...yet children are still playing in the sun without sunscreen or protective clothing. Many people these days are not taking skin cancer seriously after knowing its significance. Skin cancer has been a growing problem in the United States and millions of people have suffered from it every year. The three most common skin cancers are Melanoma, Basal cell, and Squamous cell, which can cause bumps, sores, growths, etc. Skin cancer is a deadly disease with many causes, but the advantage is that it can be prevented. Problem/Definition Skin cancer is a disease where cancer (malignant) cells are found on the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). The three types of cells found in the epidermis are squamous cells, basal cells, and melanocytes. These cells in time grow to be cancerous. Thus, the three types of skin cancers are squamous cell, basal cell, and melanoma. Melanoma is the most deadliest and destructive type of cancer. (“Skin Cancer” infotrac.com) The number of people with melanoma has risen in Scotland from 3.5 in 1979 to 10.6 per 100,000 in 1998 for men and 7.0 to 13.1 for women. (Miller 945) Squamous cell and Basal cell skin cancer can kill up to 2,200 people a year in the United States. (Sommerfield SIRS.com) Basal cell, being the most common type of skin cancer, is the cancer that about 75 percent of the people have. (“Skin Cancer “ infotrac.com) Melanoma is mostly seen in older men but ever since tanning came in during the 1970’s, it has increased...
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...Introduction The number of cases of skin cancer each year is on the rise and skin cancer is becoming more prominent in our society today, especially among young adults. For this reason, it is vital to evaluate the causes of skin cancer and the ways to prevent it. Skin cancer can be defined as the abnormal growth of the cells of the skin. Currently, it is the most common type of cancer in the United States. Skin cancer is caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun’s rays and artificial sun lamps. Most cases of skin cancer could have been easily prevented if the proper precautions were taken, including limiting exposure to sunlight and radiation. The purpose of this report is to prove that using tanning beds has been linked to...
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...garments, the clothing is classified into different types of composition, which takes in to account the yarn and color. The fabric that can offer the best rating for ultraviolet protection is the knitted fabric, which is being used for sport T-shirts. Normal T-shirts show a very low rating when it comes to protection against the sun. Not all shirts have the labeling information in regards to ultraviolet protection, but it would be helpful for the consumer to have that information. Erdmann, F., Lorter-Tieulent, J., Schuz, J., Zeeb, H., Greinert, R., Brietbart, E. W., & Bray, F. (2012, May 21). International trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma 1953-2008-are recent generations at higher or lower risk? International Journal of Cancer, 132 (2), 385- 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27616 This article discusses how malignant melanoma has been increasing over the past 50 years in primarily fair-skinned people....
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...SKIN CANCER & TANNING The idea of a “healthy tan” is a myth which must be corrected in order to reduce the increasing incidence of skin cancer in the world. An individual's skin color is determined by their genes and their environment. Our skin can change color in reaction to sun exposure. This is called the "tanning response." When skin absorbs UV radiation, melanin is produced and transferred to the keratinocytes cells within the skin thereby darkening the color of the skin. Melanin in the skin absorbs and scatters UV radiation entering the body and helps protect the skin from adverse reactions to radiation. Thus, the "tanning response" is really a defensive reaction by the body to the presence of damaging radiation, and an effort by the body to protect itself from the harmful affect of ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B (UVA and UVB) rays (“Anatomy”). A tan still remains in the minds of many as socially desirable. Each day we are confronted with images on television and in magazines of golden-brown models and celebrities. In addition, we are the targets of local advertising and promotion of tanning salons. People must understand that a tan is not necessary; and that in addition to the premature aging of the skin, there are serious and possibly deadly consequences from the overexposure of one’s body to UVA and/or UVB rays. The deadly consequence is skin cancer. When people think of cancer they relate to the threat of colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate...
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...develoments are being researched Because the overall incidence of skin cancer rates continue to increase, scientist continue to look for potential future developments for the risk management of cancer related to tanning and sunbathing. Researchers are currently looking for ways to decrease skin cancer rates and discover new prevention methods. Such areas include drugs, genetics, melanoma treatments, and potential vaccines.13, 14 Current research suggest that exposure to ultraviolet radiation as a young age are more likely to develop malignant melanoma.16 Based on the analysis of much data, individuals exposed to ultraviolet radiation at a young age are more likely to develop skin cancer.16 The...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Evolution of Human Skin Color by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Life Sciences Quest University, Canada Part I Skin Cancer “Stop it!” called Tatiana, playfully. Her boyfriend, Zach, was inspecting her skin very carefully. “Look,” he answered her, his voice taking on a more serious tone. “Today a woman walked into the clinic for her annual physical. Everything about her seemed ne. She leads a balanced lifestyle, she eats well, she exercises: she’s healthy! But as she was about to leave, I noticed a mole on her arm. It had many of the warning signs of skin cancer. So, I removed the mole. is woman now has to wait for the lab results to see if it was cancerous. If it is, maybe we caught it early enough to treat it, and maybe not. Either way, her life is changed. I just want to make sure you don’t have any suspicious moles, okay?” Tatiana relented and allowed Zach to examine her skin. She asked: “Do only white people get skin cancer?” “No, people of all skin tone can get skin cancer, but it does occur more frequently in Caucasians.” Questions 1. What are the causes of skin cancer? 2. Why are Caucasians more at risk of skin cancer than other populations? 3. At what age does skin cancer typically occur? Is the incidence of skin cancer greater in youth or old age? “ e Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Page NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II Skin Pigmentation and...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Evolution of Human Skin Color by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Life Sciences Quest University, Canada Part I – Skin Cancer “Stop it!” called Tatiana, playfully. Her boyfriend, Zach, was inspecting her skin very carefully. “Look,” he answered her, his voice taking on a more serious tone. “Today a woman walked into the clinic for her annual physical. Everything about her seemed fine. She leads a balanced lifestyle, she eats well, she exercises: she’s healthy! But as she was about to leave, I noticed a mole on her arm. It had many of the warning signs of skin cancer. So, I removed the mole. This woman now has to wait for the lab results to see if it was cancerous. If it is, maybe we caught it early enough to treat it, and maybe not. Either way, her life is changed. I just want to make sure you don’t have any suspicious moles, okay?” Tatiana relented and allowed Zach to examine her skin. She asked: “Do only white people get skin cancer?” “No, people of all skin tone can get skin cancer, but it does occur more frequently in Caucasians.” Questions 1. What are the causes of skin cancer? 2. Why are Caucasians more at risk of skin cancer than other populations? 3. At what age does skin cancer typically occur? Is the incidence of skin cancer greater in youth or old age? “The Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Page 1 NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II – Skin Pigmentation...
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...Skin Cancer Mary Mark Coahoma Community College Anatomy & Physiology I Ms. Letha Richards October 15, 2014 Abstract Skin cancer is a term used to describe cancer in skin tissues. The skin is made of several layers. Skin cancer is classified according to the layer it develops in. Skin cancer is classified according to the layer it develops in. Skin cancer is a disease that can affect any one. Skin cancer includes many types that can be classified as severe or superficial. Consequently, treatments of skin cancer depend on the degree of severity a person has. In the following paper, I will shed lights on the types of skin cancer such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Skin cancer is an abnormal growth of skin cells that usually develops on skin exposed to the sun. Skin cancer can be found in the early stage, which can usually be cured if treated before the spread. Skin cancer begins where we can see it, such as on the face or arms. Some signs may include, growing bumps, changing mole and/or a dry and scaly rough patch. In this paper, I will explain the three major types of skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is abnormal, uncontrolled growths that arise in the skin’s basal cells, which line the deepest layer of the epidermis. BCC’s usually appears and look like open sores, red patches, or scars. According to (skincancer.org) “An estimated 2.8 million cases of BCC...
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...DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS The findings of this research includes the major effects of having skin cancer and it also includes the risk factors and impacts of skin cancer. These findings also include the precautions one can take in the effort of preventing skin cancer. Problem Skin Cancer is a major public health problem because it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. It may be the most common, however, it is the most preventable type of cancer(“Skin Cancer as”). Skin cancer affects most people in their lifetime, and many people are unaware of how dangerous it is. People with skin cancer need proper medical treatment which results in significant health care costs for people, families, and the nation(“Skin Cancer as”)....
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...The Epidemiology of Skin Cancer Skin cancer is best known as a mutation of the skin when cells grow abnormally. These mutations most commonly come in forms of moles, freckles, or simple markings that are out of the norm. Basal Cell Carcinoma is the most commonly occurring form of skin cancer. Basal cell carcinomas occur in the basal cells in the lining of the skin and mostly occur from over exposure to sunlight. Skin cancer is rising to become the most prevalent form of cancer. According to The Skin Cancer Foundation Website 5 million people are treated for a case of skin cancer each year. The American Academy of Dermatology stated that in adults ages 25-29 melanoma is the most common form of cancer the second most common form of cancer for15-29...
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...What is the cause of skin cancer? Stresses such as tobacco and radiation can cause cancer by damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cells. DNA is the source of life which is stored inside the nucleus of every cell that makes up a living organism. To be able to fit inside a 10-micrometer average size cell, 10-meter long DNA has to be packed into a complex structure which is known as chromatin. Nucleosome is DNA wrapping around histone octamers and chromatin is form when nucleosomes in a nucleus compact together (Yu et al. 2011). At the chromatin level, it compacts to protect DNA from stresses after a short period of time (Interview with Dr. Michael Bergel 2015; unreferenced, see “Acknowledgements”). DNA fails to repair or kill itself (apoptosis) after being damaged which will causes DNA mutation. DNA mutation in a certain gene can make cells grow “out of control”. In human cells, the process of repairing DNA damage which occurs within chromatin is called Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER). Increasing age will decrease DNA ability to repair itself; this explains why a majority of cancer patients appear to be older adults. Ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation) is the main cause of skin cancer. Chromatin in skin cells after UV irradiation are found to...
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...xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx English 101 25 March 2011 Student/Teacher Memo 1. What was your purpose? What effect were you trying to achieve? My purpose was to write about tanning as a cause of the skin cancer, and about skin cancer as a consequence of tanning. 2. What was interesting about the process you went through in writing this paper, and what did you learn from it? It was very interesting to research about skin cancer, as I am particularly interested on the subject. I also did not know tanning or any ultraviolet radiation exposure can have such serious consequences. 3. What was the most difficult aspect about this paper, and what did you learn from the attempt? It was difficult to give it a clear structure on cause/effect, although the subject clearly illustrates this structure. 4. What do you see as the strengths of the paper, and what would you try to do if you were to revise it some more? The strength of the paper is the very reliable sources. 5. What’s not a part of your paper that you think might help a reader understand or appreciate it more? What didn’t you put in? I did not further develop on skin cancer, how it presents and develops. 6. What kind of grammar or formatting feedback would you like from your instructor? I would appreciate full feedback on both. 7. When using the APUS Online Library article databases, did you evaluate the credibility of the sources you chose? Yes. 8. Are your memo and essay in correct MLA format? Yes. 9. Did you save...
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...Ipilimumab the best solution for the treatment of malignant melanoma? Chloe Walton Malignant melanoma although rare is a form of cancer that without treatment progresses at an extremely fast rate. The development of drugs to try to halt the rapid rate at which malignant melanoma can grow and infect another organ of the body is an on going project by specialists. Dr Alison developed Ipilimumab in 1999 and it was found in the clinical trials that it does, in most cases, exactly what medical professionals have been looking for. However drugs such as ipilimumab come with risks associated with them. This poses the question of whether the benefits outweigh the risks and cost of the drug. Skin and how malignant melanoma develops Skin is the largest organ in our body, responsible for creating a barrier between the outside and our internal organs. The skin is made up of three layers. The first layer is the epidermis, which is made up of mainly keratinocytes; they make micro-layers, which continually grow outwards to compensate for old layers dying and flaking off. Within the epidermis Langerhans cells are contained which alert the immune system to virus’ and bacterium. The next layer is the dermis, which gives the skin its strength due to the elastin and collagen fibres. Also present in the dermis are; blood vessels which allows the skins temperature to be maintained, and nerves which pick up feelings of heat, pain etc. and relay to the brain. The final layer is the subcutis...
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...Unit 4 Case Study 2: Skin Cancer Skin cancer is a rather harsh reality for many people that love soaking up the sun, however genetics and gene mutation may be playing a larger role in the development of carcinomas. Almost everyone has experienced a sunburn from staying out at the beach for too long, or not reapplying the appropriate amount of sunscreen. The damage that UVA and UVB rays can do to the integumentary system in a short period of time can cause life changing effects. Genetic mutations are sometimes caused by outside sources such as UVB rays, and other times linked to hereditary factors. In recent studies, direct links have been found between melanoma and specific hereditary genes that they believe are responsible. A gene is mutated when one or more cells change and create an abnormal protein in response to the change. With what I have learned in previous units about DNA replication, once a gene is replicated, it will continue to replicate its adapted form, this is important because this is how the mutated gene is being replicated at a cellular level. The bad cells are now being copied and replicated. The genetic mutations that pose the greatest risk of developing skin cancer are CDK4 and CDKN2A gene mutations. These two mutations effect the tumor suppressor, and stop the cell from performing its normal job. Gene mutations can be germ-line meaning passed from parent to offspring if they are hereditary. Genes can also be mutated by outside sources such a light...
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