...Smoking For several decades, smoking remains one of the most common problems in the world even though people are aware of the health risks involved in smoking. Smoking causes harmful effects in the body. There have been numerous reports linking cigarette smoking to diseases such as cancers of the lung, mouth, heart attacks, and other ailments. Moreover, smoking in public areas is an unhealthy habit because it harms not just the smokers, but also others who breathe the smoker’s cigarette smoke, that called secondhand smoke or passive smoke. Most studies of the effects of smoking focus on the public health aspects. However, smoking also negatively impacts on society through environmental problems and economic problems. Therefore, Federal and State Government should ban smoking in public area. When thinking of disease caused by smoking, the first one that comes to mind is always lung cancer, but there are many other serious diseases that are associated with smoking. Smoking damages nearly every organ of the body and diminishes a person’s overall health. Most of the substances contained in tobacco smoke are harmful to the body such as: tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. They are the major cause of cancer as well as the heart attack, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. Actually, in 2010, the Surgeon General at U.S Department reported that: “Smoking is a leading cause of cancer and death from cancer. It causes cancers of the lung, mouth, throat, kidney, stomach as well as acute...
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...Smoking and Lung Cancer Smoking and Lung Cancer The devastating cause of lung cancer is creditable to cigarette smoking. Introduction Fatalities due to cancer are widespread around the globe. One of the leading cancers, worldwide, is lung cancer affecting both men and women; killing more than 1 million people in a year, according to estimation. Smoking has by and large contribution in the cause of lung cancer. Obviously, lung cancer is a significant and prevalent disease that comprises a key public health problem. It is evidently established by widespread epidemiological data that cigarette smoking is the main motive of lung cancer. Overall, 75- 80% of lung cancer fatalities and particularly 90% deaths among males are contributable to smoking in United States every year. (Hecht, 1999) Discussion There is a dose-response association exist among smoking and lung cancer, and the possibility for lung cancer amplifies with duration of smoking, quantity of smoked cigarettes, age at beginning of smoking, unfiltered cigarettes’ usage, content of tar and nicotine, and extent of intake. In 1956, a pivotal trial was performed by Doll and Hill which illustrated that a cessation in smoking minimizes the potentiality of lung cancer relatively to those who keep on smoking. Reproduction of this verdict by Pathak et al. in a study in 1986 weighed against cases and controls more than 65 years of age to less than 65 years of age to those and furthermore displayed that there was...
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...CAUSES OF LUNG CANCER Lung cancer is a disease in which a primary cancer (the original site where the cancer occurred) develops in the tissue of the lungs. Lung cancer was first described by doctors in the mid 1800's. At the turn of the century, it was still considered a rarity ;that has changed dramatically. What has not changed is the difficultly of detecting lung cancer in its earliest stages when it has the greatest chance of being successfully treated. "Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer among both men and women, with 168,000 new cases in 1992 and 146,00 deaths" ;(Winawer 283). "If you fall into the following categories of people who have been heavy smokers, you have the greatest chance of being diagnosed with lung cancer: a male over 60 ;someone who has smoked one for more packs of cigarettes a day for 20 years or longer ;someone who began to smoke before the age of 20 and is still smoking: a worker in a industrial plant with a high risk material, such as asbestos, who also smoke. Someone who has persistent or violent smokers cough ;someone who does not smoke but is frequently exposed to unnecessary passive smoke" ;(Cooper 114-120). Numerous studies all over the world have shown a link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, as well as other cancers, with an increase in cigarette smoking followed by an increase of lung cancer. Most of these studies involve the testing of non-smokers and smokers to see how things can affect them differently and...
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...Control and Prevention, smoking a single cigarette removes an estimated fourteen minutes from the average person’s lifespan. It should be obvious that time is precious and should not be thrown away after every cigarette. However, forty-three million people in the United States still make the decision to smoke habitually. In the modern American society, the dangerous of tobacco use has become moderately common knowledge. It is strongly reinforced through education, the media, and impacting examples. If an individual is given this knowledge, it is difficult to discover proper rationale for the desire or continuation of tobacco use. Despite the present facts, tobacco is still used by a mass amount of Americans, and remains to be one of the leading killers in the country. In spite of the efforts to raise awareness, exponential amounts of people still indulge in smoking and chewing tobacco. Tobacco may cause serious and fatal health risks for the user and those who may obtain it unintentionally from secondhand smoke, and may cause serious problems psychologically, physically, and hygienically. Smoking tobacco indisputably leads to many different health risks and seriously increases a person’s opportunity to develop a wide range of diseases. According to the Centers for Disease and Control Prevention, smoking damages nearly every organ in the human body and will greatly diminish a person’s overall health. The main health concern from smoking is the development of cancer...
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...Abstract This paper is a cumulation of a three part portfolio assignment describing the tobacco tax issue in the United States. The first part of the paper defines the tax issue and gives a brief history of the tobacco excise tax. The second section discusses the stakeholders and an analysis of the issue. And lastly, I describe my policy perspective. The Tobacco Tax Issue Is taxation on tobacco an effective means of decreasing the smoking rate or is it just an elaborate ploy to increase taxes by playing on voter emotions? The message is clear and has been etched in our minds over the years; tobacco kills. Tobacco and secondary tobacco products kill an estimated 440,000 Americans per year. Over the past several decades, state and local governments have passed tobacco excise taxes and other laws regulating the use of tobacco. But who is actually behind the legislature? First Tobacco Tax Tax on tobacco was first implemented by Alexander Hamilton, secretary of the treasury, in 1794 (Altman, 2009). The tax was soon repealed, but excise taxes have been a staple in federal revenues since the American Civil War. In 1921, Iowa successfully passed the first state tax on tobacco, with many states to follow. Not only does the federal government and state governments tax tobacco, but now city municipalities are also imposing a local tax on tobacco (Altman, 2009). But what is the current tobacco tax about? There are several sides to...
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... The business research that I chose for my paper is the reinforcement of smoking and drinking and how tobacco marketing strategies link themselves with alcohol in the United States. The reason I chose this topic is because I see this issue increasing within our society. The purpose of this research is to investigate tobacco companies’ awareness about concurrent use of tobacco and alcohol, their marketing strategies linking cigarettes with alcohol, and the benefits tobacco companies pursued from these marketing activities. Problems under Investigation Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of premature deaths in the United States, accounting for more than 440,000 deaths yearly. Alcohol consumption is the third-leading cause of deaths in the nation. Each year, approximately 79,000 deaths are caused by excessive alcohol use. The concurrent use of cigarettes and alcohol further increases risks for certain cancers, such as cancer of the mouth, throat, and esophagus. In addition, the use of both tobacco and alcohol makes it more difficult to quit either substance. The three basics issues are under investigation: 1. What tobacco companies knew about the association between drinking and smoking, especially about smokers’ drinking behaviors 2. How tobacco and alcohol companies developed cross promotions featuring cigarettes and alcohol 3. How tobacco companies linked cigarettes with alcohol in their marketing activities and the benefits they expected to gain...
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...Assignment 2 Morbidity: Lung Cancer HSA535 Managerial Epidemiology 01/29/2012 Compose an analysis of lung cancer of lung cancer as compared to other leading causes of death in your state. Include the mortality rates and the costs of lung cancer(for the most recent year reported) in your analysis. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung. Normal lung tissue is made up of cells that are programmed by genes to create lung tissue in a certain shape and to perform certain functions. Lung cancer develops when the genetic material responsible for production of lung cells is damaged (genetic mutations). Repeated exposure to carcinogens such as tobacco smoke may cause damage in lung cells. While tobacco, is the leading cause of lung cancer, some other carcinogens linked to lung cancer include radon and asbestos. These mutations in the genetic material of the lung cells cause the instructions for those cells to go askew. Consequently, those cells and their offspring reproduce wildly, without regard for the normal shape and function of a lung. That wild reproduction causes the formation of tumors that block air passages in the lung and make it stop functioning as it should. Lung cancer is usually divided into two major types. The first type is small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The second type is non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC. Sometimes a lung cancer may have characteristics of both types. This is called mixed small cell/large cell carcinoma. About...
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...Know it Causes Cancer? Today there are still so many young people that start smoking. Some are as young as middle school but most are high school age. There is so much information that is available at our fingertips and still teens start smoking. Smoking causes many different health problems. Smoking causes cancers, stroke, heart disease and lung disease. Smoking is costly, highly addictive and it can kill you so why do young people still do it? Teens smoke because they want to look mature. They see their parents do it and many adults around them do it. They mimic what they see. It is usually forbidden by parents so it attracts their attention. Some teens want to rebel and so they try it. Other teens are pressured into it by their peers. The problem is they get addicted and they cannot stop. These teens grow up and become adult smokers. Three out of every one hundred middle school students have tried cigarettes and at least nine out of every one hundred high school students have tried them in the past thirty days. Teen use of tobacco in any form is unsafe. If smoking continues at the current rate among teens in this country, 5.6 million of today’s Americans younger than eighteen will die early from a smoking-related illness. That’s about one of every thirteen Americans aged seventeen years or younger alive today. Smoking cigarettes causes stroke and coronary heart disease which is among the leading causes of death in the United States. Smoking cigarettes...
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...Smoking is one of the leading killers in America and innocent people shouldn’t die because of it. For years people have been smoking in public thinking “it’s my body, I can do whatever I want to it” but now that it has been proven that smoking not only harms the smokers, but also those around him or her. Smokers should not be allowed to smoke around other people in public. Smokers should stop smoking. Smoking is very addicting to people and it’s bad for them and for the environment. It can cause many diseases and problems to people. Also it can kill people and cause relatives and friends to hurt also due to problems the smokers runs into. Smoking can also cause physical and mental appearance. Pregnant woman also can harm themselves and the child they are carrying while they are smoking due to the chemical. Today, nearly 3,000 young people across our country will begin smoking regularly. Of these 3,000 young people, 1,000 will lose that gamble to the diseases caused by smoking. The net effect of this is that among children living in America today, 5 million will die on early, preventable death because of a decision made as a child. Smoking can cause many diseases and problems physically and mentally. Smokers run into many complications while using the addicting abject called a cigarette. Cigarettes have addicting materials in them such as nicotine, which is what makes it so hard for people to stop smoking. When people keep smoking the nicotine affects their body...
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...greatest cause of preventable death. TYPES OF TOBACCO PPRODUCTS There is no safe form of tobacco use. All forms contain nicotine and can cause addiction and health problems. Mainly two types smoking and smokeless tobacco 1. Smoking tobacco https://youtu.be/c6Ul9QIfBno Cigarettes Bidis Cigars, Cigarillos and Little Cigars Electronic cigarette or E- cigarette (nicotine delivery system) Hookah Pipe 2. Smokeless Tobacco * is not burned * Includes tobacco that can be sucked or chewed1 * Can be spit or swallowed, depending on the product1 * Can be spit less, depending on the product2 * Contains nicotine and is addictive1 * May appeal to youth because it comes in flavors such as cinnamon, berry, vanilla, and apple3,4 Types of smokeless tobacco: * Chewing tobacco (loose leaf, plug, or twist and may come in flavors)1 * Snuff (moist, dry, or in packets [U.S. snus]) * Dissolvable (lozenges, sticks, strips, orbs) Tobacco Facts and Figures Smoking * Harms nearly every organ of the body * Causes many diseases and reduces the health of smokers in general * Nearly 18 of every 100 U.S. adults aged 18 years or older (17.8%) currently smoke cigarettes. This means an estimated 42.1 million adults in the United States currently smoke cigarettes.1 * Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States, accounting for more than 480,000 deaths every year, or 1 of every 5 deaths.2 * More...
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...Effect of Cigarette Smoking Eric Kiruja Dr Ondieki 4th October, 2015 Tobacco smoking remains a global concern, as the tobacco industry continues to penetrate even into the developing and least developed nations. This practice has been associated with a myriad of problems and, as a result, its use should be me minimized if not outlawed. The following effects present the grim effects of cigarette smoking through which people can gain useful insights as to why they should not adopt this behavior. These effects can be classified into: Social effects While, for some people, cigarette smoking can be viewed as a way of socializing and connecting with others, it has its drawbacks. First, it leads to the users being subjected to isolation and social stigma. As the rate of which the number of people who have taken up this habit increases so is the number of individuals who are intolerant to smoking. As a result, the users tend to feel as if they are being despised and are socially unaccepted. In addition, more and more countries have placed restrictions on smoking in public areas. These restrictions serve to limit the freedom of the smoker in that he/she is always preoccupied with worrying about whether the area they intend to go will allow smoking. Also, smokers may find themselves having their prospects for any form of romantic engagement or dating reduced significantly to other smokers who only constitute less than 21% of the average adult...
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...“Did you know that approximately 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced globally each year and are smoked by over 1.1 billion people or greater than one-sixth of the world population?”(Musebaby) The use of tobacco is a global problem and it has numerous negative effects on people. The tobacco industry has continuously derailed governments and organizations that have attempted to control tobacco. The production of tobacco damages the environment, the cigarette smoke is very harmful to the smoker’s bystanders, and it gives health consequences to the smoker. For several years smoking has been the most common and most unhealthy habits for people. In the first place, all smokers believe that they are only harming them self but they are ignorant because it is a contributor to the environmental pollution. From smoking, the cigarette butts and smoke effect the environment greatly, leading to air, water, and land pollution. In outdoor places, regulating smoking it will keeps the ground clean from the cigarette butts. Depending on the environment the cigarette will take up to ten to fifteen years to biodegrade. The best and easiest way to stop the environmental destruction from smoking is to not buy the product. For example, in the Netherlands, Finland, and in the United Kingdom they have a complete or strong ban, but in the United States we have a local legislation. Smoking greatly influences the surrounding atmosphere. Furthermore, to the public the contents of secondhand...
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...It's the way we, as human beings, determine what issues are moral or amoral. Take smoking, for instance. Years ago, it was widely considered to be a health issue. Many non-smokers didn't smoke because they worried about how cigarettes could affect their lungs and heart. When scientists determined that second-hand smoke was unhealthy too, smoking became a moral issue. Smoking is one of the most widespread bad habits all over the world. In its turn, tobacco industry is one of the most profitable businesses nowadays. Millions of people start smoking, and then decide they want to get rid of this habit, thus the health industry products for smokers who try to quit their habit are also quite attractive to invest in. Nowadays everyone knows smoking is hazardous for the health of the smoker, and of people who inhale cigarette smoke; it leads to lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, influences on prenatal development, and causes many other unpleasant and dangerous effects. Hot dogs, baseball and cigarettes? How did smoking become an American tradition? The "History of Tobacco" article state, American Indians began using tobacco as early as 1 B.C for medicinal and religious purposes. In the early nineteenth century, tobacco became increasingly popular among the gold miners and cowboys (History of Tobacco). During this era, tobacco became "Good as Gold." In 1913, Camel and Marlboro brands established cigarettes and both creatively began targeting women as a consumer with slogans like "Mild...
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... Smokescreen 185 (1996)) I. Introduction Tobacco has been an agricultural staple from the time of the first recorded European encounter with the plant in the fifteenth century.2 The pervasive nature of its cultivation and consumption has made tobacco one of the most profitable crops in world agricultural history.3 World production is estimated at thirteen billion pounds annually, originating in more than one hundred countries.4 This production has flourished, in part, due to the demand for cigarettes, the leading form of tobacco consumed in the global marketplace. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 1.2 billion people over the age of fifteen are regular cigarette smokers.5 In developed countries, 35 percent of men and 22 percent of women smoke cigarettes on a regular basis.6 In developing countries, 50 percent of men and 9 percent of women smoke cigarettes on a regular basis.7 Globally, smokers consume 5.5 trillion cigarettes every year, which translates into a consumption rate of one thousand cigarettes for every person on the planet.8 This case study examines the role of tobacco in the global marketplace with a primary emphasis on the U.S. tobacco industry. First, the case study examines U.S. government regulation of tobacco products through federal statutes and litigation. Next, it describes the participation of U.S. tobacco companies in the international marketplace with...
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... Smokescreen 185 (1996)) I. Introduction Tobacco has been an agricultural staple from the time of the first recorded European encounter with the plant in the fifteenth century.2 The pervasive nature of its cultivation and consumption has made tobacco one of the most profitable crops in world agricultural history.3 World production is estimated at thirteen billion pounds annually, originating in more than one hundred countries.4 This production has flourished, in part, due to the demand for cigarettes, the leading form of tobacco consumed in the global marketplace. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 1.2 billion people over the age of fifteen are regular cigarette smokers.5 In developed countries, 35 percent of men and 22 percent of women smoke cigarettes on a regular basis.6 In developing countries, 50 percent of men and 9 percent of women smoke cigarettes on a regular basis.7 Globally, smokers consume 5.5 trillion cigarettes every year, which translates into a consumption rate of one thousand cigarettes for every person on the planet.8 This case study examines the role of tobacco in the global marketplace with a primary emphasis on the U.S. tobacco industry. First, the case study examines U.S. government regulation of tobacco products through federal statutes and litigation. Next, it describes the participation of U.S. tobacco companies in the international marketplace with...
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