...Introduction The FIFA World Cup in Brazil took place from the 12th of June to the 13th of July 2014. Attracting approximately one million foreign tourists in just one month (Loretta, 2014) it was without a doubt the major global sporting event of the year. Discussions about holding such an event in yet another developing country where controversial from the start and with regard to the 2016 Olympic Games also held in Brazil, they still are. In this essay I want to evaluate to what extent Brazil as a tourism destination benefitted from the World Cup – or not – and how this affects the destination in the long term. Therefore, I firstly provide three positive impacts on Brazil, of economic, social and environmental nature. This is followed by three negative impacts, divided into the same categories. This is followed by an application of theory about hallmark events and a future perspective of Brazil as a tourist attraction. In the end, I conclude this essay by summarizing the main aspects and giving my personal opinion on the developments described before. Body If we compare the total revenue of the World Cup with the total costs of the tournament, coming from investments such as infrastructure or stadium construction, we can calculate that the economical boost should be around 2.6 Billion Dollars (Harris, 2014). Also, the fact that one million foreign tourists were travelling the country in this period may not be underestimated. A positive experience of local culture and interaction...
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...Jacarezinho - A Slum Displaced From 1939 to 1978, more than 50% of the population of Recife, the capital of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil lived in the slums. Recife had the dubious distinction as one of the largest and poorest slums of any Metropolitan region in Brazil according to the World Bank . 60% of Recife’s total population of 1.4 million occupy squatter settlements (Appendix 1). After years of studying and assessing the poor living conditions of the Jacarezinho slum, the state government of Pernambuco, along with the municipal officials of both Recife and the neighbouring municipality of Olinda, partnered with the World Bank and signed the documents for an urban renewal project called Prometropole in 2003. The cost of the project was US $84 million with a loan of US $46 million from the World Bank . The project was finally launched in 2007 with a planned completion date of 2008 but due to setbacks the project was still not completed in 2010. The objective of the project was to resettle the population in new homes close to the existing slum, to remove the shacks along the waterway, to construct roads and to improve urban infrastructure by providing sewage and drainage so that the inhabitants could have a safer and cleaner place to live. This paper will provide an overview of the obstacles faced by the population as they stood by and waited to be resettled into cleaner, safer and more modern accommodations...
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...Gordon Parks implemented great detail in his essay "Flavio's Home." Descriptive essay's should provide a vivid expierence, they should employ all human senses by bringing a subject to life, allowing the reader to become one with the writer. Gordon Parks insured his descriptions in the essay painted this extremely real image in our head. As he told the story of Flavio's tough life he lived, he touched greatly on all senses to where I felt like I was there watching Flavio, the twelve year old boy, live his life. When Gordon described Catacumba, the area in Brazil in which Flavio and his family were living, I could feel the excrutating heat that they endured daily. Gordon explained the shack as he entered the door, in which I felt I was there;...
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...plagiarism form. This work is my own. Question 1: Critically evaluate David Harvey’s suggestion that we should adopt the right to the city as both a working slogan and political idea. The essay seeks to establish and explain David Harvey’s concept of using the right to the city as a working slogan and political idea. Harvey is known for (2008; 23) introducing the concept of the right to the city as a working slogan (Harvey, 2008:23). Harvey explains how social inequality and discontent can be dealt with by the adoption of the right to city as a working slogan and political idea. The author states that the “one step towards unifying these struggles is to adopt the right to the city as both working slogan and political idea (Harvey, 2008:23)”.The following discussion seeks to expand on this hypothesis and critically evaluate the above mentioned theory. When evaluating the above discussed claims one must examine the two respective sides. One must firstly examine why it is tangible, practical and beneficial to the status quo of the international system to use the right to city as a working slogan and political idea. The second stage of the essay will address why the idea of turning the right to the city into a working slogan and political idea is criticised and seen as flawed. In conclusion the essay seeks to offer alternatives to the current issues. Harvey’s (2008:23) main argument explains how the right to the city has been taken out of the hands of the people and has now become...
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...Lee Ho Ting 3035049110 Essay 1: Compare and contrast the main characteristics of the urbanization process in the First and Third Worlds Introduction As a necessary step towards development, both the First world and Third world countries have been undertaking the process urbanization. Urbanization is referred to the process of the increase in the total population living in the urban areas through immigration to the areas and net increase in the urban population (Pacione, 2009). Although the processes of urbanization are similar among countries, there are still differences as the First world is defined as capitalist industrial market economies where the Third world is referred to states that failed to develop economically after independence (Pacione, 2009). The differences in the social and economic situations in the First and Third world as well as the different global environment have led to distinct characteristics in the urbanization process of countries. Understanding these characteristics is essential to the understanding the challenges faced by states in the process. Therefore this essay is going to discuss the similarities and differences between the urbanization processes starting from the eighteenth century up till now from the social and economic aspects in respect of the global environment. Similarities – Economic based urbanization The major similarity between the urbanization of the two different worlds is that economic development played a significant...
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...Brazil [pic] By:Megan Robinson [pic] Brazil is the 6th largest country in the world in size and the largest country in economy and size on the South American continent. While the country started under Portuguese rule for three centuries, Brazil took over its Independence in 1882. Brazil’s official language is Portuguese and the capital is Brasilia. The country is prodominatly known for the Amazon Rainforest. Brazil follows in size to the largest economy in the world, the United States of America.(The World Factbook) With Brazils growing economy they are doing things progressively more like the United States but still maintain some differences of their own. Families in America and Brazil in this current day are very similar. In Brazil the divorce rate has in the recent years hit and all time high. Divorce rates rose 36.8% in one year from 2009 to 2010. These increases were contributed to the ease of the divorce process that congress approved in 2009.This took their divorce rate to 1.8 per 1000 people.(Divorce Rate) However this number is still lower than that of the United States with a divorce rate of 4.9 per 1000 people.(Cherlin) When looking at fertility in Brazil, it has hit an all time low. According to a census in 2011, fertility fell to 1.94 children per woman. This is concerning because in order for Brazil to maintain their population women need to be conceiving on average of 2.1 children. Many factors are contributing to the decline in birth rate such as...
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...Unknown Population In talking to many of my peers around the Missouri State campus, I wanted to know what people thought were some of the worlds largest populations. While gathering several answers, the questions asked were never necessarily specific. Answers ranged from religious populations, ethnic populations, and country populations. The reason for the questionnaire was so that people could be informed about one of the worlds largest populations; the residents of squatter settlements all around the world. With the world population nearly reaching 7 billion, almost 1/6th of these people have found a way to live in illegally built cities. While some of these cities have found ways to create peace and fluency, such as the Favelas of Brazil, many have planning issues that planners hope to one day solve. Although they are not the typical modern day cities, squatter settlements have formed some of the most fluent new urban ways of life around the world. Louis Wirth, author of one of planning’s earliest journal articles “Urbanism as a Way of Life” (actually a sociology journal), stated that there were three basic principles when it came to defining urbanism. Population size, density, and the heterogeneity of an area is how new urbanism is built. In this paper we will use these three principles, rational thinking, and the basic planning process to view how over 1 billion squatters around the world have built such astonishing cities, and how people work to study these places; From...
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...The Nature and Causes of Growing Slum Problems in the Metropolitan Cities The Nature and Causes of Growing Slum Problems in the Metropolitan Cities of India! A slum can be defined as a “compact settlement with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions.” The growth of metropolitan cities in India has been largely unplanned and haphazard and this can be seen from the fact that one-fourth of total urban population lives in slum and squaller settlements. Slum Population in India - Slum Population simply refers to people living in slum areas below the poverty line. As India is still on the path of development, there is large number of people living below the poverty line. These people usually live in slum areas connected to the city. According to Government sources, the Slum Population of India have exceeds the population of Britain. It has doubled in last two decades. According to last census in 2001, the slum-dwelling population of India had risen from 27.9 million in 1981 to 61.8 million in 2001. Indian economy has achieved a significant growth of 8 percent annually in last four years, but there is still large number of people nearly 1.1 billion still survives on less than 1 $ (around 46 INR) in a day. Increase in Indian Population over a period of time has also resulted in slum population growth. Despite of Government efforts to build new houses...
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...Dermot Bolger’s “The Ballymun Trilogy Essay” Dermot Bolger’s “The Ballymun Trilogy” consists of three separate plays, “From These Green Heights”, “The Townlands of Brazil”, and “The Consequence of Lightning”. Each of these individual plays reflects their own separate problems experienced by the inhabitants of the Ballymun Towers. Families that were offered to live in these flats saw it as a chance for a new start. Most of the new tenants saw this as the perfect opportunity for a brighter future and as a way to get out of their current unstable homes which some have even collapsed and claimed the lives of several people. Although in each of these plays, the residents of the Ballymun Tower all experiences different situations, each play are cleverly linked to each other in one way or another. Throughout “From These Green Heights”, the play oscillates between two time frames, the 1960’s and early 2000, each focusing on a period of Dessie’s life. At the start of “From These Green Heights”, Dessie, as a child, along with his parents, Christy and Carmel, were one of the first families to move into the newly constructed Ballymun Towers. Although the towers were far from finish, which was promised shopping centers, schools, medical clinics, and a playground for the children, the families moving into these flats had high hopes for their new home. As expressed by Christy, “We weren’t just moving up in the world – we were moving skyward” (p.4) and stated...
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...1995, killing 12 and injuring over 5,000. The ultimate goal of the cult was to bring about chaos on an international scale culminating in a nuclear war, as a means of ushering in the apocalypse. The 1995 attack was an effort to test methods of dispersing chemical weapons, a step towards achieving that goal. Significance: Aum Shinrikyo was the first non-state actor to successfully carry out a large-scale chemical weapon attack against civilians. The cult illustrates a new face of terrorism, post-modern terrorism. Post-modern terrorism is defined as groups without specific political or sub-national goals who desire to kill as many people as possible; mass murder for its own sake, often apocalyptic and nihilist in nature. ESSAY: Use the Syllabus and Class Schedule to identify the MAJOR themes, issues, and problems we have dealt with thus far. Be able to ANALYZE these issues, NOT simply describe them, in the context of class discussion, videos, and your readings. Be able to put...
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... http://jtlu.org . 6 . 1 [2013] pp. 7–24 http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v1.425 Linking urban transport and land use in developing countries Robert Cervero University of California, Berkeley a e mobility challenges of the developing world are considerably different than those in wealthier, advanced countries, and so are the challenges of coordinating transportation and land use. Rapid population growth, poverty and income disparities, overcrowded urban cores, poorly designed road networks, spatial mismatches between housing and jobs, deteriorating environmental conditions, and economic losses from extreme traffic by congestion are among the more vexing challenges faced by developing cities that could be assuaged through improved coordination of transportation and urban development. is is underscored by examples reviewed in this paper from South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, India, Africa, and South America. It is concluded that whatever is done to improve transportation and land-use integration must be pro-poor. e cardinal features of integrated and sustainable transport and urbanism everywhere—accessible urban activities and safe, attractive walking and cycling environs—are particularly vital to the welfare and prosperity of urbanites in the world’s poorest countries. Abstract: Keywords: Urban transportation; land use; Developing cities; Air quality; Poverty 1 The challenges of rapid growth in developing cities ...
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...National Events – 2013 January: S Ramakrishnan takes charge as Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre Director Senior scientist with four decades of experience in rocketry, S Ramakrishnan has assumed charge as Director of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in Tiruvananthapuram. Ramakrishnan, who was director of the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), succeeds P S Veeraraghavan. A Padma Shri award recipient, Ramakrishnan is an expert in aerospace propulsion, launch vehicle systems and project management. The new director was one of the scientists who took part in the mission to realise India's first satellite launch vehicle SLV-3. He was the mission director for PSLV C1, C2, C3 and C4 flights. Amitabh Bachchan, Vidya Balan named PETA's hottest vegetarian celebrities Bollywood megastar Amitab Bachchan and actress Vidya Balan have been named PETA's hottest celebrity vegetarians of 2012. The other names in the running were Miss India Neha Dhupia, actor Shahid Kapoor, Sonu Sood, southern star Dhanush, Kareena Kapoor and veteran actress Hema Malini. Bachchan, 70, has been named the hottest vegetarian celebrity three times in the past and even won the crown in PETA Asia's equivalent contest in 2011. Balan, who had won the crown in 2010 too, has often credited her curves to her meat-free diet. IPS officer creates triathlon record A senior officer of Andhra Pradesh cadre has created a record of sorts on completing a 695 km long journey from Visakhapatnam to Hyderabad on a bicycle. Rajiv Trivedi...
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...Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael...
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...Critical Theories of Globalization Chamsy el-Ojeili and Patrick Hayden Critical Theories of Globalization Also by Chamsy el-Ojeili CONFRONTING GLOBALIZATION: Humanity, Justice and the Renewal of Politics FROM LEFT COMMUNISM TO POSTMODERNISM: Reconsidering Emancipatory Discourse Also by Patrick Hayden AMERICA’S WAR ON TERROR CONFRONTING GLOBALIZATION: Humanity, Justice and the Renewal of Politics COSMOPOLITAN GLOBAL POLITICS JOHN RAWLS: Towards a Just World Order THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN RIGHTS Critical Theories of Globalization Chamsy el-Ojeili Department of Sociology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Patrick Hayden School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, UK © Patrick Hayden and Chamsy el-Ojeili 2006 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents...
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...offers an analysis linking market-driven strategies with social impact in Peru and Colombia, as well as an article describing South Carolina’s embrace of innovative research. Other articles look at the Russian government’s attempt to reboot the city of Skolkovo as an innovation hub, the mixed success of innovation efforts in China, and the growing threat of cybercrime to businesses across the world. The challenges of infrastructure and planning are addressed in analyses of transportation in areas of Latin America, deficiencies in Brazil’s infrastructure, and real estate’s impact on Peru’s emerging middle class. Business and politics underpin a number of economic forces, as noted in articles on corruption and protest in India, social unrest in Brazil, the potential of the gemstone tanzanite to help develop Tanzania’s economy, and growing frictions between China and Myanmar. Cities on the move in the global economy are examined in separate articles on...
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