilyn J. Holmes ENGL 101-B07 LUO (APA) Mr. Brian Powell Liberty University Changes For The Better “Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made” (John 1:3 New International Version). The environment is something that we as humans often take for granted. Making up everything that surrounds us, you would think that more of our population would take this blessing into more consideration. The actions we take for our environment do not compare to those taken against it. With it being a Christian’s responsibility to preserve and protect this God given Earth, we shall always try our hardest to fulfill his expectations. Sure we can put our recycling bins out on the curb once a week or maybe even pick up trash we see in our parks (which the average person refuses to do), but I feel that we need to take more responsibility and create a more healthy environment. We need to take charge and start promoting a more all-around environment conscious lifestyle to keep this blessing that God gave to us alive. Statistics have shown that the effects humans have on Earth are ever-growing and if we don’t change our ways now, who knows what the future may be like. The toll for not being “green” will definitely have a detrimental effect on us and our next generations. Environmental issues are growing before our eyes. Coral reefs are losing life which causes fish to have to survive without shelter, bees are disappearing leaving a huge...
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...Unit 1 Discussion Board Applying Learning Theories EDU622-1304C-02 Regina Dzwonar Most records acknowledged formal education as existing as least as far back as ancient Greece. The big three names universally known are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Education at this time was concerned mainly with reason, logic and philosophy. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle differed in preferences of extremes. Socrates is infamous for pushing limits while Aristotle preached balance. Many historians consider Plato the most sophisticated of the three; Socrates taught on the streets of Athens. Sources, such as the American Psychological Association, credit Plato, with founding the first formal institution of education, “After returning to Athens, Plato set up his own school, which was called the Academy. Philosophy and other subjects were taught there, and the Academy continued to produce scholars for many centuries after Plato died.” (Downey, 2006, para. 6). Aristotle, according to legend, was the teacher of Alexander the Great. The most notable theory from this time the Socratic Method, which consists of posing probing questions to students rather than espousing a hierarchy of knowledge. Brief History of its Founding Modern theories such as behaviorism, founded in the early twentieth century, are associated with theorists including Watson, Skinner, Pavlov and Thorndike. Watson known as the father of behaviorism proposed an alternative to the views of Wilhelm Wundt the founder of...
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...Buddhism William Brittelli University of Phoenix Buddhism “Teach this triple truth to all: A generous heart, kind speech, and a life of service and compassion are the things, which renew humanity.” Buddhism is considered the fourth largest religion in the world and was founded by Prince Siddhartha during the sixth century BC. Buddhism does not have a central belief of worshiping a universal creator or God; but rather focuses on growth of the individual. Buddhism philosophy teaches individuals to attain personal enlightenment, the persona of non-violence, and the ability to tolerance differences among people. Buddhism is less often referred to as organized religion and more often as a culture or way of life (Boeree, n.d.). “The secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn for the past, nor to worry about the future, but to live the present moment wisely and earnestly.” Prince Hiddhartha Gautama or the Buddha is the founder of Buddhism. His name means, “One who has achieved his aim.” When resting under a Bodhi Tree in Gaya, the prince gained his goal of enlightenment and experienced three spiritual breakthroughs; 1. He developed the ability to recall his past lives and life events resulting from death and reincarnation. 2. He learned that deeds, whether good or bad that occurred during past lives, directly relate to subsequent reincarnations. 3. He learned to attain nirvana. The Buddha learned...
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...world is impacted by human activities. Humans have historically tended to separate civilization from wildlife in a number of ways including the legal, social, and moral sense. This has been a reason for debate throughout recorded history. Religions have often declared certain animals to be sacred, and in modern times concern for the natural environment has provoked activists to protest the exploitation of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment. Literature has also made use of the traditional human separation from wildlife. Foods, Pets, Traditional Medicine: Anthropologists believe that the Stone Age peoples and hunter-gatherers relied on wildlife, both plants and animals, for their food. In fact, some species may have been hunted to extinction by early human hunters. Today, hunting, fishing, or gathering wildlife is still a significant food source in some parts of the world. In other areas, hunting and non-commercial fishing are mainly seen as...
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...Deforestation of the Amazonian Rainforest Tiffani Swank GE150 Survey of the Sciences Erica Price/Tuesday at 9:00 a.m. to 12:24 p.m. Earth’s natural resources are what we are extracting from the earth. Industries, which excavate the earth’s resources, include forestry, oil extraction, and mining. Present-day society is based upon a vast consumption of non-replaceable minerals and fuels such as coal, oil and natural gasses. Other materials such as cotton, wool timber and produce, if utilized wisely can be replenished. Is the carbon dioxide level higher, due to massive amounts of forest being cut down and the levels of carbon dioxide left in the atmosphere higher? Therefore, my hypothesis is that deforestation of the Amazon rainforest leads, not only, to a reduction of the amount of carbon dioxide taken out of the atmosphere, but also to an increased release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The earth’s natural resources are there for all of us to use. We need the water, food, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals that the earth’s natural resources give us. Therefore, keeping us fed, comfortable, healthy and alive. If we use the resources carefully then they will last indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon run out and all will suffer. The excessive waste is happening in our rainforest every minute of every day of...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Information The Cross River gorilla, Gorilla gorilla diehli (Matschie, 1904), a subspecies of the western gorilla, Gorilla gorilla, is found in contiguous forest patches bordering South-Southern Nigeria and South-Western Cameroon, an area recognized as a biodiversity hotspot characterized by species diversity and endemism (Edet, 2011). The subspecies is one of the most critically endangered primates of Africa (Oates et al., 2008; IUCN, 2013). The subspecies is also one of the world’s 25 most endangered primates (Mittermeier et al., 2009). As humans extend their land use, Cross River gorilla habitat is rapidly disappearing, and this may have adverse effects on number of individuals within the subspecies. The Cross River gorilla, Gorilla gorilla diehli, chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes vellorosus) and drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus), though legally protected by the Endangered Species Decree 11 of 1985, are some of the primates hunted for bushmeat and other purposes (Edet, 2011). The Major threat to the survival of the subspecies is lack of thorough conservation strategy necessary for its protection. The survival of this endangered species and ecosystems depends on long-term participation and understanding of local populations (Oates, 1999). Due to the close relationship between cultural diversity and biodiversity, traditional knowledge systems play an important role when developing species conservation and management strategies (Caldecott...
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...rehearsal by the client of progressively more difficult approach responses, and independent responses client performance of those (Bandura, 1976), This treatment package (also termed “contact desensitization” (Ritter, 1%8) has been used to attenuate fear responses to Bandura, targets such as snakes (e.g., Blanchard and Ritter, 1969; Blanchard, 1970; Ritter, 1968; Thase and Moss, 1976), heights (e.g., Ritter, 1969), water (e.g., Lewis, 1972*), rats (e.g., Lick and Bootzin, 1970), and dogs (MacDonald, 1975; Richards and Siegel, 1978). Comparative research would indicate that participant modeling is superior to other techniques commonly employed to promote fear reduction (Bandura, 1976), but Leitenberg (1976) notes a limitation to that research, namely its near exclusive focus on non clinical populations and targets. There are few reports on the use of participant modeling with chronic, debilitating fears (e.g., MacDonald, 1975). This paper describes the extension and refinement of participant modeling techniques as applied to a long-standing significant fear reaction. and clinically CASE HISTORY The client-j-, a 48-yr-old...
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...National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement LIFE SCIENCES Further Education and Training Phase Grades 10-12 basic education Department: Basic Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA CurriCulum and assessment PoliCy statement Grades 10-12 life sCienCes CAPS LIFE SCIENCES GRADES 10-12 department of Basic education 222 Struben Street Private Bag X895 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +27 12 357 3000 Fax: +27 12 323 0601 120 Plein Street Private Bag X9023 Cape Town 8000 South Africa Tel: +27 21 465 1701 Fax: +27 21 461 8110 Website: http://www.education.gov.za © 2011 department of Basic education isBn: 978-1-4315-0578-4 Design and Layout by: Ndabase Printing Solution Printed by: Government Printing Works CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT POLICY STATEMENT (CAPS) LIFE SCIENCES GRADES 10-12 FOREWORD by thE ministER Our national curriculum is the culmination of our efforts over a period of seventeen years to transform the curriculum bequeathed to us by apartheid. From the start of democracy we have built our curriculum on the values that inspired our Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). the Preamble to the Constitution states that the aims of the Constitution are to: • heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights; improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which...
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...Murdoch Business School Working Papers Factors Affecting the GRI Disclosures in the Annual Reports of Australian State Government Departments Dr Maria Mucciarone Murdoch Business School Professor Greg Tower - Curtin University Professor Mike Garner - Salisbury University Working Paper No.3 February 2012 The views presented in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Murdoch Business School or Murdoch University. Working papers are considered draft publications for critical comments by colleagues and will generally be expected to be published elsewhere in a more polished form after a period of critical engagement and revision. Comments on this paper should be directed to the authors at m.mucciarone@murdoch.edu.au; Greg.Tower@cbs.curtin.edu.au; rmgarner@salisbury.edu.au © Copyright is held by the author(s) of each working paper: No part of this publication may be republished, reprinted or reproduced in any form without the permission of the paper’s author(s). National Library of Australia. ISSN: 1837-6371 Factors Affecting the GRI Disclosures in the Annual Reports of Australian State Government Departments Abstract Purpose: Growing concern over the environmental impact of climate change and carbon tax has increased demand for public disclosure on how government departments are fulfilling their social and environmental obligations. The purpose of this study is to identify what factors influence Australian State government...
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...UNIT I DEFORESTATION CHAPTER 1 What is deforestation? Deforestation is the removal or damage of vegetation in a forest to the extent that it no longer supports its natural flora and fauna. In other words, deforestation can be defined as the transformation of forest land to non-forest uses where forest land includes lands under agro-forestry and shifting cultivation, and not simply closed canopy primary forests (FAO/UNEP, 1982). However, this definition does not include “logging”. More inclusive was Myers’s 1980 definition, where deforestation refers, “generally to the complete destruction of forest cover through clearing for agriculture … [so] … that not a tree remains, and the land is given over to non-forest purposes … [and where] very heavy and unduly negligent logging … [result in a] … decline of biomass and depletion of ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum...
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