...Sleep Disorder: Causes and effects to an individual Most of us have already or are experiencing trouble in sleeping every night or every time we’re trying to sleep. This might be normal and usually temporary due to stress, night terrors or some different issues. But if sleep problems are a regular occurrence and interfere with the daily life, we may be suffering from a sleep disorder. Sleep disorders cause more than just sleepiness, there are so many causes. The lack of quality of sleep can have a negative impact on our energy, emotional balance, and health to us. Sleep disorders also are serious enough to interfere with our normal physical, mental and social state. And in worst case, death because of sleepiness and mental condition cause of sleeping disorders. Sleep can affect our overall health. In many cases, people in good health tend to sleep well, whereas those suffering from repeated sleeping problems might have an underlying medical or mental health problem, it may be in minor or serious. Sleeping well is good to physical health and emotional well-being. Unfortunately, even minimal sleep loss can take a toll on mood, energy, efficiency, and ability to handle stress. People with daytime sleepiness are physically fatigue, have a tendency of falling asleep in unsuitable places at unsuitable times, and have poor concentration. Ignoring sleep problems and disorders can lead to poor health, accidents, impaired job performance, and relationship stress. It’s not normal...
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...circadian rhythms are controlled by the body's biological "clock." This clock, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus or SCN, a pair of pinhead-sized brain structures that together contain about 20,000 neurons. The SCN rests in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, just above the point where the optic nerves cross. Light that reaches photoreceptors in the retina (tissue at the back of the eye) creates signals that travel along the optic nerve to the SCN. Signals from the SCN travel to several brain regions, including the pineal gland, which responds to light-induced signals by switching off production of the hormone melatonin. The body's level of melatonin normally increases after darkness falls, making people feel drowsy. The SCN is synchronized with the sleep/wake cycle, including body temperature, hormone secretion, urine production, and changes in blood pressure. Sunlight or other bright lights can reset the SCN, our biological cycles normally follow the 24-hour cycle of the sun, rather than our innate cycle. Circadian rhythms can be affected to some degree by almost any kind of external time cue, such as the beeping of your alarm clock, the clatter of a garbage truck, or the timing of your meals. Scientists call external time cues zeitgebers (German for "time givers"). Circadian rhythms is the sleep/wake cycle. Chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders are internal abnormalities of the circadian rhythms, the body’s internal clock. This arises when a person is unable to fall...
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...Circadian rhythms Biological rhythms are cyclical behaviours repeated periodically and controlled by endogenous pacemakers (internal biological clocks) or exogenous zeitgebers (external cues like light, seasonal changes, temperature, social cues). Circadian rhythms are biological cycles lasting 24hours like the sleep/wake cycle, which is facilitated by time-checks and regular events such as meal times (external cues). The main internal biological clock in mammals appears to be located in the hypothalamus, which is responsible for “motivation” and is named the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN has an inbuilt circadian firing pattern as when damaged in rats the circadian rhythm involving sleeping and feeding patterns has been disrupted (Zucker et al). The SCN regulates the secretion of melatonin in the pineal gland (another endogenous pacemaker which produces melatonin which affects sleep) and is also connected to the retina of the eye through a separate pathway. This highlights the indirect link between exogenous zeitgebers such as light and how melatonin production from the Pineal gland (endogenous pacemakers) works together with the SCN to maintain a rhythm. Light can also reach the brain via other means as Campbell et al demonstrated resetting the circadian rhythm through shining light on participant’s knee’s. This shows other secondary oscillators exist throughout the body maintaining circadian rhythms through the use of exogenous zeitgebers. Core body temperature...
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...I. Introduction The first time you will hear the word Circadian Rhythm, you will be dreary because you have no idea on what it is about, but because of my drastic intention I will gather more ideas about my topic. Doubtless, I am sure I will make it easier to work with it. One question was bothering me and makes me persevere on doing this Research Paper. “Is it entrainable or not?”, one question with different ideas and information’s sticking with it. No specific and particular reviews I need to provide about it, I just need to gather information by means of researching just to know if Circadian Rhythm is entrainable or not. Although the process is not easy, as people who have suffered from a jetlag, because the more time you did not sleep, the more you will suffer Circadian Rhythm. Sleep and waking, for instance, occur naturally to the beat of an internal pacemaker, which works on a cycle of about twenty-four-hours. My purpose on making and researching is to have broad ideas and I need to answer the question bothering me if it is entrainale or not. I need to defend my title against myself to be proudly to present it and defend it easily.In my title, I used the questioning type because I want to know if Circadian Rhythm is truly entrainable or not. Y abstract focuses on the summary of my entire research paper and what are my goals and objectives on making this research. In listing the methods and procedures, my goal is to give the reader sufficient...
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...the center of the brain (http://www.milatonin.com/melfaq.htm). Melatonin is secreted at night or in the dark (http://www.ceri.com/melaton.htm). It is used to regulate the sleeping cycle. It is also found to correlate with a lot of other functions and problems in the body. Because of its many uses, melatonin is being manufactured bypharmaceutical companies as a dietary supplement. People are using it to treat everything from jet lag to cancer. There have been many studies done on the effects of melatonin. The bulk of the studies have been done on the effects of melatonin on sleep and on treating jet-lag. The findings show that melatonin is proven to be an effective sleep aid and also help alleviate jet lag. Melatonin is a substance that the public is taking without being knowledgeable about its benefits, side or dosage. Many companies manufacture melatonin. There are two kinds of melatonin available, synthetic or natural. It is recommended to take the synthetic time release formula. It is the closer to the molecular make-up of melatonin and is made with pharmaceutical grade ingredients. Natural melatonin may contain animal parts through which viruses and diseases can be carried (http://www.teleport.com/~jor/#1). What is being said about melatonin Melatonin and Sleep Melatonin is used most frequently for sleeping troubles and jet-lag. By differing the amount of exposure to lightness and darkness, there is a possibility of abrupting the sleep/wake cycle. It is believed this change...
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...For many students living with a flatmate is a necessity, allowing them to save money on rent, utilities and living expenses. However, getting along with a flatmate can be very difficult to manage. There is always a chance that a conflict may arise living with another person under the same roof. The most often confrontation arise because of a different standard of cleanliness. If one person is extremely tidy, even pedantic, and the other is very messy - this could lead to conflict. The other quite common reason of disagreements is blaming each other of being a "noisy flatmate". In most cases it occurs when there is an incompatibility with people's biological clock, i. e. one person is “morning person” (also called “lark”) and the other - a “night owl". It means the first one gets up early in the morning, is more energetic in the first part of the day, and goes to bed quite early. While the other is entirely opposite: gets up later and is more energetic in the evening or late at night. All these differences, misunderstanding and conflicts cause stress. The anger builds up inside the people and eventually, one day, they can explode and to do some reckless or fatal thing. If not - they will start hating each other and living together will become unbearable In order to prevent it, you should treat your flatmate like you'd like to be treated and to start communicate him. The best thing you can do to get along with your flatmate is to sit down with him the first day you move to...
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...living creatures, from bacteria and insects to plants and animals, circadian rhythms are like metaphorical clocks within an organism's control center (brain) that are responsible for regulating biological functions including wakefulness, sleep, appetite, and temperature. These physiological aspects are absolutely necessary for a healthy life cycle, therefore, ensuring that these cells that control circadian rhythms are properly functioning is crucial to health. Maintaining a balanced lifestyle where we receive an adequate amount of physical activity and sleep as well as nutrients is something that many individuals are aware of, though, when we lead busy lives that disrupt our sleep or appetite patterns, circadian rhythms can become poorly affected and/or altered by negative impacts from daily activities. Shift work, for instance, can often be stressful on our circadian rhythms, which can later lead to avoidable illnesses and diseases. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the basis of circadian rhythms as well as how certain physiological processes can be affected by shift work. Circadian rhythms are regular fluctuations that occur in parts of the body, depending on physiological function; these fluctuations go from high to low points within a twenty-four hour time frame ("Circadian rhythm", n.d.). These patterns are important to note as having knowledge on "biological clocks" can assist in finding cures to issues such as "sleep disorders, jet lag and other health problems" (NIGMS...
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...fine and happy others I would be irritable to a fault. Anyways the first day I was fine and functioned well the whole next day. On day two I started to slur my speech and had issues staying awake so I was getting irritable because I was tired. The third day I felt completely numb in side and nothing could seem to reach through the haze I was in and on the fourth and final day I was starting to hallucinate which I figured was a bad sign and stopped the experiment. According to the DSM IV, some psychiatric disorders have fatigue as a major symptom. Included are: major depressive disorder (includes postpartum blues), minor depression, diathermia, mixed anxiety-depression, SAD and bipolar disorder. Stress is the number one cause of short-term sleeping difficulties, according to sleep experts. Common triggers include school- or job-related pressures, a family or marriage problem and a serious illness or death in the family. Usually the sleep problem disappears when the stressful situation passes. However, if short-term sleep problems such as insomnia aren't managed properly from the beginning, they can persist long after the original stress has passed. Drinking alcohol or beverages containing caffeine in the afternoon or evening, exercising close to bedtime, following an irregular morning and nighttime schedule, and working or doing other mentally intense activities right before or after getting into bed can disrupt sleep. If you are among the 20 percent of employees in the United States...
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...Hi everyone, to begin with my informative speech today I would like to ask you guys some questions: Have you ever struggle to go to sleep no matter how tired you are? Or have you ever wake up in the midnight and lay down for hours ago, but still anxiously watching the clock? Unfortunately, I need to tell you that if your answer is YES, you may get the insomnia! It is the most common sleep complaint. Everyone has experience of poor sleep in the infrequently night but if it is because you going to bed too late or getting up too early. This does not represent that you have insomnia; it just means you have not enough of sleep. Insomnia happens when you have trouble of falling asleep or staying asleep or although you have the chance to sleep whole night, still feeling not refreshable in the morning. Anyone may occur insomnia. There are 30 percent of adults get this disease. Usually it happens in elderly, female, stressful people and the one with certain mental and medical health problems. Insomnia based on duration can be divided into two types. * Acute Insomnia: It lasts within three weeks, and it will go away without treatment. * Chronic Insomnia: It lasts more than three weeks. Nearly 1 in 10 people have it, it needs to take some form of treatment to makes it go away. The former one is more common than the latter one. The effects of insomnia can influence nearly your whole part of life. Studies from Sleep Education Center shows that insomnia may impact the performance...
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...Describe and evaluate research into circadian rhythms (8+16) Research into circadian rhythms has assessed the effects of isolating participants from external time cues (exogenous zeitgebers) on our 24 hour cycles, and suggesting that an internal body clock (endogenous pacemaker) creates a free running sleep/wake cycle rhythm of 25 hours. Siffre (1975) * Case study of his own experiences in an underground cave for 2 months. Without any exogenous zeitgebers such as light or cues to guide him, his sleep/wake cycle generally adjusted to a 25 hour cycle, though sometimes changing dramatically up to 48 hours. Aschoff and Weaver (1976) * Designed a temporal isolation study by placing participants in an underground ww2 bunker without an environmental or time cues. * They found that the free running cycle persisted with a sleep wake cycle of 25 hours, sometimes increasing to 29. Weakness into research of circadian rhythms * Lack internal validity. * They removed natural light sources, artificial light from torches and cameras have been shown to reset the endogenous rhythms, thus interfering as an extraneous variable. Exemplified through Czeisler et al (1999) * Altered participants’ circadian rhythms down to 22 hours and up to 28 only using dim lighting to alter his release of melatonin from the pineal gland. * Findings do not reflect true isolation and have lower internal validity, so his rhythm may not have adjusted so well if he had been truly...
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...your knowledge of biological rhythms and their impacts disscuss the impact of these demands. Shift work is a work pattern that falls outside of the normal 9-5 working hours. Shift hours came into place firstly in hospitals. This was because the patients needed round the clock care. Another place where shift work came into place was in factories. However even though there are advantages to this type of work there are negatives too, one of these is that there are major disruptions to the employee’s sleep patterns. Most sleep is needed during the times of 2-4 am. This is when most shift workers will struggle to get through their shift. Another reason why it affects them is because it changes the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is a 24hour rhythm which a person recognises and it tells the person to sleep when it is dark and to wake when it is light. This is affected by shift work because they spend most their time under artificial light. Another reason why they struggle is because when the lights go off they need to make sure that they stay awake in case there us an emergency of some kind. Employees can sometimes be offered a night shift where they can have a couple of hours sleep, however they opt out of this type of contact because it pays less than what a night shift without sleeping does. Employers hardly ever give out these types of contract because they feel that they cannot justify paying employees to sleep whilst they are at work. Another biological rhythm that gets...
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...amphetamine nudges the brain to a more wakeful state, unlike the traditional stimulant Dexedrine. A study at Harvard University and Penn State treated 16 healthy subjects as shift workers. The subjects were deprived of sleep for 28 hours, then slept from 11 A.M to 7 P.M. for four days and stayed awake after. The results showed that the subjects that took modafinil did better on cognitive tests than the subjects on a sugar pill. Some of the subjects were able to stay awake for more than 90 hours. The key lies in a part of the hypothalamus of the brain called the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which is also our brain’s biological clock. If the SCN is severed or removed it can disturb our sleep-wake cycle. The SCN which is nestled deep within the brain runs on a 25-hour cycle. Most blind people tend to have sleep disorders than those who can see. Our biological clock can be reset by exposing light signals from the retina, which is why we tend to function on a 24-hour cycle....
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...generations. Bipolar disorder has 2 common poles known as Mania and Depression. How does this 2 poles differ from each other and how does this 2 poles correlate to each other? Mood Changes | -A long period of feeling "high," or an overly happy or outgoing mood -Extreme irritability | Behavioral Changes | -Talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another, having racing thoughts -Being easily distracted -Increasing activities, such as taking on new projects -Being overly restless -Sleeping little or not being tired -Having an unrealistic belief in one's abilities -Behaving impulsively and engaging in pleasurable, high-risk behaviours | | Depression | Mood Changes | -An overly long period of feeling sad or hopeless -Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, including sex. | Behavioral Changes | -Feeling tired or "slowed down" -Having problems concentrating, remembering, and making decisions -Being restless or irritable -Changing eating, sleeping, or other habits -Thinking of death or suicide, or attempting suicide. | How does they correlate? Both involves disturbance in length of sleep. Both involves intense emotional changes. Both has a cyclic period to show up the traits of the disorder. (not continuously ) Both will co-occur with PTSD, ADHD,MIGRAIN, HEART DISEASE, DIABETES and etc . What are the effects of insomnia in our daily life? Decreases level of alertness and effectiveness of a person when handling a vehicle...
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...7: States of Consciousness CHAPTER PREVIEW Consciousness is our awareness of ourselves and our environment. Conscious information processing enables us to exercise control and to communicate our mental states to others. Beneath the surface, unconscious processing occurs simultaneously on many parallel tracks. Our daily schedule of waking and sleeping is governed by a biological clock known as circadian rhythm. Our sleep also follows a repeating cycle. Awakening people during REM sleep yields predictable “dreamlike” reports that are mostly of ordinary events. Freud’s view that dreams can be traced back to erotic wishes is giving way to newer theories, for example, that dreams help us process information and fix it in memory or that dreams erupt from neural activity. Studies of hypnosis indicate that, although hypnotic procedures may facilitate recall, the hypnotist’s beliefs frequently work their way into subjects’ recollections. Hypnosis can be at least temporarily therapeutic and has the potential of bringing significant pain relief. Hypnosis may be an extension both of normal principles of social influence and of everyday splits in consciousness. Psychoactive drugs also alter consciousness. Depressants act by depressing neural functioning. Although their effects are pleasurable, they impair memory and self-awareness and may have other physical consequences. Stimulants act at the synapses by influencing the brain’s neurotransmitters. Their effects depend on...
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...The Clocks Within Us Analysis According to the article published in the February 2015 edition of the Scientific American, genes in the brain, liver, pancreas, and other tissues help keep the various parts of the body in sync. These ideas are portrayed throughout the article written by Keith C. Summa and Fred W. Turek, “The Clocks Within Us.” The article is based around circadian rhythms, which describes how the body works around 24-hour cycles. Both authors are extremely validated when it comes to informing the public on circadian rhythms. Summa is a PhD at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and is interested in understanding how to apply research findings to clinical medicine. Turek is a neurobiologist and director of the Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology at Northwestern. He is also the founding president of the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms. Learning more about the different clocks in the body can help explain bodily disruptions caused by out of sync cellular clocks. Circadian rhythms are important in the world of biology because of their effects on one’s health. When all the clocks in our body are not in sync, we can experience diabetes, depression, obesity, and more. The clocks could fall out of sync when sleep and eating patterns falter. This information could have been presented in the Scientific American, a popular magazine that is read by many people across the nation, because many people change their daily patterns. For example...
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