...“Psychological Approaches in comparison to Medical Approaches to overcome smoking” Introduction Many people all over the world suffer from health problems caused by their addiction to smoking. Not only the respiratory system and the heart are affected by this, but also the financial situation of smokers in certain countries with high tobacco taxes are influenced. Due to those reasons, many smokers are trying to overcome their addiction. The purpose of this study is to find out how psychological and medical approaches can be successfully used to quit smoking. It should explain how the methods work and what former smokers that have used those techniques experienced with them. The classical means of smoking cessation are medical treatments. They vary from laser therapy to drugs that substitute Nicotine and other ingredients of cigarettes. The psychological approaches to quit smoking have gained more popularity in the last few years. Especially hypnosis is often considered as a very effective method to overcome smoking. Also acupuncture can be seen as a psychological approach since it affects the mind and not the body. In comparison to medical approaches, hypnosis and acupuncture cannot impact the body. It can also be cheaper than a laser therapy for example. However, not every individual is receptive for hypnosis and acupuncture. This makes the medical methods more reliable. The central issue is, that every smoker who wants to overcome his addiction should try different...
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...One of my habits is smoking, and I developed this habit due to influence from my peer many years ago. The role models for the smoking habit were some of my friends who used to smoke cigarettes. When I joined a group of friends who used to smoke, I found myself smoking too, and it is now became a daily habit. They encouraged me and I started smoking slowly, but it became a habit. From the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2006), a habit is acquired behavior pattern being developed through constant repetition. Therefore, I kept smoking every day, and the smoking behavior became automatic. I now continue smoking because I am addicted to it. This is because smoking has caused some changes in my body and the way I act to them thus continuing to smoke. The changes in the ways I act have now developed over time, and these changes have become my smoking habit. For example, when I am stressed, I use cigarettes as an outlet for my frustrations. I am used to a smoking environment where my friends keep on smoking thus making me continue smoking. There has been a time I attempted to break this habit, to no avail. Kleinman and Messina-Kleinman (2000) argue that ignorance is one of the causes that contribute to persistent smoking. The government has tried to raise awareness on smoking, but the tobacco companies have increased advertisement of tobacco. Thus, it is difficult for people to break the habit of smoking. Moreover, tobacco has nicotine that makes one addicted thus making it hard for...
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...Introduction Smoking is one of the biggest health problems seen throughout the United States. It is estimated that cigarette smoking contributes to around 450,000 deaths every year and cost the U.S. $193 billion annually in direct medical expenses and lost productivity (Porter 2013). Cigarette smoking is an addictive habit and for the majority of smokers is very hard to quit, especially by themselves. It is difficult if one is a non-smoker to grasp and understand the dynamics of the addiction and successful quitting usually requires a significant amount of assistance and support. Nurse practitioners are there to provide professional assistance by helping patients take the appropriate steps and measures to ensure their success in smoking cessation. Difficulty of Smoking Cessation In general, most people who smoke know smoking is bad for their health and can contribute to many other health problems and even death, so why can’t they just quit? If it were that easy there would be significantly less smokers in this country. The problem is not the desire to quit but rather the actual act of stoping smoking for good. The fact of reality is there are plenty of smokers out there who want to quit but just can’t due to the complexity and addictive nature of the habit. The three main components of tobacco smoke include; tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine (McEwen 2014). Most of the health issues that arise from smoking cigarettes are directly linked to tar and carbon monoxide components...
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...Reva Burns Illustration Essay 01/16/2014 Smoking Cessation Tobacco can lead to tobacco/nicotine dependence and serious health problems. Quitting smoking can reduce the risk of smoking related diseases. Today there are more former smokers than current smokers. Some examples of smoking cessation is the health benefits, methods for quitting smoking, and programs that help. There are plenty of reasons people should quit smoking. For on it smells real bad on your clothes, in your hair, and last but not least your breath. Also your health is a real big factor in quitting smoking. Smoking cessation can lower the risks of lung cancer and other kinds of cancer. Also tobacco smoke contains more than 7,000 deadly chemicals; which hundreds are toxic, and about seventy can cause cancer. Another big thing is Smoking cessation reduces the risk of you getting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also known as (COPD) which is the leading causes of death among people that smoke. Health benefits are greater if you quit at a young age but all ages can get benefits from stopping smoking. Some people say “Well there is no methods for quitting smoking” that’s crazy. There are plenty of methods to quit smoking such as brief clinical interventions, which a doctor will talk to you in ten minutes or less about the benefits of quitting. Also there is person to person treatments, which are one on one with a family member or someone trying to help you quit for a long period of time. Medications are...
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...1. Smoking imposes a huge economic burden on society— currently up to 15% of total healthcare costs in developed countries. 2. The Benefits of smoking cessation: a. Improvements in life expectancy and prevention of disease, improvement in individuals’ and passive smokers quality of life after stopping smoking, b. economic benefits to individuals and society. 3. Economic burden of smoking: In US economic cost is 0.6% to 0.85% GDP, $50bn a year for the treatment of smoking related diseases, in addition to an annual $47bn in lost earnings and productivity. Smoking related fires cause about £151m of damage each year in England and Wales. 4. Cost effectiveness of cessation programs: Clear evidence exists that smoking cessation interventions are effective. Face to face cessation interventions provide excellent value for money compared with other medical interventions. Cessation program tends to be more effective as its intensity increases; increased intensity is associated with increased costs, therefore increasing both sides of the cost effectiveness ratio. In the United Kingdom Using PREVENT simulation model which includes four interventions: a basic intervention of three minutes of opportunistic brief advice; brief advice plus self help material; brief advice plus self help material and nicotine replacement products; and brief advice plus self help material. The most cost effective intervention was the brief advice alone, in US the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s...
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...Caucasian male, who has an extensive history of cigarette smoking and is at risk for lung cancer. Tobacco smoking is the most eminent cause of lung cancer. In the United States (US) in 2009, approximately 20.6 % of adults and nearly 20% of high school students were smokers. In 2012, an estimated cases of new lung cancer in males (116,470 cases) and females (109,690 cases) were diagnosed (Furrukh, 2013). Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer. Starting from the 1964 Surgeon General’s report and all other subsequent reports showed that cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. Based on this solid evidence, lung cancer risk increases with the duration and intensity of tobacco consumption....
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...Increase uptake of Smoking cessation services in deprived areas Background Tobacco is a major killer. About half of the smokers die prematurely due to smoking related diseases. The most recent estimates show that around 114,000 people in the UK are killed by smoking every year, accounting for one fifth of all UK deaths (Peto, R. et al). People under 35 who never stop smoking may lose 10 years of life expectancy. In the UK about 30% of smokers attempt to quit, of whom 3% to 6% are successful (1% to 2% of all smokers). Almost all smokers try to quit without professional support from NHS, private clinics or workplace schemes. An analysis of quit attempts made by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) category shows the largest numbers to be in the most deprived categories and the smallest in the least deprived, Scottish Household Survey estimates (2005/2006) of smoking prevalence by deprivation quintiles show a smoking prevalence rate of 41% in the most deprived areas and 13% in the least deprived areas. People from deprived background are underprivileged in terms of income, employment, housing, education and most importantly access to health services. So while planning smoking cessation intervention for people from deprived background these factors need to be taken into consideration. For instance costly habit of smoking causes burden on this poor man’s household budget. One survey found that if both partners smoke, they could be spending as much as 15% of...
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...The Success of Smoking Cessation for Patients of Schizophrenia In Relation to Age Alex B. Dvorak University of San Francisco The Success of Smoking Cessation for Patients of Schizophrenia Based on Age Cigarette smoking is the most abused form of preventable death, counting for almost half a million deaths in the United States annually (Center for Disease Control, 2015). More startling is the prevalence of smoking among people with Schizophrenia; an estimated 53% smoke tobacco (Evins et al., 2014). This rate is up to 5 times higher than the general population, causing an increase in smoking-related death (e.g., Addington, 1998; Dutra, Stoeckel, Carlini, Pizzagalli, & Evins, 2012; Pachas et al., 2013; Zammit et al., 2003). Thus,...
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...Tools and Programs to help quit smoking 2.1 Increase in the price of tobacco Raising cigarettes taxes is considered a long term method of controlling smoking, which is prevailing in the society. According to meta-analysis in 2003, statistics from 86 research papers show more than 50% of smokers were influenced by increase of tobacco price, which means a 10% tobacco price increase would result in 2.4% less smokers (Martire, Mattick, Doran&Hall, 2010). Therefore, the effects of increasing cigarette prices have a significant influence on decreasing the consumption of tobacco. Furthermore, Hayes (2011) claims that if the government of New Zealand follows the policy completely, the deaths caused by smoking in ten years will decrease up to 300 each year. Consequently, the World Health Organization suggests that regulating the price of tobacco is the most efficient measure to reduce smoking (WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, as cited in Hayes, 2011). 2.2 Legislative response According to Hayes (2011), the main barrier in the process of controlling smoking efficiently is that government lack of policy. It means that the government policies would not only focus on the cigarettes consumers, but also on supervising the authorized tobacco sellers. In 1985, a legislation was enacted in New Zealand, children under 16 years old were prohibited to buy cigarettes (Hayes, 2011). In addition, National Public Health Partnership (2000) notes that ACT, Western Australia and South...
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...tobacco addiction for the rest of your life. It would seem to need no marketing at all! No product, though, not even the best of the best, can stand out in today’s cluttered marketplace without marketing. NoSmoke is a natural herbal, non-medicinal smoking cessation aid product that has been developed and used privately with a high degree of success by the doctor and physical therapist who developed it. We will be entering an estimated $450M market with numerous competitors, and we intend to clearly communicate how and why NoSmoke stands out among the other smoking cessation aids currently available (Johnson, 2009). Many questions can surround herbal supplements. Customers will want to know what it is made from, how it is used, why it works, and whether there are any special instructions they must follow when ingesting it, such as taking the product with water or with a meal. While our formulation is proprietary, we endeavor to answer as many customer questions as we possibly can with regards to our product. Numerous herbal supplements have been rumored to aid in smoking cessation, including lobeline, St. John’s wort, and valerian, but these all have reported side effects and none are marketed as specifically helping to stop smoking...
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...Further investigation into people’s relationships with smoking. Aims & Objectives The aim of this research is to establish an extensive bank of valuable information that can be used to develop more effective campaigns and techniques for the cessation of smoking. This information will be collated using various design tools to create effective and accessible resources. We will achieve this by using a combination of semi-structured interviews alongside detailed observations of those who have been smoking (socially or heavy) for 2 years or more. Background This research has been instigated as a result of continued investigation into smoking; its users and the existing, often unsuccessful cessation programs. We hope the research will be used to inform those developing cessation programs of the motives and reasons behind individual smoking behaviour so that programs and advertising can be developed to achieve a higher success rate. The knowledge gained may be used to provide a greater understanding of areas related to smoker addiction that have not been explored in depth but have a substantial impact on the effectiveness of cessation. Interest in this area stemmed from the reading of “The Tipping Point” by Malcolm Gladwell. In chapter 7 in particular he discusses the distinct personality type associated with smokers; as well as the significance of peer and psychological factors in relation to an individual’s dependency on smoking. Psychologist Hans Eysenck identified a specific...
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...Invitation to Participate in Wellness Works Obesity Prevention and Control Planning Committee TO: Dr. Jeff Ritter, Chief Financial Officer FROM: Bertha Simmons, Wellness Program Director RE: Capella Banking Bureau Obesity Prevention and Control Worksite Program As you may be aware, Capella Banking Bureau is planning to continue implementing a worksite obesity prevention and control program in September, 2014. The new program will involve planning, building, promoting, and assessing a variety of nutrition and physical activity program components Capella Banking Bureau employees. We are inviting you to be a part of the Planning Committee. The purpose of this committee is to develop, guide, and oversee the program, including— • Identifying the interests of company employees • Motivating employees to participate in the program • Keeping management excited about the company’s obesity prevention efforts • Discussing potential program components and deciding what activities to include “With high obesity rates in the United States, these health care costs can directly affect employer profits.4 It is estimated that employers spend $13 billion annually on the total cost of obesity.3 Approximately 9.1% of all health care costs in the United States are related to obesity and overweight” (CDC, 2011). “Workplace obesity prevention and control programs can be an effective way for employers to reduce obesity’ (CDC, 2011). Along with your participation, I am...
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...Pharm.D., Bryan Yeager, Pharm.D., Karen Farris, Ph.D.. Effectiveness of a Pharmacist-Based Smoking-Cessation Program and Its Impact on Quality of Life. webscape. 2002. Available at http:// www.medscape.com/viewarticle/438855_2. Accessed July 1, 2014 Pharmacists managed self-referred patients in meetings over a few months while using replacement therapies. At three and six months the smoking cessation status of each individual was measured and just under half of the patients were smoke free at the three months and about half more again were smoke free at the six month mark. The article is published on a medical news website that keeps up to date on most all areas of medicine. The original source of the article is from Pharmacotherapy: a journal of human pharmacology and drug therapy. I would have to say this is a high quality article. The author is very thorough in recording the number of patients, the number of meetings and how long they were over what period of time. I think this experiment is most credible as well because they actually read the carbon monoxide exhaled by the patients at three and six months to verify their smoking cessation chemically. The article is relevant to the topic because the programs that lead these patients to being smoke free were lead by pharmacists. The whole intention of the experiment was to gauge how effective pharmacists are in smoking cessation and the results prove to be positive in the pharmacists’ favor. 2.De silva MJ, Breuer E...
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...Running head: Post-9/11 Veterans with PTSD: A battle with smoking Proposal Paper for Post-9/11 Veterans with PTSD: A battle with smoking Morgan Mathews and Brenda Pizana The University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing In partial fulfillment of the requirements of N5366 Principles of Research in Nursing Dr. Michelle Hampton, PhD, RN-CCRN, Clinical Faculty July 31, 2015 Pinch table Author/yr Design Sample Size Interventions Outcomes Notes Use of Learning Collaborative to Support Implementation of Integrated Care for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Use of Learning Collaborative to Support Implementation of Integrated Care for Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 2014 Longitudinal, Time series Quasi- experimental study. Methodological Research Collaborative change framework using the learning collaborative model 70 staff members from 12 VA PTSD Clinics After training and development of a expert panel team, questionnaires evaluated how feasible and effective integrative care for smoking cessation using the Learning Collaborative Model. The LC model would be useful to implement integrated care to patients without interfering with treatment. The staff found it useful but difficult to communicate and meet with teams to train Unique challenges: different clinics...
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...morbidity and mortality after the infarction. One of the goals of cardiac rehabilitation is the reduction of morbidity and mortality through exercise training, dietary changes, smoking cessation and type A behavior modification. The second goal is amelioration of distress associated with cardiac pathology through the use of new coping strategies such as behavioral and cognitive techniques and stress management programs and anger control (Brennan, 1997). Exercise program is the most important intervention by researchers and clinicians. But the other form of intervention, like the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs, has received little attention. This article reviews the evidence for the efficiency of different forms of intervention that are focused on reducing distress and limiting risks during the post-infarction period. Exercise programs in cardiac rehabilitation studies prove their impact on the recurrence of myocardial infarction (Brennan, 1997). The stress management programs help to reduce psychological distress and increase effective coping mechanisms, at least for a limited period of time (Brennan, 1997). The research studies assess the efficacy of many cardiac rehabilitation interventions. The other part of this article considers research into the efficiency of smoking cessation and type A behavior modification...
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