...Smoking during Pregnancy COMM/215 It is a well-known fact that smoking while pregnant is a bad idea. It is unhealthy for someone who isn’t pregnant and therefore unhealthy for the unborn baby a pregnant woman carries. Many women, despite knowing this well-known fact, have continued smoking during their pregnancy. They would rather feed their addiction than to keep their child healthy and it is immensely wrong. It is unbelievable how women are willing to risk the life of their unborn child just to inhale nicotine. There are so many reasons why smoking during pregnancy is wrong, birth defects, miscarriage and stillbirth, and the risk of the baby developing lung problems. With all of these side effects combined, it seems it would be an obvious conclusion for women to not smoke while pregnant. Smoking is a bad choice to make. Cigarettes are addictive and cause cancer. Smoking while pregnant is not just a bad choice for the mother to make, but also a bad choice for her baby. It is one thing for someone to risk their own heath, and another thing to risk the life of an unborn baby. “A woman who smokes while being pregnant is more than 50% more likely to expose her unborn child to an infection within the womb in comparison to a non-smoker, as the smoker’s Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) is 1.67 compared to the non-smoker.”( Mund, Louwen, Klingelhoefer, & Gerber, 2013). While it is a well-known fact that smoking during pregnancy is a bad idea, recent studies have shown just...
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...ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER SPECIAL EDUCATION REFERRAL AND PLACEMENT OUTCOMES IN INSTRUCTIONAL CONSULTATION TEAMS SCHOOLS Arlene E. Silva, Master of Arts, 2005 Thesis Directed by: Professor Sylvia Rosenfield Department of Counseling and Personnel Services University of Maryland, College Park The present study serves as an examination and documentation of referral and placement outcomes of English Language Learner (ELL) cases in Instructional Consultation (IC) Teams schools. Archival data from 838 cases (12% of which were ELL cases) within five mid-Atlantic public school districts implementing IC Teams were analyzed for outcomes using logistic regression. Results included statistically significant differences in ELL versus non-ELL student initial team referral (IC or other prereferral intervention team) and ultimate IEP Team referrals. Initial referral concerns also differed significantly between ELL and non-ELL students. IC Teams were found to be more effective than existing prereferral intervention teams in decreasing the special education referrals of ELL and non-ELL students. The results of the present study serve as a foundation for future research in the areas of at-risk ELL students and their referrals to prereferral intervention teams and special education. ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNER SPECIAL EDUCATION REFERRAL AND PLACEMENT OUTCOMES IN INSTRUCTIONAL CONSULTATION TEAMS SCHOOLS by Arlene E. Silva Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate...
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...THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY Smoking during pregnancy has been proven to increase the risk of pregnancy complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, still birth, miscarriages and sudden death syndrome (SIDS), as well as other defects within the heart, brain or lungs. This report will look at the effects smoking during pregnancy has on a baby before and after birth and will also clarify a variety of programmes that are available to help pregnant mothers quit smoking. Smoking during pregnancy is a very common dilemma that is happening all over the world. Usually this is an addiction that is picked up by most women at a very young age. While there are some mothers that are able to quit, there are many others out there that find it very hard to quit, putting themselves as well as their unborn child at the risk of having pregnancy complications or birth defects. A vast majority of pregnant women know that smoking is very harmful, not only to themselves but also to their unborn child. Although they may know a cigarette contains many harmful chemicals in it, they may not know exactly what chemicals are hiding in the cigarette and how harmful it can be for their unborn child. “Health experts figure if all pregnant women refrained from smoking, it would lead to an 11 percent reduction in the number of stillbirths and a 5 percent decrease in newborn deaths” (Thompson, 2011). A cigarette “contains over 4,000 chemicals, including 43 known cancer-causing (carcinogenic)...
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...Pregnancy – this is an important period for you to stop smoking. According to americanpregnancy.org, by quitting smoking during pregnancy period, you will have a healthier life, feel rested and have more power to take care not only yourself but also your babies. Moreover, risks of health problems caused by smoking such as cancer, heart disease and other lung problems will be decreased. Various researches note that the ratio of pregnant women who smoke is 12 to 20 percent, which put themselves and their babies in a dangerous situation. Another study shows that over 1,000 babies die each year due to smoking during pregnancy period of their mother in the U.S. According to Welch – the chairman of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Providence Hospital in Southfield, Michigan, smoking cigarettes is the most dangerous habit causing bad effects for babies such as babies born prematurely, babies born too small or babies die before born. It can be seen that smoking cigarettes is more dangerous for pregnancies and babies’ health than other serious diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure....
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...Smoking and it is effect on pregnant mothers’ Comm/215 Smoking While Pregnant According to Center of Disease Control and Prevention ("Smoking & tobacco use,"), tobacco kills five million people each year. In United States, only smoking is responsible for about 443, 000 death per year. Many women smoke without knowing the negative effect that smoking can have on their unborn babies during the pregnancy and after. The more the mother smokes, the bigger the bigger it gets the babies likelihood of developing these and other problems associated with smoking cigarettes. Smoking while pregnancy disclosures the mother and her unborn baby to several health problems. When a pregnant women smokes her unborn baby smokes too. What this means is that the nicotine, carbon monoxide, and the other chemicals that the mother inhales with every cigarette are passing into her baby’s body. This on the other hand, can have a huge impact on the health of the mother and her unborn baby. One of the most serious pregnancy complications experienced by women who smoke during pregnancy is ectopic pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus. Smoking during the pregnancy decreases the growth and health of babies and increases the risk of a difficulties and diseases for both the mother and baby. Low birth babies are more vulnerable to many health problems such as breathing difficulties and long- term healthy problems in adulthood. . Smoking not only...
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...Directions: There are a total of 21 questions on this exam. Each question has one correct answer choice unless otherwise noted. Please mark your answer choice by circling the letter corresponding to your answer choice. In a 2007 study published in Health Affairs1, researchers report the results of a study examining the association between mortality and hospital quality performance measures in a sample of Medicare patients admitted for certain conditions. As per the authors: “The Hospital Quality Alliance (HQA) program gives us the opportunity to systematically monitor the quality of hospital care nationwide. To gauge the importance of the HQA indicators, we examined the relationship between hospitals’ performance on HQA quality indicators and mortality for Medicare enrollees admitted for acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia.” Exhibit 3 below shows the resulting adjusted odds ratios of mortality for three separate HQA measures. The three measures are for AMI (acute myocardial infarction), CHF (congestive heart failure), and pneumonia. Each of these three measures was categorized into quartiles: the 1st quartile category includes the lowest 25% of the values, and the 4th quartile contains the largest 25% of the values. The reference for the above comparisons is the 4th quartile of the relevant performance measure reflected in the column title. 1 Jha A, et al .The Inverse Relationship Between Mortality Rates And Performance In The Hospital...
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...The Effects of Smoking during Pregnancy Cassandra Buckner National American University Abstract There are many dangers to an unborn child that can follow them the rest of their lives from maternal smoking. Many studies and significant research shows smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of a long list of problems. Still birth is the most common complication, but placental dysfunctional, premature labor and low birth weight are also problems that can harm the fetus. Over 40% of children studied also had some form of heart defect. Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy has also been linked to SIDS. Birth defects such as cleft palate and cleft lip can be caused from smoking while pregnant as well as your child being diagnosed with asthma. Speech defects as well as behavioral problems such as ADD/ADHD also play a role in maternal smoking. No one would give an infant a cigarette, so why would we while carrying our child smoke? Smoking during pregnancy can harm both the baby and the mother. Most would do anything to protect their child. Yet many women, who feel this way, continue to smoke while pregnant, insisting that the dangers are non-existent. In reality, there are many dangers to an unborn child that can follow them for the rest of their lives, if they survive gestation, and birth. Miscarriages, low birth weight, premature labor, and organ defects are just a few things that can plague the child of a smoking mother. There are many studies, and significant...
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...Smoking while Pregnant COMM/215 August 28, 2010 Dr. John Smoking while Pregnant In United States, smoking is responsible for about 443, 000 death per year. Smoking although disclosures pregnant mother and her baby to a serious health complications. The more the mother smokes, the higher the risk of the baby developing these and other problems associated with smoking cigarettes. Smoking while pregnant exposes the mother and her unborn baby to several health problems. When a pregnant women smokes her unborn baby smokes too. What this means is that the nicotine, carbon monoxide, and the other chemicals that the mother inhales with every cigarette are passing into her baby’s body. Ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus. When this happens there is no way to save the pregnancy. According to American Lung Association, “women who smoke during pregnancy are estimated to count for 20%-30% of low birth weight babies, Up to 14% of prematurely deliveries and about10% of all infant death” (Biradar, Bhagavati, & Swamy, 2006, p. 1).Those babies born with low-birth weight are more vulnerable to many more newborn problems than normal-weight babies. Low birth babies are more vulnerable to many health problems such as breathing difficulties and long- term healthy problems in adulthood. The mother’s oxygenated blood runs in and out of the fetus through veins in the umbilical cord. If this course is obstructed, the fetus will not receive...
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...defects along with other health problems. Smoking while pregnant can cause risks like infertility, preterm delivery, stillbirth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (Negative Effects of Cigarette Smoke or Secondhand Smoke). While smoking when pregnant the mother is putting over 4,000 chemicals into their bloodstream, about 60 of those chemicals can cause cancer (How smoking during pregnancy affects you and your baby). Babies get all their oxygen and nutrients from the bloodstream, and with all those chemicals in the bloodstream, the baby will not be healthy (How smoking during pregnancy affects you and your baby). When the nicotine and carbon monoxide mix together they reduce the oxygen that is going to the baby (How...
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...Smoking while Pregnant COM/215 January 29, 2013 Smoking while Pregnant In United States, smoking is responsible for about 443, 000 death per year. Many women smoke without knowing the negative effect that smoking can have on their unborn babies during the pregnancy and after. These health complications include ectopic pregnancy, placental abruption, and increase jeopardy of the baby born in premature and low birth weight. Smoking while pregnant exposes the mother and her unborn baby to several health problems. When a pregnant women smokes her unborn baby smokes too. What this means is that the nicotine, carbon monoxide, and the other chemicals that the mother inhales with every cigarette are passing into her baby’s body. Ectopic pregnancy is an uncommon pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus. When this happens there is no way to save the pregnancy. Most of the parents with children know that babies born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy weight less at birth than those born to nonsmokers. Low birth babies are more vulnerable to many health problems such as breathing difficulties and long- term healthy problems in adulthood. The mother’s oxygenated blood runs in and out of the fetus through veins in the umbilical cord. If this course is obstructed, the fetus will not receive enough oxygen to develop properly. Smoking not only exposes the baby’s fetus to poisons in tobacco smoke, but it also harms placental function.. Naturally this disturbs the fetus...
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...Imagine Smoking during pregnancy -low birth weight -oral hygiene -cancer mortality There are many different groups in the community that are affected by this higher incidence of smoking while pregnant. Since smoking in itself is at a higher incidence in Manistee county, 32.7%, compared to the 20.3% instance of the state of Michigan and the 7.8% incidence goal of Health People 2020, a larger portion of this county is affected in some way by this problem .When advising plans and techniques to provide knowledge and promote smoking cessation seminars and help decrease the smoking incidence, the focus will be for all smokers not just smoking during the course of pregnancy . This categorizes all smokers in Manistee as part of the group affected by this health problem. The more obvious group affected is the pregnant mother, the fetus, the family and friends of the pregnant mother, and all others that are in someway connected to each pregnancy. “23% of white women reported smoking during pregnancy compared with 18% African American and 12% Hispanic. (milhs.org)” in the state of Michigan, putting this race at a slightly higher risk when comparing the other two races inscidences of smoking during term. The minority groups, black (2.9%) and American indian (2.1%), which put the fetus at a higher risk for low birth weight automatically, are also affected by the higher rates of smoking because their risk becomes even more increased than it already is. “Babies born to African...
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...Causes and Effects of Smoking Smoking is considered as one of the most dangerous habits of an individual, especially for women and children eventually leading to several complications and causing grave health problems. There are numerous harmful as well as dangerous effects related with smoking. Carbon monoxide and nicotine in cigarette smoking has been related with several adverse impacts on lungs and heart. For example, in pregnant women it can eventually result in grave outcomes including; low birth weight babies, preterm delivery; premature rupture of membranes, placental abnormalities, and increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. It is pertinent to mention that smoking causes vascular diseases that in turns affect flow of blood through the placenta. Smokers, in fact, look older than they actually are because the blood vessels are partially obstructed and calcified. The complications resulting from placental abruption are more common in smokers. As mentioned above, smoking cigarette includes carbon monoxide. Since carbon monoxide is the replacement for oxygen in the blood during smoking, there are some fetuses that could attempt to compensate for this particular deprivation by creating extra red blood cells for the purpose of carrying extra oxygen. In some extraordinary cases, the blood gets thicker from the proliferation of such cells and ultimately cuts off the supply of blood to critical organs with fatal results. Smoking causes a person's heart to run in overdrive...
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...With regards to this assignment the aims are to analyse patterns of health within the adult population regarding health disease and exclusion, whilst also having the ability to assess the health needs and the impacts they have on individuals and their communities. The assignment targets to analyse and investigate public health perspectives, ideologies, with the use of current legislation and policies. Public health aims to help people avoid becoming ill with strategies to help stay healthy, this is defined by the Department of Health (2012) which states a variety of policy areas of concern, these include immunisations, alcohol, drug users, sexual health, pregnancy, smoking, alcohol and a child’s health (DOH, 2012). The health issue chosen for this assignment will be smoking in pregnancy and the implications smoking can have with regards to health issues and the problems faced globally, nationally and within a chosen demographical area. In order to clarify what is meant by the term ‘health’ an understanding must be achieved and although according to the World Health Organisation (1986) health being ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. Although this is a highly thought of definition according to Macaulay & Herbert (2011) the (WHO, 1986) definition of health is no longer appropriate and should be changed towards ‘the ability to adapt and self-manage in the face of social, physical, and emotional challenges’...
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...Should smoking be allowed or banned in public places? Should smoking be allowed or banned in public? Smoking tobacco has been affecting what’s around us because more people start to smoke so that’s more pollution in the air. Some people feel that they constantly need to smoke in order to get through their day and not realizing what they’re doing to themselves and others. Smoking shouldn’t be allowed in public places like parks because of all the little kids running around. People shouldn’t smoke were there’s huge crowds like time square in New York City. Smoking while standing outside a restaurant is giving that place a bad name. Smoking in restaurants was aloud a couple of years ago but stopped. Smokers should stop smoking and look at the bigger picture and help not only save your life but save life’s around you who are inhaling just as much smoke as you are. On March 20, 2014 smoking parks and beaches has been 100% banned. On this date a bill was passed that there would be no more smoking on beaches or parks. If you are caught smoking in these areas you will face a $250.00- $1,000 fine. People who are caught breaking this law will start with a $250 fine then go to $500 then to $1,000 and more. This bill was passed on a vote of 78 people 4 were absence. The vote came to 67-7 that we should pass this law and move on to a healthy world. Lots of people were very upset about the bill that was passed. People liked to go on vacation to the beach lay down relax and either smoke...
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...[pic] Smoking during pregnancy causes Health problems for mom and baby. For Example, smoking is one of the Causes of problems with the placenta. Smoking during pregnancy can cause a baby to be born too early and have low birth weight making it more likely the babywill become sick or die. Smoking during and after pregnancy will causes sudden infant death syndrome. Babies born to women who smoke are more likely to have a cleft lip or cleft palate . SItes, 31 Sites, 2000—2005 [pic] [pic] ----------------------- Smoke or smoking means inhaling, exhaling, or burning any lighted cigar, cigarette, pipe, or other lighted tobacco product in any manner or form. Not only does smoking contribute to death and illness in smokers, it is also harmful to infants exposed to second hand smoke. Quitting smoking can be hard, but it is one of the best ways a woman can protect herself and her baby’s health. Sigi Jose Resources Available Driscoll Children’s Hospital 3533 S. Alameda Street Corpus Christi, Texas Corpus Christi Health Dept. 1702 Horne Road, Corpus Christi, Texas 78416(361 826-7200 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA30333, USA www. cdc.gov. National Resource Web-Based Resource • • [pic] References Surveillance summaries Retrieved May 9, 2009 from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5804a1.htm Centers for disease control feature Retrieved...
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